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Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019 Apr 20. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Elizabeth Garrett Anderson UCL Institute of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, 250 Euston Road, London, NW12PG.

Discordance between gonadal type and gender identity has often led to an assumption of infertility in patients with differences in sex development (DSD). However, there is now greater recognition of fertility being an important issue for this group of patients. Currently, gonadal tissue that may have fertility potential is not being stored for individuals with DSD and, where gonadectomy forms part of management, is often discarded. Read More

Endocrine 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Purpose: The high diagnostic performance of somatostatin receptor positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) in neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) was demonstrated by several articles. However, only some studies evaluated the detection rate (DR) of this imaging method in patients with metastatic NETs and unknown primary tumours (CUP-NETs). Therefore, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to add evidence-based data in this setting. Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019 May;98(5):416-421

From the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, MossRehab, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (BC); and Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Department, University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico (FS, WM).

Osteoarthritis is an age-related condition that commonly affects the middle-aged and elderly population including individuals who continue to pursue an active and athletic lifestyle. Running is an easily accessible activity with many health benefits; thus, it is becoming a popular form of exercise, even in older individuals. Studies evaluating the correlation between running and osteoarthritis show conflicting results; however, most studies show an increased risk of osteoarthritis in runners with a combination of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Read More

AJOB Empir Bioeth 2019 Apr 19:1-12. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

e School of Nursing , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA.

Background: As ongoing research explores the impact of moral distress on health care professionals (HCPs) and organizations and seeks to develop effective interventions, valid and reliable instruments to measure moral distress are needed. This article describes the development and testing of a revision of the widely used Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) to measure moral distress.

Methods: We revised the MDS-R by evaluating the combined data from 22 previous studies, assessing 301 write-in items and 209 root causes identified through moral distress consultation, and reviewing 14 recent publications from various professions in which root causes were described. Read More

Clin Transplant 2019 Apr 19:e13564. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

These updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice address the prevention and management of Clostridium difficile infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is among the most common hospital acquired infections. In SOT recipients the incidence of CDI varies by type and number or organs transplanted. Read More

BJU Int 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST), London, United Kingdom.

Objectives: There is conflicting data on the role of white blood cell count (WBC) and other inflammatory markers in spontaneous stone passage in patients with acute ureteric colic. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of WBC and other routinely collected inflammatory and clinical markers including stone size, stone position and Medically Expulsive Therapy use (MET) with spontaneous stone passage (SSP) in a large contemporary cohort of patients with acute ureteric colic.

Subjects And Methods: Multi-centre retrospective cohort study coordinated by the British Urology Researchers in Surgical Training (BURST) Research Collaborative at 71 secondary care hospitals across 4 countries (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand). Read More

BMC Palliat Care 2019 Apr 18;18(1):38. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Palliative and supportive care service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Avenue Pierre-Decker 5, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: The Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS) was developed for evaluating essential outcomes for palliative care patients. Our objectives here are to describe the process of a six-phase cross-cultural adaptation of IPOS to French (IPOS-Fr), highlight the difficulties encountered and strategies to solve them, and discuss the implications that adaptation may have on the validity and reliability of a questionnaire.

Methods: The adaptation of IPOS consisted of six phases: (i) literature review and interviews with target population; (ii) forward translation to French; (iii) backward translation to English; (iv) Expert Review; (v) cognitive interviews with target population; (vi) final review. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019 Apr 6;237:23-27. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

University Hospital Coventry, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, UK.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of Episcissors-60, which were designed to improve the accuracy of episiotomies, on the rate of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries.

Study Design: This review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42018094935). A literature search of the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed from inception to May 2018. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.

Importance: The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends ophthalmologic examinations for everyone with positive Candida blood culture results (candidemia) to screen for endophthalmitis, a practice that remains controversial because of multiple concerns for its limited usefulness and potential for harm.

Objective: To determine guideline efficacy by reconciling discrepancies in the incidence of endophthalmitis and evaluating outcomes of studies assessing ophthalmologic screening for candidemia.

Evidence Review: PubMed literature searches, including the search terms candidemia, fungemia, chorioretinitis, and endophthalmitis, identified longitudinal studies prior to 2018 of patients who underwent ophthalmologic evaluations in the setting of positive fungal blood culture results regardless of symptoms or clinical status. Read More

Invest Radiol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine.

Objectives: We aimed to meta-analytically compare the incidence of acute adverse reactions (AARs) to nonionic iodinated contrast media (ICM) according to the type of ICM in patients who underwent radiologic examinations with administration of ICM via intravascular route.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search identified studies evaluating the incidence of AARs to 7 nonionic ICM (iobitridol, iohexol, iomeprol, iopamidol, iopromide, ioversol, and iodixanol) with extractable outcomes. These outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model, and the effect of ICM type on the incidence of overall and severe AARs was evaluated using meta-regression analysis. Read More

Psychol Trauma 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

VA Center for Integrated Healthcare.

Objective: Treatment utilization among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is low. Understanding correlates and predictors of mental health care for veterans with PTSD is critical to facilitating treatment utilization. However, given the size of the literature base and disparate findings, it is difficult to interpret available research. Read More

Paediatr Child Health 2019 May 7;24(2):103-114. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.

The objective of this review was to assess the evidence on relaxation training for management of paediatric headaches. Our methodology was a rapid review of English-language peer reviewed published literature focused on studies evaluating relaxation training as a primary or adjunct management option for headache in a paediatric population (0 to 18 years of age). Seven studies involving 571 children were included in the review. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2019 Apr 16;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry (CISMa), University of Mons, UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium.

Several families of polymers possessing various end-groups are characterized by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS). A significant contribution of the end-groups to the ion collision cross section (CCS) is observed, although their role is neglected in current fitting models described in literature. Comparing polymers prepared from different synthetic procedures might thus, be misleading with the current theoretical treatments. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Apr 14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: Chordomas are slow-growing but locally invasive tumors. Standard of care consists of surgical resection and radiotherapy when complete resection is not possible. Current literature has reached equivocal results with regards to the effect of adding radiotherapy on patient survival. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Mar 11;65(3):460-468. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Radiology and Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (Icesp), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brasil.

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent primary malignant tumor from the central nervous system in adults. However, the presence of systemic metastasis is an extremely rare event. The objective of this study was to review the literature, evaluating the possible biological mechanisms related to the occurrence of systemic metastasis in patients diagnosed with GBM. Read More

J Gen Intern Med 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: To provide optimal care, medical students should understand that the social determinants of health (SDH) impact their patients' well-being. Those charged with teaching SDH to future physicians, however, face a paucity of curricular guidance.

Objective: This review's objective is to map key characteristics from publications about teaching SDH to students in undergraduate medical education (UME). Read More

Support Care Cancer 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

UCLH-UCL Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.

Background: Neutropenia is associated with an increased risk of mortality and hospitalisation. Strategies, including the prescribing of colony-stimulating growth factors (CSFs), are adopted when a high risk (> 20%) of neutropenic complications are seen in the clinical trial setting. With a diverse treatment population that may differ from the patient groups recruited to studies, appropriate prescribing decisions by clinicians are essential. Read More

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Nursing School of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: Exercise is a promising approach to improve the health of pregnant women. However, data from studies investigating exercise and the quality of life of pregnant women are inconsistent and, to date, no systematic review on this topic has been published. The aim of this review was to comprehensively assess the effects of exercise on pregnant women's quality of life, and to determine whether exercise positively affects quality of life in this population. Read More

Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019 Apr 16:1-9. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

a Department of Pathophysiology , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland.

Introduction: About 40% of patients with epilepsy are associated with drug-resistant seizures, therefore there has been a continuous search for novel treatment approaches. In experimental studies, natural and synthetic cannabimimetic compounds alone or combined with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been extensively studied and cannabidiol, a naturally occurring compound, has been involved in a number of clinical trials. Areas covered: The authors have performed a literature search (PubMed database up to December 2018) for studies evaluating interactions between AEDs and cannabinoid receptor ligands in experimental models of seizures. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2019 Apr 15;11(4). Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Scientific Guidance, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Viale Orazio Flacco, 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.

Despite that the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors on malignancies treatment is unprecedented, a lack of response to these molecules is observed in several cases. Differently from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, where the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors results in a high efficacy, the response rate in other tumors, such as gastrointestinal cancers, breast cancer, sarcomas, and part of genitourinary cancers remains low. The first strategy evaluated to improve the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors is the use of predictive factors for the response such as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden, and clinical features. Read More

J Radiol Prot 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Victoria, AUSTRALIA.

Nuclear medicine (NM) procedures for diagnosis and treatment of disease are performed routinely in hospitals throughout the world. These involve preparation and administration to patients of pharmaceuticals labelled with radioactive material. There is potential for incidents to occur, involving unintended exposures of patients or staff members, throughout all stages of a procedure. Read More

Clin Nephrol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Aims: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) via cyst progression. Elevated concentrations of ET-1 in ADPKD correlate with many phenotypic changes in the kidney such as renal cyst development, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis. In addition, an imbalance between renal ET and ET receptors possibly leads to more severe disease progression. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Apr 14;9(4):e028300. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Introduction: Assisted vaginal birth (AVB) can markedly improve maternal and neonatal outcomes arising from complications in the second stage of labour. Historically, both forceps and ventouse devices have been used to assist birth; however, they are not without risk and are associated with complications, such as cephalohaematoma, retinal haemorrhage and perineal trauma. As new devices are developed to overcome the limitations of existing techniques, it is necessary to establish their efficacy and effectiveness within randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Read More

BMC Surg 2019 Apr 15;19(1):38. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Background: We present a critical comparison of lobectomy and sub-lobar resection in elderly patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer using meta-analytical techniques.

Methods: A literature search was conducted between the period of December 1997 to March 2019 to identify the comparative studies evaluating 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated with either the fixed or random effect models, respectively. Read More

BMC Health Serv Res 2019 Apr 15;19(1):228. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.

Background: Commissioning is a term used in the English National Health Service (NHS) to refer to what most health systems call health planning or strategic purchasing. Drawing on research from a recent in-depth mixed methods study of a major integrated care initiative in North West London, we examine the role of commissioning in attempts to secure large-scale change within and between health and social care services to support the delivery of integrated care for people living with complex long-term conditions.

Methods: We analysed data collected in semi-structured interviews, surveys, workshops and non-participant observations using a thematic framework derived both deductively from the literature on commissioning and integrated care, as well as inductively from our coding and analysis of interview data. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Apr 4;16(7). Epub 2019 Apr 4.

UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.

Childhood obesity is of increasing concern in many parts of Africa. We conducted a systematic search and review of published literature on behavioural childhood obesity prevention interventions. A literature search identified peer-reviewed literature from seven databases, and unindexed African journals, including experimental studies targeting children age 2-18 years in African countries, published in any language since 1990. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019 Apr 2;16(7). Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

The migration of physicians from low-resource to high-resource settings is a prevalent global phenomenon that is insufficiently understood. Most low-income countries are severely understaffed with physicians, and the emigration of the already limited number of physicians to other countries can significantly reduce access to healthcare in the source country. Despite a growing interest in global capacity building in these countries by academic and non-governmental organizations in high-income countries, efforts to stem physician migration have been mostly unsuccessful. Read More

IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 2018 16;6(2):64-75. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

SantosHuman Inc.,

Digital human modeling (DHM) and simulation software has been identified as an effective tool for evaluating work tasks and design alternatives without requiring the expense of physical mock-ups and production trials. Despite recent commercial advancements and a broader availability of DHM platforms, the peer-reviewed scientific literature lacks sufficient demonstration of the application of DHM software within an occupational safety and health process for mitigating exposures to physical risk factors in a real work environment. We describe the implementation of a commercially-available DHM platform as a component of an occupational safety and health process in a manufacturing environment over the course of one year. Read More

J Biomed Inform 2019 Apr 12:103177. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.

Objectives: Treatment used in a randomized clinical trial is a critical data element both for physicians at the point of care and reviewers who are evaluating different interventions. Much of existing work on treatment extraction from the biomedical literature has focused on the extraction of pharmacological interventions. However, non-pharmacological interventions (e. Read More

Pediatr Ann 2019 Apr;48(4):e169-e174

Congenital lung malformations (CLM) comprise a spectrum of anatomical anomalies of the lungs and respiratory tree. The prenatal growth pattern of CLMs is unpredictable with larger lesions causing life-threatening complications, such as hydrops fetalis, and smaller lesions remaining asymptomatic and potentially regressing. The most common CLMs are congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformations, bronchopulmonary sequestrations, congenital lobar emphysema, and bronchogenic cysts. Read More

Crit Care Med 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Sinai Health System and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objectives: Cost-effectiveness analyses are increasingly used to aid decisions about resource allocation in healthcare; this practice is slow to translate into critical care. We sought to identify and summarize original cost-effectiveness studies presenting cost per quality-adjusted life year, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, or cost per life-year ratios for treatments used in ICUs.

Design: We conducted a systematic search of the English-language literature for cost-effectiveness analyses published from 1993 to 2018 in critical care. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2019 Mar-Apr;10(2):168-170

Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum (SCAP) is a hamartoma of apocrine sweat gland origin, occurring predominantly in children, in the head and neck region. SCAP can arise or coexist with both benign and malignant tumors. We report herein an extremely rare case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in SCAP growth located in unusual supragluteal region in an elderly Indian male. Read More

Balkan J Med Genet 2018 Dec 31;21(2):27-33. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborn infants and can lead to significant neonatal morbidities. Spontaneous preterm birth accounts for at least 50.0% of all preterm births. Read More

Zdr Varst 2019 Mar 26;58(2):91-100. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Poljanski nasip 58, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Background: The increase in the elderly population is causing changes and challenges that demand a comprehensive public health response. A specific characteristic of the elderly is their frailty. Today's problems with identifying levels of frailty are being resolved by numerous tools in the form of frailty assessment scales. Read More

J Indian Soc Periodontol 2019 Mar-Apr;23(2):93-99

Department of Periodontics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Currently, the leading theme in mucogingival surgery is the correction of gingival recession defects. Free gingival graft (FGG) has been successfully in use in this category of reconstructive therapeutic modality.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the literature with respect to efficacy of FGG in the management of Miller Class I and II localized gingival recessions. Read More

Platelets 2019 Apr 14:1-14. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

a Centre for Haemophilia and Thrombosis, Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy-related complication. Platelets are potentially important in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and platelet function analyses may prove as sensitive preeclampsia biomarkers. This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the literature on platelet function markers in preeclampsia. Read More

Int J Toxicol 2019 Apr 14:1091581819837904. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

3 Integral Consulting Inc, Fayetteville, NY, USA.

This article presents a supplemental data analysis and evaluation of the findings from an oral (gavage) combined developmental and perinatal/postnatal reproduction toxicity study of the ammonium salt of perfluorohexanoic acid (CASRN: 21615-47-4) in Crl: CD-1(ICR) mice. The original study has been cited as supporting a lowest-observed-adverse-effects level of 175 mg/kg/d and no-observed-adverse-effects level of 35 mg/kg/d for developmental effects from perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, CASRN: 307-24-4) in mice. The statistical analysis reported in 2014 was accurate in terms of quantifying statistical significance within phase 2 of the study. Read More

Hand (N Y) 2019 Apr 15:1558944719843635. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

2 Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Background: Opioid abuse is a major health concern in North America. Data have shown an alarming increase in opioid-related deaths and complications, which has shed light on current prescription practices across many specialties, including hand surgery. To that end, we sought to conduct a focused literature review to determine the available modalities to decrease postoperative pain and opioid consumption following upper-extremity nerve decompression procedures, taking advantage of the homogeneity and inherent pain pathways of this specific patient cohort. Read More

Neurotoxicology 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA.

Traditional approaches (e.g., neurobehavior, neuropathology) can detect alterations in apical endpoints indicative of developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Read More

Aust Endod J 2019 Apr;45(1):5-11

Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

The aim of this review is to discuss the requirements for effective irrigation of the root canal system and its role in treatment outcome. A review of the literature regarding irrigants, methods of irrigation and regimens was undertaken. It indicates that irrigation is comprised of a multitude of factors, and that effective irrigant delivery and agitation achieves mechanical, chemical and microbiological functions, which are prerequisites for obtaining a clean canal system. Read More

Risk Anal 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Insight Risk, LLC, Boulder, CO, USA.

Over time, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for human exposure and risk from asbestos in cosmetic-talc-containing consumer products. In 1985, the U.S. Read More

Int Orthod 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.

Background: Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) can be used to improve periodontal conditions and accelerate tooth movement.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare periodontal outcome and treatment duration of patients undergoing PAOO to accelerate orthodontic treatment.

Search Method: An electronic search was performed in four electronic databases including Pubmed, EBSCO Cochrane library, CINAHL Complete for randomized clinical trials till November 2017. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Apr 4;672:893-905. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Passo Fundo, São José Neighborhood, BR 285, Zip Code 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:

As the discussion surrounding sustainable remediation has advanced, numerous tools have been developed to evaluate the sustainability of remediation technologies, including life cycle assessment (LCA). In the present study, a systematic and bibliometric analysis of scientific articles indexed in the databases of Scopus and the Web of Science in the field of LCA was performed, particularly studies relating to the remediation of contaminated sites from a sustainability perspective. We selected a bibliographic portfolio (BP) of papers related to sustainable remediation using LCA. Read More

Med Health Care Philos 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin, Gartenstr. 47, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.

Theranostics or theragnostics are new terms which start to appear occasionally in publications from 2001 onwards, with a marked increase in references from 2011. In the last few years more than 1100 articles using this term were published each year. In 2011 the journal Theranostics was founded. Read More

Am J Epidemiol 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.

The regression discontinuity design (RDD), first proposed in the educational psychology literature and popularized in econometrics in the 1960s, has only recently been applied to epidemiologic research. A critical aim of infectious disease epidemiologists and global health researchers is to evaluate disease prevention and control strategies, including the impact of vaccines and vaccination programs. RDDs have very rarely been used in this context. Read More

Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019 Apr 8;101:78-84. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:

Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly associated with comorbidities, especially substance use disorders. In light of this, the present review aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical correlates of cannabis use in BD. Studies evaluating the prevalence of cannabis use among patients with BD and studies reporting a dichotomous sample of patients with cannabis use compared to those without the use were included. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Apr 11;4:CD013283. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Centre for Evidence-Based Practice (CEBaP), Belgian Red Cross, Motstraat 42, Mechelen, Belgium, 2800.

Background: Hypoglycaemia is a common occurrence in people with diabetes but can also result from an imbalance in glucose homeostasis in the absence of diabetes. The best enteral route for glucose administration for suspected hypoglycaemia in a first aid situation is unknown.

Objectives: To assess the effects of first aid glucose administration by any route appropriate for use by first-aid providers (buccal, sublingual, oral, rectal) for symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Read More

Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine.

Purpose Of Review: Despite human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching and monitoring for donor-specific HLA antibodies, antibody-mediated rejection and chronic rejection in the form of allograft vasculopathy and chronic graft dysfunction continue to occur. There has been increasing interest in non-HLA antibodies as mediators of these changes.

Recent Findings: In this review, we discuss the recent literature describing the importance of non-HLA antibodies in organ transplantation and summarize the literature evaluating such antibodies in heart transplantation. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

National Institute for Health and Welfare, Alcohol, Drugs and Addictions Unit, Helsinki.

Purpose Of Review: Only a few pharmacological treatments are available for treating alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and nalmefene is EMA-approved in European Union. Off-label medications, such as baclofen, gabapentin, ondansetron and topiramate are medications commonly prescribed for the treatment of AUD. Read More

Acad Med 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

E. Van Melle is senior education scientist, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. J.R. Frank is director, Specialty Education, Strategy and Standards, Office of Specialty Education, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. E. Holmboe is senior vice-president, Milestones Development and Evaluation, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois. D. Dagnone is competency-based medical education faculty lead, and associate professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. D. Stockley is professor and scholar in higher education, Office of the Vice-Provost (Teaching and Learning), Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. J. Sherbino is assistant dean, Program for Education Research and Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: The rapid adoption of competency-based medical education (CBME) provides an unprecedented opportunity to study implementation. Examining "fidelity of implementation," that is if CBME is being implemented as intended, is hampered however, by the lack of a common framework. This article details the development of such a framework. Read More