Saudi Pharm J 2017 Jul 12;25(5):813-815. Epub 2016 Nov 12.

Yildirim Beyazit University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey.

Erythema nodosum (EN), is the most common variant of septal panniculitis and is possibly a delayed hypersensitivity reaction triggered by a wide range of antigenic stimuli. Hypersensitivity reactions due to medications have been recognized as a cause of 3-10% of EN cases. Case reports of EN associated with the anti-thyroid drugs are quite rarely reported in the literature even if there is a common use of anti-thyroid drugs. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Jul;96(29):e7595

aDepartment of Internal Medicine bDepartment of Dermatology cDepartment of Pulmonary dDepartment of Pathology eDepartment of Ophthalmology fDepartment of Neurology gDepartment of PET Unit-Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge hUniversity of Barcelona iFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya jBellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

Cohort studies of large series of patients with sarcoidosis over a long period of time are scarce. The aim of this study is to report a 40-year clinical experience of a large series of patients at Bellvitge University Hospital, a tertiary university hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis required histological confirmation except in certain specific situations. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017 Jun;96(6):1362-1364

Department of Leprosy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

AbstractErythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), also known as type II leprosy reaction, is a severe immune-mediated complication of multibacillary leprosy. For ENL, corticosteroids and thalidomide are the mainstays of treatment. Other immunosuppressants, such as clofazimine, cyclosporine, and azathioprine have also been used. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Jul 3;11(7):e0005716. Epub 2017 Jul 3.

Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Objectives: We wished to validate our recently devised 16-item ENLIST ENL Severity Scale, a clinical tool for measuring the severity of the serious leprosy associated complication of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). We also wished to assess the responsiveness of the ENLIST ENL Severity Scale in detecting clinical change in patients with ENL.

Methods: Participants, recruited from seven centres in six leprosy endemic countries, were assessed using the ENLIST ENL Severity Scale by two researchers, one of whom categorised the severity of ENL. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2017 Jun 27. Epub 2017 Jun 27.

Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Erythema nodosum leprosum is an immune-mediated complication of leprosy which causes significant morbidity. Biomarkers in the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum leprosum are not yet fully determined.

Aim: To determine macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in the sera of leprosy patients with erythema nodosum leprosum and to correlate the same with clinical parameters. Read More

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017 Jun 23. Epub 2017 Jun 23.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with its two main subtypes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis is not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract. Indeed, so-called extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequent and considerably affect morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of EIMs ranges from 6 to 47%. Read More

Tanaffos 2017 ;16(1):80-83

Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease that can involve multiple organs including the lungs, eyes, nerves, and skin. Cosmetic tattooing can be a predisposing factor for sarcoidosis, and its incidence is likely to increase along with its popularity. A 47-year-old woman with symptoms of fever and polyarthritis along with erythema nodosum lesions on the legs, swollen eyebrows, and a history of multiple eyebrow tattooing was referred to our center. Read More

J Immunol Res 2017 28;2017:8139591. Epub 2017 May 28.

Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.

Even though infections are the most common cause of erythema nodosum (EN), only certain microorganisms take the great interest such as streptococci in knowledge. Our aim was to examine the frequency and type of infections in EN, to determine the characteristics of patients with an infectious etiology, and to discuss the role of these microbes in EN pathology in the context of their interactions with humans. Charts of 81 patients with EN who were seen between 2003 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Ter Arkh 2017 ;89(5):79-82

V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia.

Behçet's disease (BD) is systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, which is more common in the countries located along the Great Silk Road. The disease is diagnosed if a patient has 4 key diagnostic signs: aphthous stomatitis, genital sores, and eye and skin lesions. Vascular diseases referred to as minor criteria for BD are characterized by the formation of aneurysms and thrombosis, predominantly in the venous bed. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2017 Aug;152(4):392-394

Dermatopathological Laboratory, San Gallicano Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy.

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017 Jan-Mar;56(205):141-144

Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

Introduction: Histopathologic diagnosis of leprosy is difficult when Bacillary Index (BI) is zero and neural involvement are not easily identifiable on routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. This study was undertaken to study the role of S-100 immunostaining in demonstrating different patterns of nerve involvement in various types of leprosy.

Methods: Thirty one skin biopsies with clinico-histopathologic diagnoses of leprosy over a period of two years were included in the study. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2017 6;4(2):ofx072. Epub 2017 Apr 6.

Infectious Diseases.

Lysinibacillus massiliensis, formerly Bacillus massiliensis, is an environmental Gram-positive bacillus that is generally non-pathogenic. Rare case reports in immunosuppressed patients have described sepsis with this organism. In this study, we report a case of L massiliensis as a cause of infectious panniculitis mimicking erythema nodosum after infusion of autologous adipose-derived stem cells in an immunosuppressed patient with refractory Crohn's disease. Read More

J Clin Apher 2017 Jun 5. Epub 2017 Jun 5.

Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: In ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, cytapheresis depletes elevated and activated leucocytes, which are known to release inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Further, there are UC patients who develop erythema nodosum (EN) or pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) as extra-intestinal manifestations of UC.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2015, 181 consecutive patients with active UC received cytapheresis with either a granulocyte and monocyte apheresis (GMA) column or with a leucocyte removal filter (LCAP) as remission induction therapy. Read More

Hautarzt 2017 Jun 2. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Klinik- und Poliklinik für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruchstr., 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland.

Background: Medical compression therapy is widely used to treat phlebologic diseases. Compression bandages as well as compression stockings are used. Compression has been identified to be an effective conservative therapy for the healing of venous ulcers and other indications. Read More

Curr Med Chem 2017 May 31. Epub 2017 May 31.

Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari. Italy.

Thalidomide is a drug with interesting therapeutic properties but also with severe side effects, which require a careful and monitored use. Potential immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and sedative properties make thalidomide a good candidate for the treatment of several diseases such as multiple myeloma. Through an increase in the degradation of TNFα-mRNA, thalidomide reduces the production of TNFα by monocytes and macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or by T lymphocytes induced by mitogenic stimuli. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017 ;161(0):D1061

Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam.

Erythema nodosum is a skin disorder that is characterised by the presence of painful erythematous nodules and plaques, mainly located on the shins. This disorder is associated with comorbidities and can be considered as an aspecific reaction pattern to a broad range of causes. However, an idiopathic variant also exists, which occurs in 22-72% of cases. Read More

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017 May 26. Epub 2017 May 26.

Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Dermatologie-Allergologie, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.

Dermatologic manifestations are observed in almost all systemic vasculitides, even in large-and medium-vessel vasculitides, although such vessels are not found in the skin. Cutaneous manifestations may be related to a direct skin localization of the systemic vasculitis or a non-specific process associated with the vasculitis. According to the 2012 International Chapel Hill consensus, the two major variants of large-vessel vasculitides are Takayasu arteritis and giant-cell arteritis. Read More

F1000Res 2017 23;6:310. Epub 2017 Mar 23.

Dermatology Department, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, 38050, Turkey.

Recently, a few case reports and clinical studies have been published that explore the association of Behçet's Disease (BD) and vitiligo, with conflicting results. Genetic and immunological properties of BD and presence of autoantibodies support autoimmunity, but clinical features suggest autoinflammatory diseases. BD is thought to be a cornerstone between autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Read More

Curr Drug Saf 2017 May 18. Epub 2017 May 18.

Department of General Medicine, Institute Of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005. India.

Thalidomide, previously banned owing to the issues of teratogenicity is being used and tested for a variety of dermatological and non dermatological conditions. The drug has been approved for the management of ENL and Multiple myeloma. The drug is commonly known to produce adverse effects like peripheral neuropathy and constipation. Read More

PLoS One 2017 15;12(5):e0177815. Epub 2017 May 15.

Department of Clinical Immunology, Colleges of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) infection causes nerve damage and the condition worsens often during and long after treatment. Clearance of bacterial antigens including lipoarabinomannan (LAM) during and after treatment in leprosy patients is slow. Read More

Z Rheumatol 2017 Jun;76(5):408-414

Poliklinik, Funktionsbereich und Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.

Musculoskeletal manifestations in the context of sarcoidosis are frequently observed. The rheumatologist regularly encounters this disease in clinical practice. In the present review, we aim to give a current overview of the manifestations and treatments relevant to the practicing rheumatologist. Read More

Cureus 2017 Mar 29;9(3):e1125. Epub 2017 Mar 29.

Gastroenterology, PVS Institute of Digestive Diseases, PVS Memorial Hospital.

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a rare liver condition in which widespread benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules occur, leading to development of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Conditions associated with NRH include rheumatologic, hematological, autoimmune, infectious, neoplastic, or drug-related etiology. Accurate diagnosis is made on liver biopsy, showing diffuse micronodular transformation in the absence of fibrosis. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2017 Apr 25. Epub 2017 Apr 25.

Dermatology Department, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.

GATA2 mutations have been identified in various diseases, such as monoMAC syndrome, Emberger syndrome, familial myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK cell deficiency. These syndromes present a wide range of clinical features, dominated by severe infections and haematological disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome. Up to 70% of GATA2-mutated patients have dermatological features, mainly genital or extra-genital warts, panniculitis or erythema nodosum, and lymphedema. Read More

Curr Mol Med 2017 Mar 31. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Medical Clinic III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789 Bochum, Germany.

Thalidomide is a teratogen that affects many organs but primarily induces limb truncations like phocomelia. Rodents are thalidomide resistant. In the 1950s, this has led to misinterpretations of animal tests and to the fatal assumption that the drug was safe for pregnant women to use against morning sickness. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017 Apr 13. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

NYU Hospital for Joint Disease, New York, NY, USA.

Objectives: To assess adherence to published guidelines for the treatment of Behçet's syndrome (BS) in two geographic areas.

Methods: We extracted guideline statements from the 2008 EULAR recommendations. Adherence to these statements was evaluated retrospectively in both New York (USA) and Amsterdam (The Netherlands), by reviewing records from patients fulfilling the ISG criteria. Read More

Med Sante Trop 2017 Feb;27(1):101-104

Service de médecine interne, CHU Tidjani Damerdji Tlemcen, 13000 Algérie.

The aim of the current study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical features of Behçet disease in western Algeria. This observational retrospective study examined records for patients with Behçet disease seen in our department from 1990 to 2015. Of the 61 patients included in the study, 80. Read More

Rev Med Liege 2017 Jan;72(1):43-44

Service de Dermatologie, CHU de Liège, site du Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgique.

Erythema nodosum is an acute nodular panniculitis, mainly affecting young women. Diverse etiologies are evoked, but the most frequent are sarcoidosis (Löfgren syndrome), streptococcal infections, yersiniosis and inflammatory enteropathies. Antalgic drugs and rest are usually adequate in this condition, which is spontaneously of favourable evolution. Read More

Int J Colorectal Dis 2017 Aug 31;32(8):1197-1205. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Digestive Disease Department, University of Valencia, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez Av. 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.

Purpose: Several studies demonstrate an increased prevalence and concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among the relatives of patients. Other studies suggest that genetic influence is over-estimated. The aims of this study are to evaluate the phenotypic expression and the treatment requirements in familial inflammatory bowel disease, to study the relationship between number of relatives and degree of kinship with disease severity and to quantify the impact of family aggregation compared to other environmental factors. Read More

Front Immunol 2017 13;8:233. Epub 2017 Mar 13.

Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London , UK.

Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is a painful inflammatory complication of leprosy occurring in 50% of lepromatous leprosy patients and 5-10% of borderline lepromatous patients. It is a significant cause of economic hardship, morbidity and mortality in leprosy patients. Our understanding of the causes of ENL is limited. Read More

J Gen Intern Med 2017 Jul 23;32(7):836-840. Epub 2017 Mar 23.

Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017 Jan-Mar;31(1):42-44. Epub 2016 Dec 20.

Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Saudi Arabia.

A 33-year-old man with history of lymphoma was misdiagnosed as multiple sclerosis (MS) 18 months previously, developed intermediate uveitis, unresponsive to interferon, and corticosteroids. A diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) was made on the basis of recurrent orogenital ulceration, erythema nodosum, and a positive pathergy test. The patient was started on Tocilizumab and experienced an improvement in visual acuity and intraocular inflammation over the following 2 weeks. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 Mar 20. Epub 2017 Mar 20.

Foundation Global Dermatology, Gracht 15, 8485KN, Munnekeburen, The Netherlands.

Z Rheumatol 2017 Jun;76(5):382-390

Abteilung für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland.

Skin manifestations of sarcoidosis occur in up to 30% of cases. This review summarizes and illustrates in detail the differences between specific and unspecific skin manifestations of sarcoidosis. Important differential diagnoses, such as tuberculosis, cutaneous lymphoma and syphilis have to be excluded. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017 Mar 11;18(1):101. Epub 2017 Mar 11.

Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.

Background: This study reports on the analysis of the application and diagnostic predictability of the revised 2014 ICBD criteria in an unselected cohort of UK patients, and the ensuing organ associations and patterns of disease.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a database of electronic medical records. Three categories were recognised: clinically defined BD, incomplete BD and rejected diagnoses of BD. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017 Mar 8. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 10016, New York, NY, USA.

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2017 Jul - Aug;108(6):591-593. Epub 2017 Mar 2.

Servicio de Dermatología y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, España.

Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2017;114(3):445-449

Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Central Hospital.

A 19-year-old woman, who had been receiving hormone replacement therapy for 13 months before the diagnosis of mosaic Turner syndrome (46XXp-/45X), developed Crohn's colitis and erythema nodosum of the lower legs. Colonoscopy revealed an anal fistula and the presence of deep longitudinal ulcers with cobblestoning in the colorectum. Therapy with prednisolone and adalimumab was effective for the intestinal and skin lesions. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2017 Jan 3;3(1):58-60. Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Nia K. Terezakis, APMC, Private Practice, Metairie, Louisiana.

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Feb 21;11(2):e0005396. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.

Background: Leprosy reactions, reversal reactions/RR and erythema nodosum leprosum/ENL, can cause irreversible nerve damage, handicaps and deformities. The study of Mycobacterium leprae-specific serologic responses at diagnosis in the cohort of patients enrolled at the Clinical Trial for Uniform Multidrug Therapy Regimen for Leprosy Patients in Brazil/U-MDT/CT-BR is suitable to evaluate its prognostic value for the development of reactions.

Methodology: IgM and IgG antibody responses to PGL-I, LID-1, ND-O-LID were evaluated by ELISA in 452 reaction-free leprosy patients at diagnosis, enrolled and monitored for the development of leprosy reactions during a total person-time of 780,930 person-days, i. Read More

Australas J Dermatol 2017 Feb 17. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) and cutaneous sarcoidosis are granulomatous disorders with a largely unknown aetiopathogenesis. Evidence of co-existing NL and sarcoidosis in the same patient may suggest a degree of overlap between these entities through shared granulomatous inflammatory pathways. Occasionally, one condition can mimic the other, making their distinction difficult. Read More

Int J Circumpolar Health 2016 Jan;75(1):32666

a Department of Epidemiology Research Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark.

Objective This study estimates the erythema nodosum (EN) incidence in a tuberculosis (TB) endemic setting and evaluates the likelihood of a subsequent TB diagnosis among individuals with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) with or without EN. Design We estimated EN incidence rates (IRs) in East Greenland in 2010-2011 and conducted a cohort study following all individuals who tested positive for MTI from 1 January 2010 until 31 December 2012. A personal identifier allowed individual follow-up in the mandatory TB register. Read More

Eur J Rheumatol 2016 Dec 1;3(4):157-160. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey.

Objective: Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis with a significantly varying clinical course following relapses and remissions, which may involve a number of organs such as the skin, joints, lungs, and blood vessels as well as systems such as the central nervous system and gastrointestinal system. Its prognosis is known to be worse in males. There are several studies in the literature on the clinical features and gender distribution of BD. Read More

Clin Rheumatol 2017 May 27;36(5):1189-1196. Epub 2017 Jan 27.

Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.

This study examined the pathogenesis of early-onset sarcoidosis (EOS) in a patient with a rare NOD2 mutation and surveyed the literature to identify the hallmark features for early diagnosis. An infant girl suffering from prolonged fever and skin rash of multiple pinkish papules and subsequent erythema nodosum was referred to our institution. Skin biopsy and DNA sequencing were performed along with cytokine profiling of the patient's serum and stimulated mononuclear cells. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2017 May 27;34(3):261-272. Epub 2016 Dec 27.

Section of Dermatopathology,Dermatopathology, Division of Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address:

The diagnosis of panniculitis is felt to be a confusing topic by some pathologists. This summarical article presents inflammatory diseases of the subcutis in a systematic fashion, based on whether they are centered on fibrovascular septa or the adipose lobules, and whether morphologic vasculitis is present or not. Septocentric, non-vasculitis disorders include erythema nodosum, panniculitis that follows the use of "biological" therapeutic agents, lipodermatosclerosis, post-irradiation panniculitis, morphea profunda, and necrobiosis lipodica profunda. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2016 Sep-Dec;8(3):354-357. Epub 2016 Dec 7.

University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

We report a Caucasian female who presented with simultaneous erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum due to underlying Takayasu's arteritis. Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic large vessel vasculitis of unknown cause. The disease has a worldwide distribution but is most commonly seen in Asian populations. Read More

Am J Dermatopathol 2017 Apr;39(4):259-266

*Dermatopathology Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany; †Department of Pathology, APHP Cochin Hospital, University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; ‡Department of Dermatology, Saint Pierre-Brugmann and Children's University Hospitals, UniversiteLibre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; and §Divisions of Dermatopathology and Dermatology, Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY.

Inflammatory and subcutaneous nodules can arise in treated and untreated cases of Whipple disease (WD). The inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome describes paradoxical clinical inflammatory worsening of a preexisting condition because of a return of immune function. Clinicopathologic examination of 4 patients with WD who presented with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL)-like lesions and the findings of a systematic review of this phenomenon revealed that ENL-like lesions occurred in predominantly middle-aged male patients who suffered from WD, mostly on the legs. Read More

Hip Pelvis 2016 Dec 28;28(4):249-253. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Department of Orthopedics, Iaso General Hospital, Athens, Greece.

A case of a female patient with local and systemic complications of metallosis, following catastrophic wear of a revised hip arthroplasty, is presented. The patient had a history of a fractured ceramic-on-ceramic implant, exchanged with a metal-on-polyethylene prosthesis. Systemic complications included sarcoidosis-like reactions, presenting as granulomatous lung disease, along with chorioretinitis, erythema nodosum, and cardiomyopathy. Read More

Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Mar 1;11(3):203-214. Epub 2017 Feb 1.

d Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Milan , Italy.

Introduction: Skin manifestations are common in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and can be part of a concomitant illness with a shared genetic background, an extra-intestinal manifestation of the disease, or a drug side-effect. Areas covered: We provide a practical overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapeutic approach and prognosis of the most frequent disease-related and drug-induced cutaneous manifestations in IBD, illustrated by cases encountered in our clinical practice. Among the most frequently encountered IBD-related lesions are erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet's syndrome. Read More