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Exp Ther Med 2018 Jun 25;15(6):5523-5527. Epub 2018 Apr 25.

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China.

Panniculitis is a group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Panniculitis of breast tissue as the initial manifestation has rarely been reported and is often misdiagnosed. Breast panniculitis may cause substantial morbidity and early diagnosis and treatment are important for the prognosis of the disease. Read More

PLoS One 2018 14;13(6):e0199047. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital and Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis Beijing, China.

Background: Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, multisystem-involved vasculitis and its pathogenesis remains elusive. No specific serological markers for BD diagnosis have been established. Identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers will be helpful in timely diagnostic and treatment for Behcet's disease. Read More

Int J Mycobacteriol 2018 Apr-Jun;7(2):191-194

Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is characterized by tender erythematous nodules, accompanied by fever, malaise, arthralgia, and systemic complications. Atypical clinical manifestations have been reported such as pustular, bullous, ulceration; livedo reticularis; erythema multiforme-like reaction; and Sweet's syndrome (SS)-like presentation. We reported a case of ENL reaction presenting as SS-like reaction in a borderline lepromatous leprosy patient. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2018 Jun 8. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Département de médecine interne et pneumologie, CHU de Brest, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, Brest Cedex, France; EA 3878, GETBO, Université Bretagne Loire, Brest Cedex, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Behçet disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis involving vessels from any size with various clinical features. Most BD cases are multifactorial and associated with the HLA B51 antigen. In rare and severe early onset cases, dominant Mendelian transmission has been linked to mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene encoding A20. Read More

Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2017 Aug 14;1(3):251-252. Epub 2017 Jul 14.

University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California.

Erythema nodosum (EN) is associated with many systemic diseases and infections. This case report provides an image of erythematous nodules, an overview of the various causes of EN, and the laboratory tests and imaging that can be done in the emergency department to narrow its broad differential diagnosis. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2018 Apr;68(4):653-656

The Indus Hospital, Karachi.

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease involving the skin and nerves, leading to a debilitating condition. Leprosy has been controlled in most parts of the world; therefore physicians are not very well versed in the recognition, management and assessment of this disease. The protean manifestations of leprosy often lead to delays in diagnosis and increase the morbidity. Read More

J Cutan Med Surg 2018 May 1:1203475418776934. Epub 2018 May 1.

2 Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Medicine department, Dermatology Division, Lévis, QC, Canada.

Background: We report a case of nivolumab-related sarcoidosis-like syndrome that initially presented with erythema nodosum. Sarcoidosis development has been described in single and combination immunotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 68-year-old white woman with metastatic ocular amelanotic choroid melanoma was treated with nivolumab. Read More

Am J Clin Hypn 2018 Jul;61(1):34-44

a University of South Florida , Tampa , FL, USA.

Mindfulness-based cognitive hypnotherapy integrates mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and hypnotherapy to improve physical, emotional, mental, and/or spiritual aspects of skin disorders. Meditation, including mindfulness meditation, and hypnosis both utilize trance phenomena to help produce focalization and specific improvements in skin disorders through psycho-neuro-endocrine-immunologic mechanisms. Hypnosis, cognitive hypnotherapy, focused meditation, and mindfulness meditation are discussed with respect to improving various skin disorders including acne, acne excoriée, alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, dyshidrotic dermatitis, erythema nodosum, erythromelalgia, furuncles, glossodynia, herpes simplex, hyperhidrosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, lichen planus, neurodermatitis, nummular dermatitis, postherpetic neuralgia, prurigo nodularis, pruritus, psoriasis, rosacea, trichotillomania, urticaria, verruca vulgaris, and vitiligo. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2018 May 16. Epub 2018 May 16.

Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Indications for everolimus and other drugs within the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor class have recently expanded to include tuberous sclerosis complex. Everolimus is generally well tolerated, but it is important for physicians to identify and manage associated cutaneous adverse effects. We report the first case of a child developing erythema nodosum while undergoing everolimus therapy. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2018 May 14. Epub 2018 May 14.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey.

Background: Tularaemia is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Francisella tularensis, an aerobic, uncapsulated, gram-negative coccobacillus. Several case reports have appeared on the dermatological manifestations of tularaemia, but relatively few longer-term studies are available.

Aim: To identify skin features of tularaemia that aid in its diagnosis. Read More

Turk J Surg 2018 1;34(1):71-73. Epub 2018 Mar 1.

Department of Radiology, Dicle Üniversitesi School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Coexistence of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and erythema nodosum is very unusual. In this paper, we present a patient with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis accompanied by erythema nodosum to highlight the diagnostic importance of erythema nodosum and its relationship with treatment response of breast lesion. A 39-year-old female with a breast lesion and erythema nodosum was started on treatment with corticosteroids before the results of her histopathological evaluation were obtained. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018 May 3. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) who presented with venous thrombosis. In addition, we identified the factors associated with this venous involvement and those related with recurrent venous thrombosis.

Methods: Up to January 2015, 544 BD patients from 20 Spanish hospitals had been included in the REGEB (REGistro de la Enfermedad de Behçet as Spanish nomenclature). Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2017 Aug 17;2017(8):omx041. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

Primary Care Health Center Schimatari, Primary, Care Health Unit, 5th Health Care District of Greece, Greece.

Erythema nodosum is a panniculitis associated with numerous diseases such as infections, inflammatory diseases, tuberculosis or can be idiopathic. We here report a case of a woman with erythema nodosum and reactive arthritis who was subsequently diagnosed with tuberculosis. A high level of suspicion and a thorough clinical and laboratory investigation of the patient presenting with erythema nodosum is required, in order to detect a possible systemic underlying condition. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2018 Mar;93(2):181-184

Department of Biostatistics, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

Background: Erythema nodosum leprosum may appear before, during or after treatment of leprosy and is one of the main factors for nerve damage in patients. When it occurs or continues to occur after treatment, it may indicate disease recurrence and a new treatment may be instituted again.

Objective: To evaluate the retreatment of patients with multibacillary leprosy who underwent standard treatment with multidrug therapy, but developed or continued to present reactions of erythema nodosum leprosum and/or neuritis 3-5 years after its end. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 May 4;4(4):359-361. Epub 2018 Apr 4.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

Rheumatol Int 2018 Jun 23;38(6):1089-1094. Epub 2018 Apr 23.

Pediatrics Rheumatoloy Unit, Department of Pediatrics, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Juvenile-Takayasu arteritis (j-TA) is a difficult diagnosis and some patients develop uncommon manifestations and associated diseases that may contribute to the delayed diagnosis. Our aim was to identify the misdiagnoses, the associated diseases and the atypical manifestations observed in a j-TA Brazilian multicentre study. 71 children and adolescents who met the classification criteria for j-TA were included. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 19;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.

A 15-year-old girl presented with erythema nodosum and mild abdominal complaints. Her intestinal granulomatous disease was erroneously diagnosed as Crohn's disease despite the fact that the possibility of tuberculosis was considered. The final diagnosis of tuberculosis was made only when an anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy resulted in further deterioration. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Jul 16;91(3):260-265. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

Leprosy patients may present reactional episodes classified as type I or reversal reaction and type II or erythema nodosum leprosum. Early diagnosis of these reactions is hampered by lack of diagnostic tests. This study aimed at evaluating anti-Mycobacterium leprae antibody levels in reactional and nonreactional leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018 Apr 13. Epub 2018 Apr 13.

AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois.

Background: Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) can impact morbidity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD; Crohn's disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]). This study compared incidence rates of EIMs in patients with moderate to severe IBD receiving gut-selective vedolizumab (VDZ) vs those receiving systemic anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapies.

Methods: Adult IBD patients receiving VDZ or anti-TNFs were identified from the MarketScan claims database from September 28, 2012, through September 30, 2016. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Apr;97(16):e0515

Department of Rheumatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.

Rationale: Behçet disease (BD) is a recurrent vasculitis characterized by oral and genital mucous membrane ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions but only rarely leg ulcers. To our knowledge, no efficacious therapy has been described for BD patients with complicating, destructive leg ulcers.

Patient Concerns: Here, We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with generalized erythema nodosum-like, papulopustular lesions, recurrent oral and genital ulcers accompanied with recurrent leg ulcers and trouble walking. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2018 Apr 11:e12610. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Department of Dermatology, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India.

Erythema nodosum migrans (subacute nodular migratory panniculitis) is an uncommon type of panniculitis characterized by migrating subcutaneous nodules or plaque on the lower extremity. There are a very few cases of Erythema nodosum migrans reported and thus its appropriate treatment modality is not defined. We describe a case of a 30-year-old male with idiopathic erythema nodosum migrans which was manifest centrifugally spreading, slightly morpheaform erythematous plaque on the lower left leg. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2018 Jul 30;24(7):531-537. Epub 2018 Mar 30.

Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:

Reactive arthritis after Group A streptococcal infection (poststreptococcal reactive arthritis: PSRA) that does not meet the Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) has been reported as a new entity for over a decade. In Japan there are few reports of PSRA. We encountered four children with arthritis accompanied with Group A streptococcal infection in our department. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2018 Mar;44(261):142-146

Medical University of Gdansk, Poland: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology.

Skin manifestation occurs in approximately 25% of patients with sarcoidosis and is often the first symptom of the disease. The availability of skin biopsy material is helpful in establishing the early diagnosis. Cutaneous sarcoidosis is characterized by clinical polymorphism and therefore its diagnosis may cause dilemma. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 03 22;12(3):e0006214. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

Lab. of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic dermato-neurological disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection. In 2016, more than 200,000 new cases of leprosy were detected around the world, representing the most frequent cause of infectious irreversible deformities and disabilities.

Principal Findings: In the present work, we demonstrate a consistent procoagulant profile on 40 reactional and non-reactional multibacillary leprosy patients. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 15;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Department of Rheumatology, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with a history of autoimmune atrophic gastritis and recurrent erythema nodosum (EN). Laboratory results showed iron-deficiency anaemia, positive antiparietal cell antibodies and marginal deficiency of vitamin B12. Although EN was refractory to general measures (rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and corticosteroid therapy, it was successfully treated with vitamin B12 supplementation. Read More

BMJ 2018 03 9;360:k436. Epub 2018 Mar 9.

Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Int J Mycobacteriol 2018 Jan-Mar;7(1):97-100

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.

Type 2 leprosy reactions commonly known as erythema nodosum leprosum, but various clinical manifestations of type 2 leprosy reaction were exist. The highlight of this case series was to report various atypical clinical manifestations of type 2 leprosy reaction such as reactive perforating leprosy, erythema multiforme-like reaction, and sweet's syndrome (SS)-like reaction. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018 03 2;12(3):e0006321. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom.

Complement C1q is a soluble protein capable of initiating components of the classical pathway in host defence system. In earlier qualitative studies, C1q has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL). However, little is known about the role of this complement in ENL reaction. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2018 04 26;63(4):825-833. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

Robarts Clinical Trials, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 100 Dundas Street, Suite 200, London, ON, N6A 5B6, Canada.

Background: Approximately 15-20% of ulcerative colitis patients and 20-40% of those with Crohn's disease experience extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of their inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Clinicians who treat IBD must manage EIMs affecting multiple organs that variably correlate with intestinal disease activity. Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody for the treatment of IBD with a gut-selective mechanism of action. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 9;9:189. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a systemic inflammatory complication occurring mainly in patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL) and borderline lepromatous leprosy. Prednisolone is widely used for treatment of ENL reactions but clinical improvement varies. However, there is little good data as to the effect of prednisolone treatment on the pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with ENL reactions. Read More

Acta Trop 2018 Jul 21;183:134-141. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Prédio 43312 M, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; INAGEMP, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 21506 - Santa Cecilia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Teratogen Information Service, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Center of Experimental Research, Genomics Medicine Laboratory and Laboratory of Research in Bioethics and Ethics in Research (LAPEBEC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address:

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) occurs due to the immunological complication of multibacillary leprosy and is characterized by painful nodules and systemic compromising. It is usually recurrent and/or chronic and has both physical and economic impact on the patient, being a very important cause of disability. In addition, ENL is a major health problem in countries where leprosy is endemic. Read More

Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018 05;57(5):856-864

Rheumatology Division and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in refractory uveitis of Behçet's disease (BD).

Methods: Multicentre study of patients with BD-associated uveitis. Patients were refractory to conventional and biologic immunosuppressive drugs. Read More

Reumatol Clin 2018 Feb 15. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Sección de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia.

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a complex disease of unknown etiology, with a variable course and highly different forms of presentation. Our objective was to characterize all our patients with sarcoidosis with emphasis on their clinical presentation and to establish differences between patients with sarcoidosis with and without joint involvement.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis who were treated at the outpatient or inpatient services of the Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital in Medellín, Colombia, from January 2002 to April 2017. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2018 Mar;154(3):369-370

Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Feb 16;2018. Epub 2018 Feb 16.

Medicine, Laniado Hospital, Sanz Medical Centre, Netanya, Israel.

A healthy patient presented with painful skin lesions on the anterior surface of her legs. Erythema nodosum was diagnosed but all the usual causes were ruled out. The finding of bilateral enlarged axillary lymph nodes with necrosis and granulomas led to the diagnosis of infection, an unusual cause of erythema nodosum. Read More

J Cytol 2018 Jan-Mar;35(1):63-65

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by . The manifestations of this disease varies across the spectrum of tuberculoid (TT) to lepromatous (LL) leprosy. The course of this indolent disease is interrupted by acute exacerbations in the form of leprare actions. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2018 Apr;28(2):239-240

Department of Dermatology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Setatsukinowa, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.

Int J Dermatol 2018 Apr 2;57(4):500-501. Epub 2018 Feb 2.

SVS Medical College, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Nov;96(47):e8666

Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Rationale: Erythema nodosum (EN), a type of septal panniculitis, could be a rare nonspecific cutaneous presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Patient Concerns: A 58-year-old Chinese female was admitted for a 4-week history of painful cutaneous lesions, accompanied by a sternal pain and fever. The lesions once resolved spontaneously but then recurred. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Jan 29. Epub 2018 Jan 29.

Division of Clinical Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Understanding the effects of age on the epidemiology of diseases primarily affecting the skin is important to the practice of dermatology, both for proper allocation of resources and for optimal patient-centered care. To fully appreciate the effect that age may have on the population-based calculations of incidence of diseases primarily affecting the skin in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and worldwide, we performed a review of all relevant Rochester Epidemiology Project-published data and compared them to similar reports in the worldwide English literature. Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, population-based epidemiologic studies have been performed to estimate the incidence of specific skin diseases over the past 50 years. Read More

Reumatologia 2017 28;55(5):261-264. Epub 2017 Oct 28.

Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Löfgren's syndrome (LS) is a variant of sarcoidosis characterised by the triad of erythema nodosum (EN), radiographic bilateral hilar adenopathy, and arthralgia/arthritis. Like all cases of sarcoidosis, it is of unknown aetiology and may constitute a diagnostic difficulty in the ambiguous phenotype. Löfgren's syndrome is associated with a good prognosis and commonly undergoes spontaneous remission within four months. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2017 12;54(12):1071

Department of Dermatology and STD University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018 Jan;79(1):54

Professor, Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore.

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2017 Dec;7(6):727-731

Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Neuroradiology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.

Motor neuron disease (MND) is a neurodegenerative disease determining progressive and relentless motor deterioration involving both upper and lower motor neurons (UMN and LMN); several variants at onset are described. Here we describe a case of MND presenting as pure spastic monoparesis in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gave a substantial contribution in confirming the diagnosis and assessing the severity of UMN involvement. An isolated pyramidal syndrome, with complete absence of LMN signs, is a rare phenotype in the context of MND (less than 4% of total cases), especially if restricted to only one limb. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jan 4;2018. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Pediatric Department, Hospital of Divino Espírito Santo of Ponta Delgada, Ponta Delgada - São Miguel, Azores, Portugal.

Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, characterised by a permanent sensitivity to gluten. It is being progressively recognised as a multisystemic disease, with multiple extraintestinal manifestations. Skin conditions (eg, dermatitis herpetiformis) are an example of its manifestations; however, its underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Read More

Clin Nephrol 2018 May;89(5):371-375

Behçet's syndrome (BS) often presents with aphthous and genital ulcers, uveitis, and erythema nodosum. Renal involvement has been reported with most cases presenting with renal amyloidosis, IgA nephropathy, or crescentic glomerulonephritis. We describe a case of a 49-year-old woman with relapsing BS symptoms coinciding with new-onset development of nephrotic syndrome. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2017 Dec 27;14(6):5251-5257. Epub 2017 Sep 27.

Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, The Third Military Medical University, People's Liberation Army, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.

The US Food and Drug Administration approved thalidomide and its analogues for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum, in spite of the notoriety of reports of severe birth defects in the middle of the last century. As immunomodulatory drugs, thalidomide and its analogues have been used to effectively treat various diseases. In the present review, preclinical data about the effects of thalidomide and its analogues on the immune system are integrated, including the effects of cytokines on transdifferentiation, the anti-inflammatory effect, immune cell function regulation and angiogenesis. Read More

J Infect Dis 2017 Dec;216(12):1635-1643

Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Leprosy, the leading infectious cause of disability worldwide, remains a major public health challenge in the most severely affected countries despite the sharp decline in new cases in recent years. The search for biomarkers is essential to achieve a better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease.

Methods: Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) analyses of sera from 87 leprosy patients with or without reactions were conducted via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Read More