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Reumatologia 2020 30;58(2):87-92. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.

Objectives: To investigate the changes over time in extraocular and ocular manifestations of Behçet's disease (BD) in Tunisian patients.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of 246 patients divided into two groups: group 1 (147 patients examined from 1995 to 2005) and group 2 (99 patients examined from 2006 to 2017).

Results: Active or scarred genital ulcers observed by physician at presentation were significantly less frequent in group 2 (47. Read More

Int J Mycobacteriol 2020 Apr-Jun;9(2):226-228

Research Scientist, Stanley Browne Laboratory, The Leprosy Mission Community Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Erythema multiforme (EM)-like erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a rare atypical presentation, and its late appearance after the completion of multidrug therapy (MDT) is unusual. We describe the case of a lepromatous leprosy patient who after the completion of MDT presented to us with late EM-like ENL and was found to be resistant to rifampicin. We discuss the implications of this finding and the potential role of resistant bacilli in causing reactions with atypical presentations. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2020 Jan-Dec;8:2324709620927884

University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.

The distinction between persistent infection and immunologic reactions in leprosy is often difficult but critically important since their management is different. We present the case of a 51-year-old Vietnamese female who presented in 2015 with areas of erythema and skin infiltration on face and chest, as well as edema on her hands and feet. Skin biopsy was consistent with lepromatous leprosy. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

Gastroenterology Department, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.

In our case, we want to highlight the importance of screening for opportunistic infectious diseases in these immunosuppressed patients. We present the case of an erythema nodosum triggered by reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 May 23:e13658. Epub 2020 May 23.

Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.

Indian Pediatr 2020 May;57(5):482-483

Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College(Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2020 May;22(5):478-481

Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China.

Objective: To summarize the extraintestinal manifestations and intestinal complications in children with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: The clinical data of 54 children who were diagnosed with CD in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to December 2018 were collected for retrospective analysis of extraintestinal manifestations and intestinal complications. According to the location of the lesion, the children were divided into ileocolonic group (30 cases), colonic group (6 cases), and ileal group (18 cases). Read More

Int J Dermatol 2020 May 2. Epub 2020 May 2.

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Leprosy can cause acute reactions, which may be type 1 (reverse reaction) or type 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum - ENL). ENL has been classified as mild, moderate, or severe. In order to standardize the classification, the Erythema Nodosum Leprosum International Study (ENLIST) Group has developed an objective scale, the ENLIST ENL Severity Scale (EESS), which was the first validated severity scale of ENL in the world. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2020 Apr;48(284):108-111

Medical University of Warsaw, Poland: Department of Transplantation Medicine, Nephrology and Internal Medicine.

Solid organ transplant recipients are specific group due to taken immunosuppressive agents. This can result in side effects including infections caused by rare opportunistic pathogens.

A Case Report: A 64-year old woman after orthotopic liver transplantation due to primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis was admitted to hospital because of several infections. Read More

J Crohns Colitis 2020 Apr 22. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Sheba Medical Centre, Gastroenterology, Ramat Gan, Israel.

This was a multicentre case series supported by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO) and, performed as part of the Collaborative Network of Exceptionally Rare case reports (CONFER) project. The aim was to report on whether cutaneous lesions associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and refractory to standard medical therapy including anti-TNFs, would respond to the newer biologic agents Ustekinumab (UST) or Vedolizumab (VDZ). This report includes 28 patients with cutaneous lesions form 14 centres, all of whom had failed immunomodulator and anti-TNF therapy. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2020 Jul 15;127:110114. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 127 Dongming Road, Zhengzhou, 450008, China. Electronic address:

Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 but soon withdrawn because of its notorious teratogenicity. Studies on the mechanism of action of thalidomide revealed the pleiotropic properties of this class of drugs, including their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory activities. Based on their notable activities, thalidomide and its analogues, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, have been repurposed to treat erythema nodosum leprosum, multiple myeloma and other haematological malignancies. Read More

Travel Med Infect Dis 2020 Apr 14:101670. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

National Referral Centre for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Patients with leprosy can present with systemic inflammatory complications called leprosy reactions (LR), which can be severe and cause a loss of nerve function. The treatment of choice is prolonged corticosteroid therapy, frequently associated with severe side effects. We have used methotrexate as a corticosteroid-sparing regimen with good results. Read More

J Clin Med 2020 Apr 10;9(4). Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly affects the pulmonary system and other organs including the eyes, skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis usually presents with persistent dry cough, eye and skin manifestations, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and erythema nodosum. Sarcoidosis is not influenced by sex or age, although it is more common in adults (< 50 years) of African-American or Scandinavians decent. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2020 Feb;30(1):49-50

Department of Dermatology.

Dermatol Online J 2020 Feb 15;26(2). Epub 2020 Feb 15.

Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Patras.

Erythema nodosum (EN) is a form of septal panniculitis, which is believed to represent a delayed hypersensitivity reaction activated by infectious agents, drugs, granulomatous and autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, and malignancies. There are only four reported cases of EN during oral isotretinoin therapy to our knowledge, all of them occurring in patients with severe acne. Since acne itself can trigger EN, the question as to whether there is indeed a causative relationship between isotretinoin and EN in the reported cases remains to be elucidated. Read More

Dermatopathology (Basel) 2019 Oct-Dec;6(4):266-270. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

A 69-year-old Vietnamese female presented with fever and new-onset tender subcutaneous nodules on her trunk and lower extremities initially thought to be clinically consistent with erythema nodosum. A biopsy showed an atypical, predominantly lobular lymphocytic panniculitis with admixed neutrophils, karyorrhectic debris, and histiocytes with subcutaneous fat necrosis. Immunohistochemistry was consistent with gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 Mar 30. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.

Deformities of bones of the face and extremities are markers of leprosy (Hansen's disease) which contribute to stigma associated with this disease. Among these deformities are articular alterations that can mimic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this case, a 64-year-old man presented with a history of having been treated for lepromatous leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum episodes, which evolved with joint alterations similar to those of RA. Read More

Dermatology 2020 Mar 27:1-6. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is sometimes associated with skin or mucous membrane eruptions. Available reviews do not address the association of Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia with skin eruptions. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the literature addressing this issue. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2020 Mar 21;7(3):ofaa060. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Hansen's disease (HD) is rare in the United States, but a steady number of cases are diagnosed annually, especially in southern areas where armadillos are present. Challenges associated with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a complication of multibacillary leprosy, call for novel regimens. We present a case of a man with recalcitrant ENL from HD likely acquired in the United States. Read More

Cureus 2020 Feb 10;12(2):e6928. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Internal Medicine, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center, Karachi, PAK.

Introduction Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIM) play an important role in the mortality, morbidity, and quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Understanding the prevalence and clinical course of these manifestations is important to understand and manage CD. Materials and methods The hospital records of 103 patients diagnosed with CD between July 2016 and December 2019 at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 May;102(5):1131-1136

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors increase susceptibility to tuberculosis, but the effect of biologics on susceptibility to leprosy has not been described. Moreover, biologics may play a role in treating erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). The objectives of this systematic review were to determine whether the development of clinical leprosy is increased in patients being treated with biologics and to assess the use of biologics in treating leprosy reactions. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Mar;99(10):e19355

Division of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

A remarkable increase in the prevalence of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has occurred worldwide. However, updated data regarding cutaneous NTM infection in Thailand is limited.This study aim to describe the clinical manifestations, pathogenic organism, and prognostic factors of cutaneous NTM infections among patients living in Thailand. Read More

Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020 Mar;59(3):222-224

Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.

To analyze the perceptions of cardiovascular specialists about Behcet's disease and its cardiovascular lesions in Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. A survey using questionnaires was conducted among cardiovascular specialists in the hospital, the differences among groups were analyzed with χ(2) analyses. Less than half of the cardiovascular specialists were familiar with the diagnostic criteria of Behcet's disease (32. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020 Jun 21;18:100619. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Athens Vision Eye Institute, Athens, Greece.

Purpose: To report a case of Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) presenting as bilateral episcleritis and interstitial keratitis along with erythema nodosum and atrial fibrillation and to review the ophthalmic literature on PAN with anterior segment findings.

Observations: A 35-year old man presented with a two-month history of bilateral episcleritis, skin lesions consistent with erythema nodosum, joint effusions and episodes of prolonged diarrhea and atrial fibrillation. Ophthalmic examination was significant for bilateral diffuse episcleral injection and nummular corneal stromal infiltrates. Read More

Clin Rheumatol 2020 Feb 14. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sifa University, İzmir, Turkey.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma which etiology is unknown yet. Adipokines are different proteins synthesized by adipose tissue that have an influence on angiogenesis, hemostasis, lipid metabolism, and immune system regulation. Adipokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Read More

Oxf Med Case Reports 2020 Jan 31;2020(1):omz130. Epub 2020 Jan 31.

Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Leptospirosis is a common disease between humans and animals characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. Erythema nodosum (EN) is a common clinical form of panniculitis or subcutaneous adipose inflammation caused by hypersensitivity responses to antigens, but the presence of EN in a subject with leptospirosis is a very rare case presentation. We will present a 42-year-old man with a headache, myalgia, nausea and rigid tender on the shin and both forearms, which was a typical form of EN lesions. Read More

Immunohorizons 2020 02 7;4(2):47-56. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an inflammatory complication in leprosy. Yet, the involvement of ENL neutrophils in the inflammatory response against remains poorly explored. Our primary aim was to investigate the utility of the surface expression of neutrophil IL-10R1 as an ENL biomarker and, secondarily, to evaluate whether leprosy or healthy -stimulated neutrophils produce cytokines and are able to respond to IL-10. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2020 Jan-Feb;65(1):50-52

Department of Dermatology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Cutaneous lesions in sarcoidosis are seen in nearly 20-30% and include lesions like papules, nodules, plaques, infiltrated scars, and erythema nodosum. Lichenoid variants of cutaneous sarcoidosis, a type of papular variant is quite rare. Herein we report a case of lichenoid sarcoidosis in a 40-year-old male who presented with raised itchy lesions over his legs and lower back of 8 years duration. Read More

Intern Emerg Med 2020 Feb 1. Epub 2020 Feb 1.

Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases, Behçet's Disease and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Rheumatology Unit, Policlinico "Le Scotte", viale Bracci 16, 53100, Siena, Italy.

Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystemic disorder displaying a marked variability across different geographic areas. The main aim of this study was to analyze demographic and clinical features of a cohort of BS patients diagnosed in three tertiary referral centers in Italy and detect potential associations between the different manifestations. Medical records of 396 patients (218 females, 178 males) were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2020 Mar-Apr;38 Suppl 124(2):61-68. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives: Case reports and series suggest that Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) can co-exist with other inflammatory disorders. We conducted a formal study to look specifically at the frequency of such inflammatory disorders in a large cohort of TAK followed by a single tertiary centre.

Methods: There were 238 patients registered with a diagnosis of TAK. Read More

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2020 Feb 21;10(1):221-229. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, CA, USA.

Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor. Anastrozole competitively inhibits the aromatase enzyme, which synthesizes estrogen. It is used for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020 Apr 3;96(4):114984. Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Leonard Wood Memorial Center for Leprosy Research, Cebu, Philippines.

Simple measures that can facilitate early recognition of leprosy complications are still lacking. We therefore evaluated a lateral flow-based rapid diagnostic test and fast enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measuring anti-LID-NDO antibody responses among leprosy cases in Cebu, Philippines. Responses were measured at diagnosis, then during and after the provision of standard multidrug therapy. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 May 5;34(5):e228-e229. Epub 2020 Feb 5.

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Monterrey, México.

Dig Dis Sci 2020 Jan 10. Epub 2020 Jan 10.

Price Institute of Surgical Research, The Hiram C. Polk Jr., MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, 550 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.

Background: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon but severe extra-intestinal manifestation (EIM) of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The incidence and risk factors for PG are disputed.

Aims: To assess the incidence of PG and identify factors associated with PG in IBD patients. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2019 ;60(3):955-961

Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;

Behçet's disease is a multi-systemic vasculitis of small arteriolar and venular vessels, which shows a wide range of clinical manifestations, such as oral and genital aphthosis, erythema nodosum, panuveitis, complex gastrointestinal disorders, the early onset of neurological involvement being a negative prognostic factor in evolution. We present the case of a 36-year-old patient, who was admitted in the Clinic of Rheumatology for recurrent-neglected oral aphthosis, recurrent erythema nodosum, left hip pain, reduction of visual acuity of the right eye, weight loss, profuse sweating, marked fatigability. From the personal history was retained avascular necrosis of right femoral head, with arthroplasty at this level, human leukocyte antigen-B51 (HLA-B51) positive. Read More

Int J Womens Dermatol 2019 Dec 3;5(5):387-388. Epub 2019 Sep 3.

Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.

J Dermatol 2020 Mar 6;47(3):223-235. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Institute of Dermato-Immunology and Allergy, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan.

In the current study, we present guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the mucocutaneous lesions of Behçet's disease, which is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the involvement of various organs, including mucocutaneous, ocular, vascular, intestinal and central nervous system lesions. It is often identified in the Middle East Mediterranean to East Asia region. Skin manifestations include erythema nodosum, papulopustular lesions and thrombophlebitis, and mucosal manifestations include oral and genital ulcers. Read More

Breast J 2020 May 22;26(5):1043-1044. Epub 2019 Dec 22.

Department of Radiology, University of Florida College of Medicine Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

QJM 2019 Dec 20. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprosy; R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata; West Bengal, India.

Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) is an immune complex-mediated reaction that may complicate the course of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous cases of leprosy. Severe ENL can become vesicular or bullous and very rarely breakdown into an ulcerative skin lesions and is termed as Erythema Necroticans (ENe). It generally occurs during the course of multidrug therapy, though its de novo occurrence has been reported. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr 4;147(4):298-302. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Clinique dermatologique, université de Strasbourg, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France.

Introduction: Streptococcal infections can cause various skin manifestations related to the direct action of the offending organism itself or to a reactional mechanism. Reactional manifestations are less well known and understood, and they include generalized acute pustulosis belonging to the spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses. We report a case of generalized acute pustulosis followed by Sweet syndrome and erythema nodosum occurring after a streptococcal infection. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2019 Nov-Dec;10(6):663-668. Epub 2019 Nov 1.

Department of Dermatology, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India.

Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It is diagnosed based on clinical features and confirmed on the histological findings and peripheral slit-skin smear staining. Dermoscopy is a handy, easily accessible tool to diagnose this granulomatous disease and classify patients based on the immunological and clinical response. Read More

Curr Rheumatol Rev 2019 Oct 6. Epub 2019 Oct 6.

Rheumatology, physical medicine and rehabilitation department, Al-Azhar University. Egypt.

Objective: To describe the clinical features in patients with Behcet's disease suffering from uveitis in Egypt and to compare the incidence of findings between both genders.

Methods: 453 subjects fulfilling 1990 Classification criteria for Behcet's disease and having uveitis in at least one eye. Follow-up was done for two years. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2019 17;12:3249-3257. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belem, PA, Brazil.

Background And Objective: In highly endemic areas, severe multibacillary forms of leprosy and reactional episodes are not rare in children. The objective of the present study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of leprosy reactions in children from the Brazilian Amazon.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 34 leprosy patients aged under 15 years diagnosed at a health referral unit in northern Brazil between April 2014 and June 2015. Read More

Intern Emerg Med 2019 Dec 4. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Venous Thromboembolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Calle Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.

Almost one third of patients with Behçet's syndrome (BS) display vascular involvement. However, data regarding the prevalence and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in BS are scanty. We assessed the differential characteristics between patients with and without VTE and the factors associated with VTE incidence. Read More

Viruses 2019 11 28;11(12). Epub 2019 Nov 28.

Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.

One of the human- and animal-pathogenic species in genus is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes enteric infections, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and sometimes sequelae such as reactive arthritis and erythema nodosum. is able to proliferate at 4 C, making it dangerous if contaminated food products are stored under refrigeration. The most common source of is raw pork meat. Read More

J Immunol Res 2019 7;2019:3405103. Epub 2019 Nov 7.

National Reference Center for Sanitary Dermatology and Leprosy, Clinics' Hospital, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG 38401-404, Brazil.

Leprosy reactions are acute immunological events that occur during the evolution of chronic infectious disease causing neural damage and disabilities. A study using blood samples of 17 leprosy reaction patients and 17 reaction-free was carried out by means of associations between antigens, receptors, and expression of cytokines, using path analysis providing new insights into the immunological mechanisms involved in triggering leprosy reactions. Toll-like receptors (TLR) such as TLR1 and TLR2, presented balanced expression in the reaction-free multibacillary (MB) group (TLR1: 1. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2019 Sep - Oct;94(5):594-602. Epub 2019 Oct 2.

Laboratory of Applied Research in Dermatology and Bartonella Infection, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Discipline of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

Bartonellosis are diseases caused by any kind of Bartonella species. The infection manifests as asymptomatic bacteremia to potentially fatal disorders. Many species are pathogenic to humans, but three are responsible for most clinical symptoms: Bartonella bacilliformis, Bartonella quintana, and Bartonella henselae. Read More

Case Rep Gastroenterol 2019 Sep-Dec;13(3):456-461. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

Erythema nodosum is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction with an unknown trigger in the majority of cases. It is characterized by the development of erythematous tender nodules on the shins. Septal panniculitis without vasculitis is a characteristic histopathological finding. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Nov 19;12(11). Epub 2019 Nov 19.

Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, Japan.