Int J STD AIDS 2014 Aug 14;25(9):615-26. Epub 2014 May 14.

Department of Dermatology, Havenziekenhuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Balanoposthitis can be caused by a disparate range of conditions affecting the penile skin. This guideline concentrates on a selected group of conditions and offers recommendations on the diagnostic tests and treatment regimens needed for the effective management of balanoposthitis. Read More

Urologe A 2010 Mar;49(3):392-5

Urologische Klinik und Institut für Pathologie, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Universitätsklinikum, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 50072 Aachen.

Background: Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat are intraepidermal neoplasias (carcinoma in situ) and are considered as preinvasive types of penile squamous cell carcinoma. The risk of progression to invasive cancer is low and such a process can last up to 20 years.

Material And Method: Penis preservation and simultaneous complete excision of the tumour are strongly related to the quality of life of the patients and thereby represent the aim of the therapy. Read More

J Dermatol 2005 Mar;32(3):210-3

Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.

Bowen's disease developing on mucous or mucocutaneous regions is clinically called erythroplasia of Queyrat. We report herein a 56-year-old male with Bowen's disease extending from the penis shaft to the glans penis, and urethral meatus. Physical examination revealed bright red velvety plaques on the prepuce and glans penis and an irregularly pigmented scaly lesion on the dorsum of his penis shaft. Read More

Med Microbiol Immunol 2004 Feb 28;193(1):35-44. Epub 2003 Jun 28.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rostock, Augustenstrasse 80-84, 18055 Rostock, Germany.

Using PCR, the overall prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in penile carcinoma is about 40-45%, which is similar to the detection rate of HPV-DNA in vulvar carcinoma (50%). In analogy to vulvar cancer two different pathways of penile carcinogenesis seem to exist. In contrast to basaloid and warty penile cancers which are regularly HPV-associated (about 80-100%), only a part of keratinizing and verrucous penile carcinomas appear to be related with HPV (33-35%). Read More

BJU Int 2002 Sep;90(5):498-506

Department of Dermatology, University of Basel, Switzerland.

Diseases of the male genitalia range from infectious lesions to inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, including many genital manifestations of more general skin diseases. This review highlights the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of the most common dermatoses of the male genitalia. Herpes genitalis and infections caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) are increasing, particularly in young sexually active people. Read More

J Urol 2001 Nov;166(5):1670-1

Free University Medical Center and The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Purpose: Carcinoma in situ of the penis, also referred to as Bowen's disease or erythroplasia of Queyrat, may lead to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We assessed the results of laser therapy for carcinoma in situ of the penis.

Materials And Methods: From 1986 to 2000 we treated 19 patients with carcinoma in situ of the penis with the neodymium:YAG or carbon dioxide laser. Read More

J Invest Dermatol 2000 Sep;115(3):396-401

Institute of Virology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany.

Erythroplasia of Queyrat is a carcinoma in situ that mainly occurs on the glans penis, the prepuce, or the urethral meatus of elderly males. Up to 30% progress to squamous cell carcinoma. The cause of erythroplasia of Queyrat is largely unknown. Read More

Cutis 2000 Jun;65(6):395-8

Institute for Dermatopathology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

We report a case of a persistent penile plaque on the glans penis of allegedly more than 20 years' duration, which was refractory to circumcision and local treatment. Over the years, the patient repeatedly presented with a circumscribed inflammatory lesion of the glans penis, diagnosed as Zoon's balanitis on the basis of clinical aspects and two biopsies. Because of unresponsiveness of the lesion to circumcision and focal steroid infiltration, repeated biopsies were performed in an attempt to rule out malignancy. Read More

J Urol 1994 Apr;151(4):829-33

Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Illinois.

Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis are uncommon disorders of the anogenital skin that may be confused with a variety of other lesions. While all appear histologically as carcinoma in situ and are strongly associated with human papillomavirus infection, only Bowen's disease and erythroplasia of Queyrat have been demonstrated to lead to the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, bowenoid papulosis has a completely benign course with no present evidence suggesting the potential for malignant degeneration. Read More

Urol Clin North Am 1992 May;19(2):283-90

Division of Urologic Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.

Carcinoma in situ, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and Bowen's disease have been managed successfully with a variety of conservative techniques. The management of invasive carcinoma remains controversial. The goal of surgical treatment in these patients is complete excision of the tumor with adequate tumor-free margins. Read More

Urol Clin North Am 1992 Feb;19(1):131-42

Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.

Premalignant lesions of the penis include cutaneous horn, balanitis xerotica obliterans, and leukoplakia. The true incidence of progression of each of these to squamous-cell carcinoma is unknown. Bowenoid papulosis, erythroplasia of Queyrat, and Bowen's disease are histologically identical to in situ carcinoma. Read More

Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1992 Jan;83(1):1-15

Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine.

It had been believed that carcinoma of the penis was rather rare in the developed countries comparing with that in the under-developing countries, however, the recent epidemiological studies failed to reveal any clear difference of the incidence of carcinoma of the penis all over the world. In these days so called successful treatment is coming to be evaluated by the quality of life (QOL) after surgical or nonsurgical treatment (especially sexual function tended to be considered very important factors altering QOL). I want to emphasize the following issues in this report. Read More

Urology 1990 Dec;36(6):479-82

Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis.

J Urol 1988 Jun;139(6):1307-9

Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.

Bowenoid papulosis of the penis is a recently described entity that clinically resembles benign verruca-like papular lesions but, histologically, it is identical to carcinoma in situ, Bowen's disease or erythroplasia of Queyrat. Although a few cases of spontaneous regression of bowenoid papulosis in men have been reported, conservative therapy, consisting of topical 5-fluorouracil, electrodissection or excision, is recommended. With these treatment modalities recurrences are not uncommon. Read More

Br J Dermatol 1982 May;106(5):581-4

Erythroplasia Queyrat is now generally considered to be Bowen's disease of the glans penis. The literature is reviewed and the need for a treatment that is destructive to abnormal tissue yet cosmetically acceptable is stressed. Cryosurgery appears to be a very appropriate form of treatment for this condition--its effectiveness was demonstrated in two cases. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 1981 Feb;4(2):160-5

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (EQ) is an epidermoid carcinoma in situ which is histologically identical with Bowen's disease of the skin but involves mucosal surfaces. The lesion is known to occur on the glans penis, the vulva, and the oral mucosa. Two cases of EQ of the conjunctiva that developed several years after radiotherapy for basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids are here reported. Read More

J Urol 1981 Jan;125(1):124-6

Bowenoid papulosis of the penis is a recently emerged entity that clinically resembles benign dermatosis but it is histologically identical to pre-invasive carcinoma. Its lesions are multiple, painless and wart-like in appearance, and occur in young, circumcised men between 21 and 38 years old. Therapy consists of excision, electrodissection or topical 5-fluorouracil. Read More

J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1980 Dec;6(12):1027-35

Leukoplakia penis and balanitis xerotica obliterans are precancerous lesions. Bowen's disease, erythroplasia (Queyrat), and extramammary Paget's disease are carcinomas in situ. Lesions of both types may closely mimic benign skin conditions that may occur in the genital region. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 1976 ;56(5):409-12

A typical clinical and histologic case of Queyrat's erythroplasia of the glans penis is presented. For several years the patient had been treated for balanitis and inflammation of the glans. A few months before the patient died, the correct diagnosis was established. Read More

J Surg Oncol 1973 ;5(4):281-90

Br J Plast Surg 1961 Oct;14:205-10