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Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2021 Apr 23;9(4):e3541. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Burn, Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.

Background: Although a local flap repair is optimal for facial defects, an extra flap or split-thickness skin graft may be needed if a sufficient local flap area is not available. In this study, we developed a distant axial pedicle flap procedure based on the inner transverse perforator of the ascending frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery to repair facial defects while meeting patients' requirements for a like-for-like tissue reconstructive outcome.

Methods: For defect repair after facial tumor removal, we designed upper frontal facial pedicle flaps based on the inner transverse perforator of the ascending frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2021 Apr 3;37(2):149-159. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

PLLC-Otolaryngology Division, Rochester, New York.

Facial aging in the midface has been described to encompass both soft tissue descent and volumetric change. Currently, there is no established and widely accepted grading system for midfacial ptosis. We propose a simplified grading system for midfacial ptosis ranging from mild to severe in terms of Grades I through III. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2020 Nov 20. Epub 2020 Nov 20.

Division of Plastic Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell.

Background: Patients desire facelifting procedures to look younger, refreshed, and attractive. Unfortunately, there are few objective studies assessing the success of types of facelift procedures and ancillary techniques.

Objectives: The authors sought to utilize convolutional neural network algorithms alongside patient-reported FACE-Q outcomes to evaluate perceived age reduction and patient satisfaction following various facelift techniques. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021 Mar-Apr 01;37(2):179-182

Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, RH19 3DZ, United Kingdom.

Purpose: The direct brow lift is a simple and popular technique, particularly in patients with brow ptosis secondary to facial palsy. It provides a high degree of control in determining the degree of brow elevation and shape achieved. However, it is arguably the least debated in terms of addressing some of its sequelae, namely the risks of a visible or indrawn scar and forehead paraesthesia. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Oct;31(7):1958-1961

Department of Plastic Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea.

In our previous anatomic study, the authors could pull the platysma effectively in the medial direction, lateral direction, or both the medial and lateral directions. In this paper, the authors analyzed the results of our series of modified medial and lateral platysmaplasties, in which the technique was based on Hamra's platysmaplasty, modified in light of Feldman's corset platysmaplasty and Mendelson's concepts.In medial platysmaplasty, subcutaneous dissection was performed from the mandibular border to 2 or 3 finger breadths above the xiphoid process. Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2020 Dec 14;52(6):545-551. Epub 2020 May 14.

Institut für Plastische, Rekonstruktive und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Zürich-Zollikon.

Introduction And Background:  The human desire to achieve an improved/better way of looking can be traced back through all times of human history and culminated in the realm of plastic surgery in the beginning of the early 20th century. In particular a main interest was hereby the so-called facelift surgery and the first two German pioneers in this field: Eugen Holländer and Erich Lexer.

Aim Of The Paper:  The surgeons Eugen Holländer and Erich Lexer contributed to a big part to the development of facelift techniques. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 May/Jun;31(3):642-647

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Background: Utilizing the concept of Barton's high superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) technique, the authors performed the more extensive skin-attached SMAS/platysma flap elevation and the 'dual deep tissue support' technique involving multiple plications of the parotid-masseteric fascia, repositioning of the SMAS, and platysma muscle. Our aim was to demonstrate a specific surgical procedure for face and neck lift and offer its pitfalls and outcomes.

Methods: This study included 83 patients aged between 54 and 73 years. Read More

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2020 Jan 1;13(1):28-31. Epub 2020 Jan 1.

Dr Hopkins is with the Department of Dermatology at Broward Health in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Mr. Moreno is with the College of Medicine at Texas A&M University in Temple, Texas.

Social media is increasingly cited as a contributing factor to the rising public interest in cosmetic procedures. By tracking online search interests, Google Trends (GT) can help quantify these trends. We used GT (trends. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2020 Jan 11;6(1):41-43. Epub 2019 Sep 11.

Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is a common procedure, which gains popularity for a large number of indications, mainly for reshaping and filling of contour defects. It is considered a safe procedure, with only uncommon and mild complications. Here we report on a 60-year-old female patient who developed excess hair growth on both cheeks 1 month following facial AFG done in conjunction with a facelift. Read More

Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2019 Jun 27;7(6):e2270. Epub 2019 Jun 27.

Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.

The facelift has significantly evolved over the past several decades. What was once considered a skin only operation is now a sophisticated, elegant procedure that requires meticulous preoperative analysis, understanding of underlying anatomically based aging changes, and extreme attention to detail. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, 125,697 facelifts were performed in 2017. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2019 Oct 17;46(4):505-513. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address:

In this article, we review the history of the facelift operation and how it evolved from skin excision only to the modern superficial musculoaponeurotic system operation. We describe the critical surgical anatomy of the facial layers, retaining ligaments of the face, facial spaces, the 3-dimensional complex course of the facial nerve branches, and the pertinent anatomy of the neck. This article is supplemented by fresh cadaver anatomic dissections. Read More

JAMA Facial Plast Surg 2019 Sep;21(5):375-380

Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.

Importance: Glabellar wrinkling is a critical component of upper facial aging.

Objective: To compare the long-term outcomes on the wrinkle lines of the glabella and forehead following browlifts with vs without corrugator and procerus muscle resection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A prospective cohort comparative trial was conducted of 23 patients who underwent browlift procedures by a single surgeon at a single institution (16 with glabellar muscle resection and 7 without muscle resection) between May 1, 2016, and July 1, 2017. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2019 08;39(9):927-942

Facial plastic surgeon in private practice in North Charleston, SC.

Background: Sub-superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) rhytidectomy techniques are considered to have a higher complication profile, especially for facial nerve injury, compared with less invasive SMAS techniques. This results in surgeons avoiding sub-SMAS dissection.

Objectives: The authors sought to aggregate and summarize data on complications among different SMAS facelift techniques. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 8;42(6):1576-1581. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Background: Correction of tear trough (TT) deformity is a crucial aspect of facial rejuvenation. Because the anatomical origins of TT deformity lie in the TT ligaments, which firmly attach the dermis to the periosteum, the release of TT ligaments should be considered when performing an etiological correction. The aim of this paper is to propose an alternative method for TT deformity correction, comprising use of filler together with the release of TT ligaments. Read More

Clin Plast Surg 2018 Oct;45(4):585-600

Marten Clinic of Plastic Surgery, 450 Sutter Street Suite 2222, San Francisco, CA 94108, USA.

For a subset of patients poor neck contour exists as a largely isolated problem and can be treated with a short scar neck lift procedure whereby no skin is removed. The procedure is performed through a submental incision without any removal of skin and relies on modification of deep-layer structures to improve neck contour. "Excess" skin is allowed to redistribute itself over the increased neck surface area created when deep-layer maneuvers are performed, neck contour is improved, and the cervicomental angle deepened. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2019 01;39(1):1-7

Department of Plastic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital and Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY.

Background: Recurrent platysma bands remain a common problem in neck rejuvenation.

Objectives: The goals of this cadaver study were to document the course of the cervical branches of the facial nerve and investigate the pattern of platysma muscle innervation before and after various platysmaplasty maneuvers.

Methods: A total of 8 fresh cadaver specimens were dissected for a total of 16 hemifaces/necks. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Dec 20;42(6):1551-1555. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.

Background: In his facial aesthetics practice, the senior author (B.G.) observed that many patients presenting with horizontal forehead lines also demonstrated upper eyelid ptosis or enough blepharodermachalasia to require compensation. Read More

J Drugs Dermatol 2018 06;17(6):647-655

A complete approach to facial rejuvenation includes restoration of the skin's surface, relaxation of muscles that contribute to hyperkinetic movement, revolumization, and repositioning/recontouring of descended tissues and fat pads. After receiving 510(k) clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015, the Silhouette InstaLift™ absorbable suspension suture became the only available non-surgical technique for repositioning of facial tissue. In January 2017, a consensus paper presented a review of the literature on the efficacy and safety of absorbable suspension sutures and provided information on treatment procedures. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Oct;38(11):1225-1236

Division of Plastic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Background: The perioral region is the most dynamic anatomic area of the face and subject to complex and dramatic changes during aging. Successful treatment for perioral rejuvenation has yet to be identified, and prior studies have reported only subjective outcomes.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to utilize our validated dynamic 3-dimensional imaging technology to determine whether conservative neuromodulation combined with hyaluronic acid filler volumization can decrease perioral strain and increase volume with significant patient satisfaction. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 May;29(3):800-803

Choi's Aesthetic Plastic Surgical Clinic, Seoul, Korea.

The aim of this study is to search for the origin of the term "ligament' in the face, present its status, and suggest a principle to rectify the use of unclear terminology.The structure that connects the zygoma to the skin was first presented by McGregor (1959). Kaye (1981), in describing his "extended facelift," wrote that the adherent area of the cheek over the malar eminence (McGregor's patch) usually requires sharp dissection. Read More

Aesthetic Plast Surg 2018 Jun 23;42(3):743-747. Epub 2018 Feb 23.

Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California Davis Health System, 2221 Stockton Blvd., Room 2125, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.

Background: Although many aesthetic surgeons believe that beveling the angle of an incision improves the aesthetic outcome with regard to scaring, the literature remains scarce largely because few studies have been conducted.

Objective: This systematic review therefore aims to identify whether using a beveled incision adds an aesthetic benefit, to determine whether there is a specific angle that yields a superior outcome, and for the first time, to present a complete discussion of this subject for practicing surgeons.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed database to search for primary articles. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Feb 6;34(1):75-81. Epub 2018 Feb 6.

Skin and Face Clinic, Baden-Baden, Germany.

Isotretinoin is a first generation retinoid with pleiotropic effects on keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, and activity of sebaceous glands. For years, there has been intense debate on whether the use of isotretinoin combined with cosmetic or surgical procedures is safe and potentially more efficient than either therapy alone. Due to delays in wound healing and keloid formation, conservative recommendations were not to combine isotretinoin with any plastic surgery or local treatment at 6 to 12 months after discontinuation of the drug. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2018 02 2;71(2):171-177. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Center for Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ocean Clinic Marbella, Av. Ramon y Cajal 7, ES-29601 Marbella, Spain; Department for Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Elfriede Aulhorn Str 5, DE-72076 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address:

Objective: Recently, water jet-assisted liposuction (WAL) was successfully applied by several other authors to remove fat and induce skin contraction in nonfacial body areas. Extending the range of indications for this new method, the authors of this article report on their first experience with its use in facial contouring, fat harvesting, and hydrodissection of the facial skin flap in rhytidectomy in a case series of 25 patients.

Methods: Twenty-five patients (median age: 56 years) had facelift surgery under sedation, and the WAL technique was used for facial contouring, fat harvesting for facial lipotransfer, and hydrodissection of the facial skin flap. Read More

Aesthet Surg J 2018 Feb;38(3):321-328

Regenerative Surgery Unit, San Francesco Clinic, Verona, Italy.

Background: In previous papers, we demonstrated that the treatment of human photoaged skin with stromal-vascular fraction-enriched fat or expanded adipose-derived stem cells showed a decrease of elastosis and the appearance of new oxytalan elastic fibers in dermis and an increase in the vascular network. The utilization of fat plus platelet-rich plasma (PRP) led to an increase in the vascular permeability and reactivity of the nervous component.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the histologic and ultrastructural changes of human skin after the injection of only PRP in the retroauricular area that was not exposed to sun and did not present the photoaging process, in comparison with our previous results. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 27;62(5):375-386. Epub 2017 Sep 27.

Carré esthétique Lafayette, 5, place Aristide-Briand, 44000 Nantes, France. Electronic address:

The first step to determine a medical or surgical intervention is the clinical exam. The clinical exam is the paramount step to provide a treatment plan that can be modified and individualized accounting the patient preferences. During the consultation for facial rejuvenation, attention should be paid to understand the patient's motivation and expectations. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2017 Nov;43(11):1332-1338

*Taipei Arts Plastic Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan; †Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Previous studies of microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) on facial and neck laxity were largely based on masked physician assessments, histological analysis, and safety profile. More quantitative studies are needed.

Objective: To evaluate the 800 treatment lines of MFU-V on skin tightening effect of face and neck in Asians using 2 quantitative analysis systems at 0, 90, and 180 days after treatment. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 15;62(5):592-597. Epub 2017 Sep 15.

59, rue Spontini, 75116 Paris, France. Electronic address:

Prevention of aging is mainly obtained through appropriate health practices, modulated by the genetic causes of aging. Causes of facial structural aging include gravity, volume loss, contraction of the mimic muscles and obviously biological aging of tissues. Among the very numerous new surgical technique of facial rejuvenation, we could point out: for the frontal region, obviously we are focus on the endoscopic and non-endoscopic frontal lifts. Read More

Ann Chir Plast Esthet 2017 Oct 5;62(5):532-549. Epub 2017 Sep 5.

Hôpital américain de Paris, 63, boulevard Victor-Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France; 90, boulevard Flandrin, 75116 Paris, France.

For a number of years, a volumetric approach using autologous fat injection has been implemented to improve cosmetic outcome in face-lift procedures and to achieve lasting rejuvenation. Autologous fat as filling tissue has been used in plastic surgery since the late 19th century, but has only recently been associated to face lift procedures. The interest of the association lies on the one hand in the pathophysiology of facial aging, involving skin sag and loss of volume, and on the other hand in the tissue induction properties of grafted fat, "rejuvenating" the injected area. Read More