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Heart Vessels 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, JR Hiroshima Hospital, 3-1-36 Futabanosato, Higashi-ku, Hiroshima, 732-0057, Japan.

It is well known that patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) experience GERD-related chest pain, but little is known about the relationship between GERD and coronary artery disease (CAD). We evaluated medical history of GERD in patients with suspected CAD and its association with types of CAD. We enrolled 236 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG). Read More

J Gastroenterol 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Integrative Center of Internal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.

Background: Esophageal motility abnormalities (EMAs) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are often seen in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) could be associated with ILDs, but it is not fully understood if ILDs are caused by GERD or SSc itself.

Methods: A total of 109 patients with SSc who underwent high-resolution manometry were enrolled. Read More

Cir Esp 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, EE. UU.

Dig Dis Sci 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, 30 Courtenay Drive, Suite 249, MSC 702, Charleston, SC, 29425-2900, USA.

Background: Due to its smooth muscle relaxing properties, peppermint oil (PO) may relieve dysphagia and chest pain due to esophageal motility disorders.

Aim: To explore the impact of PO on dysphagia and/or chest pain in patients referred for motility testing.

Methods: Patients initiated on PO for dysphagia and/or chest pain from 2013 to 2016 were identified. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2019 Feb 11;49(1):258-264. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Background/aim: We aimed to compare the effectivity of percutaneous disc coagulation therapy (PDCT) and navigable ablation decompression treatment (L-DISQ) in patients who were diagnosed with cervical disc herniation.

Materials And Methods: Visual analog scale (VAS) and Neck Pain Index (NPI) scores were recorded initially and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months after the procedures. Patient Satisfaction Scale (PSS) scores were recorded 12 months after the procedures

Results: Mean VAS scores were 7. Read More

Ter Arkh 2018 May;90(5):93-100

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.

Aim: To present application of Chicago classification criteria of esophageal motility disorders defined in high resolution manometry in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: High-resolution manometry is the most exact hi-tech diagnostic method for esophageal motor function disorders according to Chicago classification v3.0. Read More

Acta Med Okayama 2018 Dec;72(6):595-600

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558,

The indications for peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) have been expanded to include diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). A 67-year-old Japanese man presented with a 4-year history of dysphagia. Endoscopy and upper gastrography revealed abnormal peristaltic movements involving interruption of normal peristalsis, and a diverticulum located at the 2 o'clock esophageal position. Read More

J Surg Res 2018 12 8;232:587-594. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.

Background: In North America, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disorder ranges from 18.1% to 27.8%. Read More

Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2019 Mar - Apr;54(2):120-121. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.

Z Gastroenterol 2018 Nov 8;56(11):1337-1342. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany.

Background: Noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) is recurrent angina pectoris-like pain without evidence of coronary heart disease in conventional diagnostic evaluation. In gastroenterology, managing of patients with NCCP is ambiguous to detect gastroesophageal reflux and hypercontractile esophageal motility disorders. Recently, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) was established as treatment option in achalasia. Read More

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019 ;19(2):230-231

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.

Background: Dysphagia affects one in twenty-five adults yearly in the United States.

Objective: While dysphagia may be common, the prevalence of dysphagia may be underestimated primarily due to under-reporting. Dysphagia may be caused by intraluminal, intrinsic, extrinsic, or motility disorders. Read More

J Gastrointest Surg 2019 Jan 4;23(1):36-42. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986246 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6246, USA.

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal dysmotility are often disqualifying criteria for fundoplication due to dysphagia complications. A tailored partial fundoplication may improve GERD in patients with severe esophageal motility disorders. We evaluate this approach on GERD improvement in non-achalasia esophageal dysmotility patients. Read More

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 Dec;26(6):375-381

Department of Otolaryngology.

Purpose Of Review: The article reviews the effects of cervical osteophytosis and spine posture on swallowing, and how they can cause dysphagia.

Recent Findings: Cerivical osteophytosis which is a bony overgrowth of the cervical spines, it affects the swallowing through different mechanisms, including direct mechanical compression of the pharynx and esophagus, disturbances of normal epiglottic tilt over the inlet of the larynx by the osteophytes at C3-C4 level, inflammatory reactions in the tissues around the esophagus and cricopharyngeal spasm. Also, cervical spine posture in normal individuals could affect the swallowing mechanism by disturbance of the sphincteric action of the larynx and upper esophageal sphincter. Read More

Surg Endosc 2018 Sep 19. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery Division, The Oregon Clinic, 3805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.

Background: Optimal treatment for symptomatic patients with non-achalasia motility disorders (NAD) such as diffuse esophageal spasm, esophagogastric junction outlet obstruction, and hypercontractile disorder is not well established. POEM has been offered to these patients since it is a less invasive and less morbid procedure but long-term outcomes remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes of POEM for patients with NAD. Read More

Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2018 7;2018:9720243. Epub 2018 Aug 7.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

Background: High-resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) is the test of choice to diagnose esophageal motility disorders and is particularly useful for identifying achalasia subtypes, which often guide therapy. HRiM is typically performed without sedation in the office setting. However, a substantial number of patients fail this approach. Read More

Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2018 Aug 2;6(3):177-183. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Diseases and Surgical Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is the diagnostic test of choice for evaluation of non-obstructive dysphagia. Studies regarding the predictors of esophageal dysmotility are limited. Therefore, our aim was to study the prevalence of and factors associated with esophageal motility disorders in patients with non-obstructive dysphagia. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Aug 23;19:998-1003. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebagsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

BACKGROUND The esophagus can be affected by a variety of disorders that may be primary or secondary to another pathologic process, but the resulting symptoms are usually not pathognomonic for a specific problem, making diagnosis and further management somewhat challenging. High resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) has established itself as a valuable tool in evaluating esophageal motility disorder. HRiM is superior in comparison with conventional water perfused manometric recordings in delineating and tracking the movement of functionally defined contractile elements of the esophagus and its sphincters, and in distinguishing the luminal pressurization of spastic esophageal contraction from a trapped bolus. Read More

Endosc Int Open 2018 Aug 10;6(8):E1031-E1036. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

Background And Study Aims : The efficacy of per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) in non-achalasia esophageal motility disorders such as esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO), diffuse esophageal spasm (DES), and jackhammer esophagus (JE) has not been well demonstrated. The aim of this international multicenter study was to assess clinical outcomes of POEM in patients with non-achalasia disorders, namely DES, JE, and EGJOO, in a large cohort of patients.

Patients And Methods : This was a retrospective study at 11 centers. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2018 Aug 6;20(9):42. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Purpose Of Review: This review addresses the similarities and differences between the spastic esophageal disorders, including jackhammer esophagus, distal esophageal spasm (DES), and type III (spastic) achalasia. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of each separate disorder are discussed herein, with an emphasis on overlapping and discordant features.

Recent Findings: The Chicago Classification is a hierarchical organizational scheme for esophageal motility disorders, currently in its third iteration, with direct impact on the definitions of these three disorders. Read More

BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2018 25;5(1):e000210. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Stanford Esophageal Multi-disciplinary Program in Innovative Research Excellence (SEMPIRE), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.

Background: The Chicago Classification (CC) defines oesophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) as the presence of an elevated integrated residual pressure (IRP) together with preserved oesophageal body peristalsis but its clinical significance is evolving.

Aims: To describe the clinical and manometric characteristics in patients with EGJOO and propose a new classification.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with functional oesophageal symptoms underwent clinical and endoscopic assessment and oesophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM). Read More

Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2018 Apr-Jun;81(2):295-304

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Diagnostic criteria for esophageal motor disorders have recently been updated with the advent of high-resolution manometry that gives a precise mapping of peristaltic abnormalities and an indirect view of bolus transit problems. Achalasia, the best-defined motor disorder, is now divided in subsets of manometric phenotypes that predict outcome of treatment and guide our therapeutic approach. Pharmacological therapy using smooth muscle relaxants for spastic esophageal disorders remains poorly effective and used only as a bridge to more effective therapies : endoscopic balloon dilation and surgical myotomy are both effective therapies in achalasia, myotomy being considered as the preferred approach in children because it is aimed to be definitive, while dilations usually have to be repeated. Read More

Visc Med 2018 Apr 12;34(2):92-96. Epub 2018 Apr 12.

Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology, Neurogastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Medicine, HELIOS-Clinic Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.

Background: Non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) is recurrent angina pectoris-like pain without evidence of coronary heart disease in conventional diagnostic evaluation. The prevalence of NCCP is up to 70% and may be detected (in this order) at all levels of the medical health care system (general practitioner, emergency department, chest pain unit, coronary care). Reduction of quality of life due to NCCP is comparable, and partially even higher, to that caused by cardiac chest pain. Read More

Digestion 2018 5;98(3):153-160. Epub 2018 Jun 5.

Department of Gastroenterology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Background/aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal cancer is sometimes extensive, and in our experience, patients not infrequently present with dysphagia after ESD even in the absence of esophageal stricture. The aim of this study was to evaluate esophageal motility using high-resolution manometry (HRM) in patients with and without dysphagia after extensive circumferential ESD.

Methods: HRM was performed in a total of 52 patients who had undergone ESD for superficial esophageal cancer and a mucosal defect after ESD exceeded more than two-thirds of the esophageal circumference. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 06 30;53(6):643-649. Epub 2018 May 30.

c Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute , Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland , OH , USA.

Background: Patients with non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) are referred for esophageal motility testing and pH monitoring since gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal motility disorders are frequently encountered in these patients. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and distribution of these disorders and to identify predictors of abnormal esophageal function testing.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of NCCP patients who presented after a negative cardiac evaluation and underwent esophageal manometry, esophageal pH monitoring and upper endoscopy from January 2010 to January 2017. Read More

Digestion 2018 26;98(2):95-103. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Background And Aim: Although basic research has shown that certain cytokines affect gastrointestinal motility, the clinical evidence is lacking. The objective of this study was to explore the association between mucosally expressed cytokines and the esophageal motility function in humans.

Methods: We enrolled a total of 57 patients with suspected esophageal motility disorders (EMDs) who underwent high-resolution manometry. Read More

Acta Med Okayama 2018 Apr;72(2):99-104

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558,

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for treatment of esophageal motility disorders has recently been reported to be highly effective and less invasive than other treatment. POEM was recently introduced in Okayama University Hospital under the supervision of a physician from a high-volume center. To verify the safety and efficacy of POEM during its introduction in our institution. Read More

Am J Med 2018 Sep 29;131(9):1034-1040. Epub 2018 Mar 29.

Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

Distal esophageal spasm is a rare motility disorder presenting principally with nonobstructive dysphagia and noncardiac chest pain. In symptomatic patients, the manometric diagnosis is made when >10% of the wet swallows have simultaneous and/or premature contractions intermixed with normal peristalsis. We characterize manometry and barium as complementary diagnostic approaches, and given the intermittent nature of the disorder, one should be always aware that it is almost impossible to rule out spasm. Read More

Gastroenterology 2018 May 15;154(7):1901-1910. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

The Oregon Clinic, Portland, Oregon; Institute for Image Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an advanced endoscopic procedure classically performed for the treatment of achalasia. The procedure is based on principles of submucosal endoscopy and is composed of a mucosal incision, submucosal tunneling, myotomy, and mucosal closure. Multiple published studies that collectively include more than 6000 patients reported clinical success in more than 80% to 90% of patients. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2018 Jun;110(6):344-351

Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre.

Background: lung transplantation (LTx) is a viable option for most patients with end-stage lung diseases. Esophageal motor disorders (EMD) are frequent in candidates for LTx, but there is very little data about changes in esophageal motility post-LTx.

Aim: the aim of our study was to assess esophageal motor disorders by high resolution manometry (HRM) both pre-LTx and six months post-LTx in patients with and without organ rejection. Read More

Clin Endosc 2018 Jan 31;51(1):13-18. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been established as an optional treatment for achalasia. POEM is an endoluminal procedure that involves dissection of esophageal muscle fibers followed by submucosal tunneling. Inoue first attempted to use POEM for the treatment of achalasia in humans. Read More

Scand J Gastroenterol 2018 Mar 17;53(3):252-255. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

a Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.

Objective: Distal esophageal spasm (DES) is a rare motility disorder characterized by premature and rapidly propagated contractions of the distal esophagus. Treatment options are limited and often poorly effective. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) seems an effective and attractive new treatment option for DES. Read More

J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018 Jan;24(1):58-69

Clinical Trial Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Background/aims: Although high-resolution manometry (HRM) has the advantage of visual intuitiveness, its diagnostic validity remains under debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HRM for esophageal motility disorders.

Methods: Six staff members and 8 trainees were recruited for the study. Read More

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018 02 12;158(2):323-330. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

1 Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Objectives Dysphagia is common in total laryngectomees, with some symptoms suggesting esophageal dysmotility. Tracheoesophageal (TE) phonation requires effective esophagopharyngeal air passage. Hence, esophageal dysmotility may affect deglutition or TE phonation. Read More

Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2017 Jul-Dec;7(2):117-121. Epub 2017 Sep 29.

Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Aims And Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affects mental state and social activities. On the contrary, mental disorders may also play a crucial role in GERD symptoms. The purpose of the study was to analyze the data of Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire from patients with persisting GERD and to explore the impact of psychological factors on them. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018 Apr 16;30(4):e13252. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Background: In achalasia, muscle spasm may involve the proximal esophagus. When the muscle spasm is located in the proximal esophagus, conventional per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) may not be sufficient to relieve symptoms. In this paper, we describe retrograde endoscopic myotomy (REM) as a novel approach to perform myotomy of the proximal esophagus, with the application of a navigation tool for anatomical guidance during REM. Read More

Am J Med 2018 Feb 21;131(2):e45. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Mitoyo General Hospital, Kanonji-city, Kagawa, Japan. Electronic address:

Dis Esophagus 2017 Dec;30(12):1-6

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah School of Medicine.

To determine trends in the diagnostic distribution of esophageal motility disorders after implementation of the Chicago Classification Version 3.0 (CC V3.0) for interpretation of high-resolution manometry (HRM) studies compared to non-Chicago Classification criteria. Read More

Dis Esophagus 2017 Dec;30(12):1-6

Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

The classic manometric findings in systemic sclerosis are aperistalsis of the esophageal body with hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter. These changes contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease in these patients. With widespread use of high-resolution esophageal manometry, diverse abnormalities are seen. Read More

Dis Esophagus 2017 Oct;30(10):1-4

Currently, the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders is in part based upon a hierarchical algorithm in which abnormalities of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is prioritized. An important metric in evaluating the EGJ is the integrated relaxation pressure (IRP). Patients who do not have achalasia but are found to have an elevated IRP are diagnosed with EGJ outflow obstruction. Read More

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017 Nov 23;44:33-37. Epub 2017 Aug 23.

The Parkinson's Institute and Clinical Center, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.

Background: Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as dysphagia, postprandial bloating, and defecatory straining are common in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and they impact quality of life. Endoscopic botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection has been used in the treatment of dysphagia, gastroparesis and chronic anismus.

Aims: To examine the feasibility, safety and efficacy of endoscopically delivered BoNT injection to distal esophagus, pylorus or anal canal aiming at relieving regional gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with PD. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Sep;32(9):1536

Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Clin J Gastroenterol 2017 Oct 29;10(5):442-446. Epub 2017 Jul 29.

Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.

Distal esophageal spasm (DES) is a primary esophageal motility disorder. We encountered a rare case of DES accompanied by multiple esophageal diverticula. A 72-year-old woman complained of prolonged dysphagia and chest pain. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2017 Aug;19(8):37

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Purpose Of Review: High-resolution manometry (HRM) is increasingly performed worldwide, to study esophageal motility. The Chicago classification is subsequently applied to interpret the manometric findings and facilitate a diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders. This review will discuss new insights regarding the diagnosis and management using the Chicago classification. Read More

Endosc Int Open 2017 Jul 6;5(7):E663-E669. Epub 2017 Jul 6.

Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.

Background And Study Aims : Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an evolving new treatment strategy for achalasia. Although several kinds of electrosurgical knives have been used in performing POEM, the best device has yet to be determined. The FlushKnife BT is a waterjet-emitting short needle-knife with a small ball tip (BT) that offers the potential to perform all aspects of POEM with a single device. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2017 Jun 30;18(7). Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Department of Medicine and Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

The best-defined primary esophageal motor disorder is achalasia. However, symptoms such as dysphagia, regurgitation and chest pain can be caused by other esophageal motility disorders. The Chicago classification introduced new manometric parameters and better defined esophageal motility disorders. Read More

Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2017 08;109(8):578-586

Aparato Digestivo, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, España.

Introduction: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been performed since 2008 on more than 5,000 patients. It has proven to be highly effective in the treatment of achalasia and has shown promising outcomes for other esophageal motility spastic disorders.

Methods: A literature review of the efficacy of POEM compared to the previous invasive treatments for different esophageal motility disorders was performed. Read More

Indian J Gastroenterol 2017 May 8;36(3):202-208. Epub 2017 Jun 8.

Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Near Rose Garden, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, Ludhiana, 141 001, India.

Background: Data on the spectrum of esophageal motility disorders in Indian population are scarce. We aimed to study the symptomatic and manometric profile of patients with suspected esophageal motility disorders.

Methods: Consecutive patients with esophageal symptoms who underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) from January 2010 to December 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis of prospectively acquired data. Read More

Intern Med 2017 1;56(11):1447. Epub 2017 Jun 1.

Department of Internal Medicine, Imari Arita Kyoritsu Hospital, Japan.

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017 Jun 9;29(6). Epub 2017 Apr 9.

Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Background: Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is characterized by impaired EGJ relaxation with intact or weak peristalsis. Our aims were to evaluate: (i) prevalence, (ii) yield of fluoroscopy, endoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), (iii) outcomes, and (iv) whether this data differed based on quantitative EGJ relaxation.

Methods: Studies that met criteria for EGJOO were identified. Read More