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J Med Case Rep 2019 Feb 12;13(1):32. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine of the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: Mycetoma is a neglected infectious disease caused by a fungus (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma); it is characterized by chronic local inflammation with sinus formation and purulent discharge. Its course can be quite devastating because of the difficulty in diagnosing the infection and in eliminating the causative agent. Although endemic in many countries in the tropics and subtropics, the migration of Africans to Europe may increase the presence of this neglected disease in European countries. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2019 Jan-Feb;94(1):29-36

Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Background: Diseases caused by melanized fungi include mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. This broad clinical spectrum depends on the dynamic interactions between etiologic agent and host. The immune status of the host influences on the development of the disease, as, an exemple. Read More

Trop Med Health 2019 14;47. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

2Gezira Mycetoma Center, Ministry of Health, Wad Medani, Gezira Sudan.

Background: In this study, we share our experience of different operative techniques undertaken on 584 eumycetoma patients in the Gezira Mycetoma Center.

Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, hospital-based study, conducted to review the surgical treatment of eumycetoma patients. We included all patients diagnosed with eumycetoma who underwent a surgical operation in the center during January 2013-December 2016. Read More

Infect Dis Rep 2018 Nov 12;10(3):7804. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Maluk Timor, Dili, Timor- Leste.

Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease with an unknown global burden. Although considered endemic to South-east Asia, it has not previously been reported from Timor-Lest. We describe two cases in Timor-Leste, highlighting the challenges surrounding microbiological diagnosis and management shared by many low to middle-income countries. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018 Dec 23. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

Departamento de Analises Clinicas, Toxicologicas e Bromatologicas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil. Electronic address:

Fusarium keratoplasticum and Fusarium moniliforme are filamentous fungi common in the environment and cause mycosis in both animals and plants. Human infections include mycetoma, keratitis and onychomycosis, while deeper mycosis occurs in immunocompromised patients. Most of the Fusarium spp. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Dec 18. Epub 2018 Dec 18.

Department of Research in Dermatology, Hospital ISSSTE Lic. Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico.

Background: Mycetoma is a chronic, localized infection caused by fungi and bacteria. It usually affects the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone of exposed areas with deformity of the affected limb, ulcers, and fistula; however, pain is not severe, therefore the patient comes late to hospital for care.

Objective: To establish the diagnosis of mycetoma in the foot by imaging and identify the principal radiological signs. Read More

Bioinform Biol Insights 2018 12;12:1177932218809703. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Department of Biotechnology, Africa City of Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

Background: Mycetoma is a distinct body tissue destructive and neglected tropical disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries. Mycetoma is caused by bacterial infections () such as and Nocardiae or true fungi () such as . Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 12 10;12(12):e0007019. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

The Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease endemic in tropical and subtropical countries, particularly Sudan. The disease is characterised by the triad of painless subcutaneous mass, multiple sinuses and discharge that contain grains. It is a chronic, debilitating disease most commonly affecting the feet or hands and leads to substantial morbidity, loss of function and even amputation. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2018 Nov 14;3(4). Epub 2018 Nov 14.

School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan.

Integration of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) into the public health agenda has been a priority in global health for the last decade. Because a number of these diseases share not only the geographical distribution, but also a common feature which is skin involvement, bringing together a sub-group of 'skin NTDs' is one way forward to promote further integration among NTDs. With these diseases, which include leprosy, Buruli ulcer, yaws, mycetoma, lymphatic filariasis, and leishmaniasis, patients may be left with life-long deformities and disabilities when diagnosis and treatment are delayed. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2018 Jul-Sep;36(3):447-449

Department of Medicine Unit V, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Botryomycosis is a chronic bacterial infection that manifests clinically as tumours or plaques that are often ulcerated and have discharging sinuses draining small white-coloured granules. Therefore, they closely mimic mycetoma or other fungal infections. It is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2018;30:131. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Military Hospital of Instruction Mohammed V, Department of Dermatology, Rabat, Morocco.

Vet Clin Pathol 2018 Dec 15;47(4):638-642. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia.

A 6-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat was presented to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital for a 3-year history of a nonhealing wound on the right tarsus. The wound temporarily resolved with medical management, but intermittently recurred when antimicrobials were discontinued. At presentation, the wound had become refractory to antimicrobial therapy. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2018 Jul - Sep;35(3):140-146. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.

Background: Fungal rhinosinusitis has become an increasingly recognized disease, being Aspergillus species responsible for most of the cases. Its diagnosis is quite difficult because of the non-specific symptoms and low sensitivity of the current diagnostic methods.

Aims: An Aspergillus-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using biopsy specimens taken from the maxillary sinuses was performed in order to assess its usefulness. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2018 Sep 4;3(3). Epub 2018 Sep 4.

The International Foundation for Dermatology, London W1P 5HQ, UK.

Mycetoma is a chronic infection, newly designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a neglected tropical disease, which is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. It follows implantation of infectious organisms, either fungi (eumycetomas) or filamentous bacteria (actinomycetomas) into subcutaneous tissue, from where infection spreads to involve skin, bone and subcutaneous sites, leading to both health related and socioeconomic problems. In common with other NTDs, mycetoma is most often seen in rural areas amongst the poorest of people who have less access to health care. Read More

J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2018 Nov/Dec;54(6):327-337. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (A.D., A.G., J.T.) and Department of Pathobiological Sciences (N.W-U.), Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Opportunistic fungal infections have long been recognized as rare causes of disease in immunocompetent dogs and cats. Recently, the escalating use of multiagent immunosuppression protocols (especially those that include cyclosporine) has resulted in an increased number of patients with opportunistic fungal infection encountered by small animal practitioners and has altered the typical case phenotype. Based on histologic and cytologic features such as pigmentation, hyphal diameter, and distribution in tissue, these opportunistic mycoses can be placed into categories such as phaeohyphomycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma. Read More

Cornea 2018 Dec;37(12):1590-1592

Cornea, Cataract, and Refractive Surgery Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To report an unusual case of isolated Acremonium eumycetoma presenting as a protuberant mass over the cornea.

Methods: Case report and literature review.

Results: A 55-year-old male patient referred to our center with a case of perforated corneal ulcer with uveal tissue prolapse was examined in the casualty department and found to have central melt, approximately 8 mm, along with suspected uveal tissue prolapse. Read More

Iran J Med Sci 2018 Sep;43(5):564-566

Metropolitan hospital Center, NY, USA.

Diagn Interv Radiol 2018 Sep;24(5):276-282

Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Purpose: We aimed to report approach, safety, technical success, and clinical outcomes of prone trans- radial access (PTRA) and demonstrate feasibility for procedures requiring simultaneous arterial intervention and prone percutaneous access.

Methods: Fifteen patients underwent PTRA, seven females (47%) and eight males (53%), mean age of 55 years (range, 19-78 years). All patients underwent PTRA for combined transarterial and posterior-approach percutaneous interventions. Read More

Infect Disord Drug Targets 2018 Sep 12. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah, University. Saudi Arabia.

Background: Infections caused by nocardiae are rare, but misguided to clinicians, especially if there is a delay in the diagnosis and/or low response to chemotherapy. The incidence of nocardiosis is increasing constantly worldwide, and the situation is getting worse if we consider immunocompromised individuals, such as HIV positive patients since they are at higher risk. Surgical amputation, although not common, but should be considered as a result in some cases that cause partial disability. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2018 Aug 29;11(1):621. Epub 2018 Aug 29.

Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Objectives: Renal transplantation procedure markedly increased over the past few decades. The risk of harboring parasitic diseases may affect transplant recipients during life expectancy. We aimed in this study to determine the enteroparasitosis frequency among renal transplant recipients in Khartoum state, Sudan. Read More

J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2018 Jul;108(4):334-339

Mycetoma cases are predominantly found in tropical regions and are a rare finding in the United States. These masses that are fungal or bacterial in origin can result in significant destruction of soft tissue and bone. We present a case of a patient who emigrated from Mexico to Indianapolis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 27;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018 Aug 10;17(1):35. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

Background: Mycetoma is a chronic mutilating disease of the skin and the underlying tissues caused by fungi or bacteria. Although recently included in the list of neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization, strategic control and preventive measures are yet to be outlined. Thus, it continues to pose huge public health threat in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Jul 31. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Erasmus MC Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The neglected tropical disease mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory and infectious disease affecting various body parts. The most common causative agent is the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. In order to study the genetic diversity of this fungus and to monitor any potential outbreaks, a good typing method that can be used in endemic settings is needed. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2018 May;10(5):2890-2897

Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Background: A plethora of new biomaterials and dedicated rib fixator implant systems have been introduced into the field of chest wall reconstruction. The aim of our study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of a novel combination of the anatomically contoured titanium rib implant and porcine dermal collagen patch for chest wall reconstruction.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of eight consecutive patients who underwent chest wall resection and reconstruction between January 2014 to August 2015 in a single institution. Read More

JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep 2018 Jul;16(7):1519-1536

Afya Research Africa (ARA): a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence.

Review Question/objective: The objective of this review was to determine the best available evidence on the most effective treatment of Madura foot.

Introduction: Madura foot or mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous soft-tissue infection that is endemic to several regions of Africa and Asia. It may be of fungal (eumycetoma) or bacterial (actinomycetoma) origin, warranting therapy with either antifungal or antibacterial medication as well as surgery. Read More

Infez Med 2018 Jun;26(2):167-170

Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Mycetoma (or "madura foot") is characterized by deformation, cutaneous lesions, infection of tissues extending from the cutaneous layer to the underlying fascia, and an indolent course. A number of fungal or bacterial agents that are introduced through traumatic inoculation can be responsible for the disease, but Actinomadura madurae is among the most common agents of mycetoma occurring worldwide. We report a case of madura foot caused by A. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 09 19;57(9):e64-e65. Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Maulana Azad Medical College.

J Postgrad Med 2018 Jul-Sep;64(3):174-176

Department of Skin and VD, Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India.

Atypical presentations of cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) are not uncommon and are frequently overlooked in clinical practice, leading to late diagnosis and increased morbidity. Strong clinical suspicion, histopathology, and response to antituberculous treatment are required for its diagnosis. In today's era, when TB threatens to burst into pandemics again, early diagnosis and treatment are very important for the control of disease. Read More

Int Wound J 2018 Oct 4;15(5):851-852. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Department of Microbiology, MIMSR Medical College, Latur, India.

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 Mar 28;44(2):123-129. Epub 2018 May 28.

Department of Dermatology, Kaya Skin Clinic, Chandigarh, India.

Mycetoma caused by either filamentous fungi (eumycotic) or bacteria (actinomycotic) has recently been recognized by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease. Although mycetoma is preventable and treatable, especially in the early stages, it carries high morbidity and a huge socioeconomic burden. Skin and subcutaneous tissue is affected, with a classic presentation of hard woody swellings, discharging sinuses and presence of grains (containing the causative organism). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 22;2018. Epub 2018 May 22.

Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

A 58-year-old agricultural worker from a remote Western province farming community in Saudi Arabia presented with a 2-year history of right plantar foot soft tissue mass. According to the patient, the swelling had gradually increased in size over a few years, but it was painless and thus had not restricted him from continuing to farm until the lesion started to affect mobility. An MRI, microbiology and histopathology reported a rare infectious agent- spp, otherwise referred to as Madura foot. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 05 10;12(5):e0006391. Epub 2018 May 10.

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sennar University, Sennar, Sudan.

Mycetoma, one of the badly neglected tropical diseases, it is a localised chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease characterised by painless subcutaneous mass and formation of multiple sinuses that produce purulent discharge and grains. If untreated early and appropriately, it usually spread to affect the deep structures and bone resulting in massive damage, deformities and disabilities. It can also spread via the lymphatics and blood leading to distant secondary satellites associated with high morbidity and mortality. Read More

Dermatopathology (Basel) 2018 Jan-Mar;5(1):6-9. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Curr Med Mycol 2017 Sep;3(3):5-9

Sinus and Surgical Endoscopic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Background And Purpose: Rhinosinusitis is a common disorder, influencing approximately 20% of the population at some time of their lives. It was recognized and reported with expanding recurrence over the past two decades worldwide. Undoubtedly, correct diagnosis of fungi in patients with fungal rhinosinusitis affects the treatment planning and prognosis of the patients. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 04 26;12(4):e0006437. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Eumycetoma is a chronic infectious disease characterized by a large subcutaneous mass, often caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis. A combination of surgery and prolonged medication is needed to treat this infection with a success rate of only 30%. There is, therefore, an urgent need to find more effective drugs for the treatment of this disease. Read More

Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018 Apr 5;51(2):138-141. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Department of Pathology, University of Health Sciences Dr Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Medical Practice and Research Center.

Herein, we describe the case of a 67-year-old female patient who presented with cough and haemoptysis. Chest computed tomography revealed destruction of the left lower lobe and multiple fungus balls in a bronchiectatic cavity. A left lower lobectomy was performed via thoracotomy. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Jan-Feb;93(1):8-18

Dermatologic Surgery Clinic and Vitiligo Clinic of the Regional Hospital of Asa Norte (HRAN) - Brasília (FD), Brazil.

Mycetoma is a chronic suppurative disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by a symptomatic triad: tumor, fistulas and grains. It can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma), with similar clinical features. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and identification of the etiological agents in the tissue, by mycological/bacteriological, histopathological and immunohistochemical tests. Read More

Mycopathologia 2018 Dec 20;183(6):961-965. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Department of Pathology, University Teaching Hospital of Lomé, Lomé, Togo.

Background: Mycetoma is a chronic inflammatory process caused either by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). In this retrospective study, we report epidemiologic and histopathological data of mycetoma observed in the Lome Hospital, Togo in a 25-year period (1992-2016).

Methodology: This is a retrospective study, over a period of 25 years, to analyze epidemiological and etiological findings of mycetomas seen in the single laboratory of pathological anatomy of the Lomé, Togo. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2018 Mar 10;22:6-12. Epub 2017 Oct 10.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

is an aerobic, Gram-positive and nonmotile bacterium. It was first isolated in 1941 from the mycetoma and ovaries of the bedbug. The primary strains were named and and are different from the Collins , 1988 classification of the new genus. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 May;29(3):e304-e307

Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital.

Sinus fungal ball is defined as noninvasive chronic rhino-sinusitis with a clump of mold in the paranasal sinuses, typically affecting the maxillary sinus. Fairly good outcomes of endoscopic surgery have been reported where the ball is removed through the antrostomy. However, the affected sinus tends to have a smaller cavity and thicker bony walls. Read More

Gac Med Mex 2017;153(7):841-851

Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica. Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México, México.

The eumycetoma is a severely debilitating chronic progressive fungal cutaneous infection. Classic clinical triad is characterized by painless subcutaneous mass, sinus tracts formation and sero-purulent discharge that contain aggregates of fungal hyphae called grains. Any part of the body can have affected, with extension to muscular or bone, even visceral compromised. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 May 5;57(5):580-582. Epub 2018 Feb 5.

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria Nocardia Laboratory, Tyler, USA.

Background: Actinomycetoma caused by Nocardia usually responds well to antibiotics. Emerging species of Nocardia, such as N. wallacei, can be a therapeutic challenge. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Jan 18;4(1):33-35. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Department of Dermatology, New York Medical College, New York, New York.

J Clin Microbiol 2018 03 22;56(3). Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico

Mycetoma, a chronic and mutilating subcutaneous infection recognized by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease, has been reported in >25 countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. In Latin America, is assumed to be the prevalent fungal agent. Recent molecular studies have shown that this is an environmental saprobe in Europe, where it is rarely implicated in human diseases. Read More

Radiology 2018 01;286(1):353-359

From the Departments of Radiodiagnosis (Z.N., N.M.), Plastic Surgery (A.B.), and Microbiology (R.S.K.M.), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 226014.

History A 21-year-old man presented with swelling of the medial aspect of the left thigh of 1-month duration. There was no history of fever or penetrating injury in the left thigh. The patient had undergone renal transplantation 7 years earlier and had been taking immunosuppressants since transplantation. Read More

Persoonia 2017 Jun 2;38:1-19. Epub 2016 Aug 2.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Beijing, P.R. China.

as defined by its type species is a genus of , and a member of the group known as 'black yeasts and relatives'. has been reported from mutilating human infections such as chromoblastomycosis, disseminated phaeohyphomycosis and mycetoma, while morphologically similar fungi are rather commonly isolated from the environment. Phenotypes are insufficient for correct species identification, and molecular data have revealed significant genetic variation within the complex of species currently identified as or . Read More

Lung 2018 02 15;196(1):1-10. Epub 2017 Nov 15.

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Thomaz Cameron, 438, Valparaiso, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, CEP, 25685-120, Brazil.

Aspergilloma, also known as mycetoma or fungus ball, is characterized by a round or oval mass with soft-tissue attenuation within a preexisting lung cavity. The typical computed tomography (CT) aspect of an aspergilloma is a mass separated from the wall of the cavity by an airspace of variable size and shape, resulting in the air crescent sign, also known as the meniscus sign. This CT feature is non-specific and can be simulated by several other entities that result in intracavitary masses. Read More

J Mycol Med 2017 Dec 6;27(4):577-581. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110095, India; Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Identification of dematiaceous fungi responsible for black-grain mycetoma has remained cumbersome and time consuming for years leading to delayed diagnosis and thereby increased agony to patients. Moreover, difficult morphology of some of these fungi demanding enough expertise for species identification in addition to culture-negativity has often led to misdiagnosis and hence inapt treatment to the patients. We report the identification of Madurella mycetomatis from culture-negative black granules discharged from foot nodular lesions of a 27 years old male using PCR followed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. Read More