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Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(49):e13191

Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, Genova.

Rationale: Spontaneous esophageal rupture (Boerhaave syndrome) is a rare, though frequently fatal, event. It is generally caused by a sudden increase in pressure inside the esophagus. In some cases, full-thickness perforations of the esophagus may develop from previous lesions that initially involve only the esophageal mucosa (Mallory-Weiss syndrome) and which, following further triggering events, give rise to a transmural lesion. Read More

J Small Anim Pract 2015 Sep 19;56(9):581-4. Epub 2015 Feb 19.

Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety Milan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.

An 11-year-old female cat presented for chronic vomiting. Endoscopy revealed an altered gastric mucosa and spontaneous formation of linear gastric tears during normal organ insufflations. The histopathological diagnosis was atrophic gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection. Read More

Hepatogastroenterology 2012 May;59(115):745-6

Department of Surgery II, Oita University, Oita, Japan.

Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave's syndrome) is a critical disease. Most patients should undergo surgery for primary closure and drainage of the mediastinum and thorax. We treated a total of 7 cases of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus between December 2000 and August 2007. Read More

J Clin Gastroenterol 1999 Dec;29(4):306-17

Department of Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Esophageal perforations, Mallory-Weiss tears, and esophageal hematoma involve traumatic injury to the esophagus. These can be iatrogenic, in particular due to esophageal instrumentation, but can also occur spontaneously. The remarkable increase in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy as well as esophageal surgery has made instrumentation the most common cause of esophageal perforation. Read More

Am Surg 1992 Feb;58(2):112-9

Louisiana State University, Shreveport.

Esophageal perforation remains a difficult diagnostic and management problem. Recommendations regarding treatment remain controversial. A 15-year experience with perforation of the esophagus from all causes was reviewed at Louisiana State University and Veterans Administration, Medical Centers (Shreveport, LA). Read More

Med J Aust 1989 Mar;150(5):246-52

Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston.

Oesophageal ruptures or tears carry a high mortality if they are not recognized and if therapy is delayed. This is so particularly for cases of spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus which carry a higher mortality and morbidity than do cases of iatrogenic injuries. With the widespread use of fibreoptic oesophagogastroscopy, which has been accompanied by the therapeutic manipulation of strictures and tumours, the number of iatrogenic perforations has increased substantially. Read More

Clin Radiol 1989 Jan;40(1):53-7

Department of Radiology, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, S. Glamorgan, UK.

Fifty-eight contrast studies of the oesophagus, performed in patients shortly after balloon dilatation for the treatment of achalasia, were reviewed for evidence of perforation. Forty-nine examinations (85%) were normal and nine studies (15%) were abnormal. Three main radiological patterns were observed. Read More

Ann Surg 1981 Jun;193(6):763-8

Spontaneous linear tears in the stomach of the newborn infant can be lethal. While the etiology of this problem is unknown, pneumatic rupture of the stomach seems to be the most logical explanation for the gastric tear. The mechanism is much like Boerhaave's syndrome, the stomach being the target organ. Read More

Chirurgie 1970 ;96(10):689-705