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Glob Pediatr Health 2021 27;8:2333794X21990908. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Newborn skin disorders are quite common and happen to occur during the neonatal period. Most of the birthmarks are transient; however, worried parents often seek medical advice from their child's physician regarding skin lesions. Thus, it is important to differentiate the skin lesions from pathologic ones to avoid unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. Read More

Children (Basel) 2021 Jan 7;8(1). Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.

A newborn male infant presented with multiple pustules and erosions with erythema involving his scalp and forehead at birth. One week after birth, new pustules continued to appear, forming crusted, ring-shaped plaques with pigmentation. Tests for possible pathogens were negative. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Jul;17(7):731-732

Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle.

Pediatr Dermatol 2019 Sep 23;36(5):574-580. Epub 2019 Jul 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

Recent focus on the neonatal intestinal microbiome has advanced our knowledge of the complex interplay between the intestinal barrier, the developing immune system, and commensal and pathogenic organisms. Despite the parallel role of the infant skin in serving as both a barrier and an interface for priming the immune system, large gaps exist in our understanding of the infantile cutaneous microbiome. The skin microbiome changes and matures throughout infancy, becoming more diverse and developing the site specificity known to exist in adults. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019 Jul 27;17(7):731-732. Epub 2019 May 27.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Halle University Medical Center, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany.

Pediatr Ann 2019 Jan;48(1):e16-e22

Skin eruptions are commonly encountered in the neonatal and infant period and can be a source of concern for providers and parents alike. We present a brief, clinically focused discussion on topics commonly encountered by the pediatrician with a focus on pearls of knowledge to help distinguish diseases from one another and from more serious conditions. We review miliaria, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, neonatal cephalic pustulosis, erythema toxicum neonatorum, diaper dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2018 11;67(5):610-615

Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.

Objectives: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory, atopic disease of the esophagus without a clear etiology. Our objective was to identify exposures and conditions in early infancy associated with the development of EoE.

Methods: A case-control study was performed using the Military Health System Database. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2019 Aug 29;154(4):400-404. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

Section of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Background: Cutaneous lesions are common in the neonatal period and usually physiological, transient and self-limited; infrequently, they are pathological and require treatment and collaboration between dermatologists and neonatologists. Particular conditions, like prematurity, can influence onset, type and evolution of cutaneous manifestations. Of the several articles in literature about skin findings in newborns, only few were performed in Southern European countries. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2017 Jul 25;34(4):422-426. Epub 2017 May 25.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Background/objectives: Erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) and transient neonatal pustular melanosis (TNPM) are benign pustular skin conditions that are relatively common in newborns, but the predisposing factors for these conditions are unknown. Our goal was to verify the prevalence of ETN and TNPM and their predisposing factors in a large sample of neonates.

Methods: In this prospective 1-year multicenter study, 2,831 neonates (age ≤72 hours) born in southern Brazil were randomized to undergo skin examination by a dermatologist. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017 May 21;18(7):717-725. Epub 2017 Apr 21.

a Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine , Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.

Introduction: neonatal and infantile skin diseases are frequently encountered in the clinical practice and represent worldwide a socioeconomic issue. They encompass a wide range of acquired or congenital conditions, including infections, vascular lesions and inflammatory diseases and can present with different degrees of severity, leading in some cases to dramatic complications. Areas covered: In this paper we report the most recent evidences on the management of some common skin diseases in neonates and infants. Read More

Curr Pediatr Rev 2017 ;13(2):136-143

Department of Dermatology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, 500 033. India.

Background: Variation in neonatal skin changes and clinical presentation is a frequent occurrence. We studied the pattern of cutaneous manifestations in new-borns <72 hours of birth.

Method: We included all live babies delivered in our hospital; Babies were categorised according to age, birth weight and gestational age. Read More

FP Essent 2017 Feb;453:11-17

University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine Dermatology Residency Program, 410 Market St. Suite 400 CB#7715, Chapel Hill, NC 27516.

Skin findings during the initial month of life are ubiquitous. One study estimated that more than 95% of newborns have cutaneous findings, which often are distressing to parents but frequently are benign and self-limited. Among them are milia, cutis marmorata, congenital dermal melanocytosis, and the benign neonatal pustular eruptions (eg, benign cephalic pustulosis, erythema toxicum neonatorum, transient neonatal pustular melanosis). Read More

J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017 May - Jun;93(3):238-245. Epub 2016 Nov 19.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e Adolescente, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Departamento de Dermatologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of neonatal dermatological findings and analyze whether there is an association between these findings and neonatal and pregnancy characteristics and seasonality.

Methods: Newborns from three maternity hospitals in a Brazilian capital city were randomly selected to undergo dermatological assessment by dermatologists.

Results: 2938 neonates aged up to three days of life were randomly selected, of whom 309 were excluded due to Intensive Care Unit admission. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2016 Apr;91(2):124-34

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

The neonatal period comprises the first four weeks of life. It is a period of adaptation where the skin often presents several changes: transient lesions, resulting from a physiological response, others as a consequence of transient diseases and some as markers of severe disorders. The presence of pustules in the skin of the newborn is always a reason for the family and for the assisting doctor to be worried, since the newborn is especially vulnerable to bacterial, viral or fungal infection. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2015 Nov-Dec;60(6):635

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Government Medical College, Surat, Gujarat, India.

Background: Dermatologic conditions have different presentation and management in pediatric age group from that in adult; this to be studied separately for statistical and population based analysis.

Objective: To study the pattern of various dermatoses in infants and children in tertiary health care center in South Gujarat region.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study; various dermatoses were studied in pediatric patients up to 14 years of age attending the Dermatology OPD of New Civil Hospital, Surat, Gujarat over a period of 12 months from June 2009 to June 2010. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2015 Mar-Apr;60(2):211

Department of Skin and VD, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Neonatal pustular eruption is a group of disorders characterized by various forms of pustulosis seen in first 4 weeks of life. Its presentation is often similar with some subtle differences, which can be further established by few simple laboratory aids, to arrive at a definite diagnosis. Given their ubiquitous presentation, it is sometimes difficult to differentiate among self-limiting, noninfectious, pustular dermatosis such as erythema toxicum neonatorum, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, miliaria pustulosa, etc. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2014 Nov;59(6):552-7

Department of Community Medicine, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Background: The spectrum of dermatological manifestations during neonatal period varies from transient self-limiting conditions to serious dermatoses; the latter, fortunately few, are disproportionately stressful to the parents, who due to lack of specialized pediatric dermatology clinics frequently get tossed between a dermatologist and a pediatrician.

Objectives: This study was formulated to record cutaneous changes over the first five postnatal days of life and to statistically correlate those changes occurring in ≥ 11 neonates with three (parity, associated illnesses, and mode of delivery) maternal and three (sex, birth weight, and gestational age) neonatal factors.

Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital entailed recording detailed dermatological examination of 300 neonates having some (physiological and/or pathological) cutaneous changes and their statistical evaluation using the Chi-square test and significance (P < 0. Read More

Orv Hetil 2014 Mar;155(13):500-8

Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Klinika Szeged.

Introduction: At present there are no exact epidemiologic data on the prevalence of neonatal skin disorders and birth marks in Hungary.

Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate the prevalence of skin disorders in mature healthy neonates after birth.

Method: The survey was carried out in the Neonatal Care Unit at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Szeged between April, 2012 and May, 2013. Read More

ISRN Dermatol 2014 20;2014:360590. Epub 2014 Jan 20.

Department of Dermatology, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, BLDE University, Bijapur, Karnataka 586103, India.

Background. Cutaneous alterations are common in neonates. The majority of lesions are physiological, transient, or self-limited and require no therapy. Read More

J Med Assoc Thai 2013 Jan;96 Suppl 1:S49-53

Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.

Background: The prevalence of birthmarks and cutaneous skin lesions in newborns vary among sex and race. There are limited reports of birthmarks and cutaneous lesions among Thai neonates.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of birthmarks and cutaneous lesions in Thai newborns and evaluate the association between age, gender maturity, route of delivery, birth weight and skin lesions. Read More

FP Essent 2013 Apr;407:31-41

San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA 95231, USA.

Infants exhibit many skin rashes. Erythema toxicum neonatorum presents as erythematous macules, papules, and pustules on the face, trunk, and extremities; it typically resolves spontaneously within 1 week. Neonatal acne presents as comedones or erythematous papules on the face, scalp, chest, and back. Read More

Ann Dermatol 2013 Feb 14;25(1):1-4. Epub 2013 Feb 14.

Department of Dermatology, Ankara Etlik Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: Cutaneous lesions are commonly seen in the newborn period and exhibit inconsistency from the skin lesions of an adult.

Objective: The present study was carried out with an aim to determine the frequency of physiologic and pathologic cutaneous findings in newborns.

Methods: Typically, 1234 newborns were included in this study. Read More

J Pediatr 2012 Aug 11;161(2):240-5. Epub 2012 Apr 11.

Division of Pediatrics and Dermatology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA.

Objective: To provide incidence data based on ethnicity, prematurity, and body site for vascular, pigmented, and other common congenital cutaneous findings; to compare these results with previously published prospective studies; and to define updated nomenclature, classification, clinical course, and prognostic factors for the pediatric practitioner to promote a better understanding of benign versus more worrisome birthmarks.

Study Design: This prospective study enrolled 594 infants in San Diego, California. Cutaneous examination was performed by pediatric dermatologists in the first 48 hours of life, with subsequent longitudinal contact via telephone, and repeat evaluations if any new lesions were reported by parents. Read More

J Dermatol Case Rep 2011 Dec;5(4):58-63

Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Background: The entity vesicobullous disorders in neonates encompasses a varied spectrum of disorders varying from self limiting to potentially life threatening infectious diseases.

Objective: To analyse the incidence of dermatoses in neonates, stress the importance of simple noninvasive diagnostic procedures with perspective to actual need of active intervention.

Patients And Methods: Forty four neonates with vesicobullous lesions in departments of dermatology and pediatrics were evaluated with respect to diagnosis, required treatments and follow ups. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2012 Mar-Apr;29(2):166-8. Epub 2011 Nov 8.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Área Sanitaria de Ferrol, Consellería de Sanidade e Servicio Galego de Saúde, Ferrol, Spain.

We performed a prospective study of 1,000 neonates investigated in the first 72 hours of life in the health area of Ferrol (northwest of Spain) to assess the prevalence of erythema toxicum neonatorum, the anatomical sites most frequently involved, the influence of different maternal and neonatal parameters, day of life of medical examination, and type of delivery (vaginal or Cesarean). Overall prevalence of erythema toxicum neonatorum was 16.7%. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2011 Oct 25. Epub 2011 Oct 25.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Objective: To analyse the incidence of dermatoses in neonates, stress the importance of simple noninvasive diagnostic procedures with perspective to actual need of active intervention.

Methods: Forty four neonates with vesicobullous lesions in Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics were evaluated with respect to diagnosis, required treatments and follow ups.

Results: Of the total 44 neonates, 29 were boys and 15 girls. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2012 Mar-Apr;29(2):232-3. Epub 2011 Oct 13.

Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.

Two hundred forty-seven healthy newborns were investigated in a prospective cohort descriptive study. Information on phenotype and obstetric and parental history was collected. A positive association was found between erythema toxicum neonatorum and season of birth (spring and summer), whereas parental history of any skin disease was related to a lower frequency of this eruption. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2011 Jul-Aug;28(4):387-92

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India.

There is paucity of literature on the incidence and clinical associations of transient benign dermatological conditions in twin neonates. This prospective study evaluated 253 live-born twin babies (≥23 wks) at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India. All study subjects were observed for the first 7 days of life, and regular dermatological examination was performed. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2011 Nov 8;102(9):726-9. Epub 2011 Apr 8.

Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Área Sanitaria de Ferrol, SERGAS, Ferrol, La Coruña, Spain.

At birth, vernix caseosa can cover the whole body surface or accumulate only on the back and in the skin folds. Interest in its composition and function and its possible applications in adults has increased in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of vernix caseosa in newborn infants in the health care area of Ferrol, Spain, and to assess its relationship with neonatal and maternal factors. Read More