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SN Compr Clin Med 2022 10;4(1):29. Epub 2022 Jan 10.

School of Optometry, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

The purpose of this study is to report eyelid myokymia in patients recently recovered from COVID-19 disease. A cohort of 15 patients who developed eyelid myokymia during or immediate post-recovery of systemic disease were evaluated. Demographic, clinical characteristics, effect of age, and hospitalization on the disease course were studied. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2020 Nov/Dec;36(6):566-568

Department of Ophthalmology Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western University Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Purpose: To describe a novel observation of ipsilateral eyelid myokymia in the context of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking synkinesis (MGJWS).

Methods: A retrospective case series of 5 patients observed to have myokymia in the context of MGJWS in 2 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was conducted. Demographic profile including age and gender, and clinical features were analyzed. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2020 Apr 1;44(2):108-110. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Herein, we describe a novel manifestation of facial nerve synkinesis, swallow-induced eyelid myokymia, and hypothesise that this phenomenon is due to synkinetic facial nerve innervations of the stylohyoid-posterior digastric complex of suprahyoid muscles and orbicularis oculi muscle. In our patient's case, onabotulinum toxin A treatment provided good therapeutic response. Swallow-induced eyelid myokymia is a unique and previously unreported variety of facial nerve synkinesis. Read More

Intractable Rare Dis Res 2020 Feb;9(1):61-63

Neurophysiology Department, Clínica das Américas, Curitiba, Brasil.

Multiple sclerosis is considered the most frequent demyelinating disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS) among young adults, yet is very rare before 10 years old. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a monophasic, polysymptomatic disorder that involves the CNS white matter with demyelinating lesions, which usually occurs after systemic viral infections. These two demyelinating diseases can present initially as an acute focal neurological syndrome and they can be difficult to distinguish. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 4;14:689-691. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

HDR Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT, USA.

Eyelid myokymia, commonly referred to as "eyelid twitching", is a common, benign condition that resolves in most individuals within hours to days; however, chronic cases can persist for several weeks to months, prompting the search for home remedies that may reduce the frequency or duration of symptoms. In this article, we discuss the proposed pathophysiologic mechanism and safety concerns surrounding tonic water as a treatment for eyelid myokymia. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2018 Jun 9;42(3):150-152. Epub 2017 Aug 9.

Department of Oculoplastic, Orbital and Lacrimal Surgery, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.

Eyelid myokymia is a localised movement disorder of the orbicularis oculi muscle with involuntary, fine, continuous, and undulating contractions. Although this entity is thought to be peripheral nerve origin, it rarely occurs with an intracranial lesion. The authors report a case of eyelid myokymia with concomitant cerebral tumour. Read More

Case Rep Neurol Med 2017 17;2017:7180560. Epub 2017 Sep 17.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Rowan University SOM, Stratford, NJ, USA.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The etiology is insufficiently understood. Autoimmune, genetic, viral, and environmental factors have been hypothesized. Read More

Case Rep Psychiatry 2016 17;2016:7901085. Epub 2016 May 17.

Department of Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 4165863795, Iran.

Background. Topiramate (TPM) is a psychotropic drug, which is used mainly as an antiepileptic drug and now over the years is used for a wider range of indications, including migraine prophylaxis and binge eating disorders. Although ocular side effects of Topiramate have been frequently reported, neuroophthalmologic manifestations such as myokymia are rarely reported. Read More

Acta Neurol Scand 2015 Aug 31;132(2):143-6. Epub 2015 Mar 31.

Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario Virgen De La Salud, Elda, Spain.

Objective: Although ocular side effects of topiramate are common, neuroophthalmologic manifestations such as blepharospasm, myokymia and oculogyric crisis are scarcely reported.

Methods: We present a serie of 8 patients with migraine who developed eyelid myokymia after treatment with topiramate. We reviewed all patients with migraine treated with topiramate attending the headache outpatient clinic of our hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. Read More

Brain Stimul 2013 May 2;6(3):463-5. Epub 2012 Nov 2.

Neurologia 2013 Apr 9;28(3):187-9. Epub 2011 Nov 9.

Orbit 2011 Dec 29;30(6):289-90. Epub 2011 Sep 29.

Division of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Department of Ophthalmology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA.

A 33-year-old otherwise healthy male presented with a week-long history of isolated right lower eyelid myokymia. Two weeks later, the patient's myokymia had progressed to include twitching of the right brow and right upper lip. Imaging revealed multiple demyelinating lesions consistent with multiple sclerosis. Read More

Surv Ophthalmol 2011 May-Jun;56(3):277-8; author reply 278

J Neuroophthalmol 2004 Dec;24(4):290-2

Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center (RB), Bronx, New York 10467, USA.

Background: Eyelid myokymia, unlike myokymia of the other facial muscles, is assumed to be a benign, self-limited disorder. However, no systematic follow-up study has been performed on patients with chronic, isolated eyelid myokymia to verify its benign nature.

Methods: Retrospective single-institution chart review of 15 patients examined between 1983 and 2002 with a diagnosis of isolated eyelid myokymia who have had at least 12 months of follow-up. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1996 Dec;7(6):48-52

Neurology Unit, Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal Hospital, Québec, Canada.

This review deals with a variety of disorders of facial movement. Recent publications on blepharospasm, facial spasm, facial myokymia, apraxia of lid opening and facial paralysis are referenced and discussed. In blepharospasm, carefully performed electromyographic studies reveal a variety of abnormal patterns of contraction of the oribicularis oculi and the levator palpebrae muscles confirming the clinical impression that blepharospasm is not a homogeneous disease. Read More

Neurology 1994 Jul;44(7):1302-8

Department of Neurology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan.

The gene locus for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) has been mapped to chromosome 14q by linkage analysis, mainly using a single large Japanese family. We studied the clinical and neuropathologic findings of this family with MJD, comparing them with those of spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (SCA1) and spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2) families. The pedigree included 30 affected persons in 125 members of five generations. Read More

Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis 1993 Sep;61(3):473-4

Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991 Sep;31(6):377-81

Department of Neurology, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, NY.

A 48 year old woman presented with a 5 year history of intermittent right eyelid twitching. Electromyography of the right lower eyelid revealed myokymic discharges. Blink reflex study revealed a contralateral R1 on stimulating the left, but not the right, supra-orbital nerve. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 1986 Nov;102(5):662-3

Am J Ophthalmol 1973 Jan;75(1):150-1

Am J Ophthalmol 1949 Jan;32(1):51-5