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Front Vet Sci 2020 15;7:174. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan.

spp. comprise a group of small Gram-positive bacteria that can infect a variety of hosts including mammals, fish, birds, reptiles and insects. Among the eight species that have been described to date, only plays a major role in farmed livestock where it is the causative agent of erysipelas. Read More

J Dermatolog Treat 2020 Jan 8:1-11. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL) is endemic in Iran and most cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are caused by , and then and rarely by . We aimed to describe clinical variants of OWCL and their treatments. Through literature search in PubMed, Scopus and Embase and google scholar, we have found articles about variant clinical pictures of OWCL and their treatments. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 19;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Heart and Vascular Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA

is a Gram-positive bacillus that is ubiquitous in nature. The bacterium is a zoonotic pathogen known to infect wild and domestic animals. Human infections, however, are uncommon and typically present with localised or generalised cutaneous lesions. Read More

IDCases 2019 29;18:e00631. Epub 2019 Aug 29.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center, Japan.

is a major causative organism of swine erysipelas, but the infection has rarely occurred in humans. A soft-tissue infection with this organism is described as "erysipeloid." Most reported cases in human are related to occupational exposure. Read More

Vet Dermatol 2019 Oct 31;30(5):434-e134. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, PO Box 100126, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.

Background: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a widespread Gram-positive, nonsporulating rod bacterium predominantly associated with skin disease in swine and cetaceans. Cutaneous lesions have yet to be described in dogs.

Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, molecular and histopathological diagnosis, and treatment of a case of erysipeloid caused by E. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2019 Jun 8;124:352-356. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. E. rhusiopathiae CbpB has been reported to be a protective antigen, but its pathogenic roles are not known. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Mar 25;19(1):282. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3B20-11111 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5K 0L4, Canada.

Background: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a zoonotic pathogen that causes erysipeloid and is most frequently associated with exposure to domestic swine. Infection of native and prosthetic joints is a rarely reported manifestation.

Case Presentation: We describe a case of E. Read More

Infect Dis Rep 2018 Nov 6;10(3):7770. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.

has an economic impact in animal husbandry by causing infection in swine, sheep and poultry. is present in the surface mucoid slime on fish, although fishes do not seem to be affected. Humans can get infected, maost often through occupational exposure and may suffer typical erysipeloid infection on exposed skin such as on hands and fingers, or deeper skin infections, and sometimes sepsis and endocarditis, associated with high case-fatality rate. Read More

Vaccine 2018 12 13;36(52):8079-8083. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. Bacterial surface proteins are promising vaccine candidates. We recently identified 3 E. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2018 Nov 18;225:101-104. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan; Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. Electronic address:

Among the four species of the genus Erysipelothrix, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the main species that causes disease in swine and poultry and has also been isolated from human patients. Recently, E. rhusiopathiae infections in domesticated animals have increased in many countries and are also the cause of emerging wildlife disease in arctic and boreal ecosystems. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Oct 10;4(9):918-920. Epub 2018 Oct 10.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018 Jun;64(6):492-497

Medical School of Valença - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Erysipelatoid Carcinoma (EC), also known as Inflammatory Metastatic Carcinoma, is a rare form of cutaneous metastasis, secondary to an internal malignancy, more often related to breast cancer. Clinically, the lesion has a well-marked, bound erythematous appearance, much like an infectious process, such as erysipelas and cellulitis, these being the most common differential diagnoses. It is characterized by an acute or subacute appearance with an erythematous plaque, sometimes hot and painful, being more often situated in the primary tumor vicinity, especially in the thorax wall in the region of a mastectomy due to breast cancer. Read More

J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019 Jul 24;25(5):1271-1274. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

2 Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.

Introduction: Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat several solid organ malignancies. The most common cutaneous toxicities are a mild erythematous rash and pruritus, which are often attributed to infectious etiologies. However, certain clinical characteristics may favor a drug-related reaction. Read More

Infect Immun 2018 09 22;86(9). Epub 2018 Aug 22.

National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

causes swine erysipelas, an infection characterized by acute septicemia or chronic endocarditis and polyarthritis. Among 17 serovars, determined based on heat-stable peptidoglycan antigens, serovars 1 and 2 are most commonly associated with the disease; however, the molecular basis for the association between these serovars and virulence is unknown. To search for the genetic region defining serovar 1a (Fujisawa) strain antigenicity, we examined the 15-kb chromosomal region encompassing a putative pathway for polysaccharide biosynthesis, which was previously identified in the Fujisawa strain. Read More

Iran J Parasitol 2017 Oct-Dec;12(4):544-553

Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is associated with a broad and complex clinical spectrum of diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the clinical features and identification of the causative agents of CL in a well-known focus of anthroponotic CL (ACL) caused by , southeast Iran.

Methods: This study was performed randomly as a descriptive cross-sectional survey to evaluate 2000 CL patients by active and passive case-detection approaches in Kerman Province from 1994 to 2014. Read More

Microb Pathog 2018 Jan 28;114:166-168. Epub 2017 Nov 28.

Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. E. rhusiopathiae HP0728 and HP1472 have been reported to be down regulated in low-virulence or avirulent strains, but their pathogenic roles are not known. Read More

Microb Pathog 2017 Dec 14;113:176-180. Epub 2017 Oct 14.

Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China; Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China. Electronic address:

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. The major protective antigen SpaA was suggested to play important roles in E. rhusiopathiae adhesion to host cells, but there is no specific study on SpaA pathogenic roles in adhesion. Read More

JAMA Oncol 2017 11;3(11):1579-1580

Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Iran J Med Sci 2017 Jul;42(4):377-383

Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.

Background: () is generally transmitted into the gastrointestinal tract of animals by the intake of contaminated food or water and causes great economic loss in agriculture worldwide. Some of the spp. are the causative agents of erysipeloid, which is an occupational infection in humans. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2017 Jun;27(3):340-341

Dermatology and Venereology, Department, Hospital dos Capuchos, CHLC, Alameda Santo António dos Capuchos, 1169-050 Lisboa, Portugal.

Acta Trop 2017 Aug 17;172:240-254. Epub 2017 May 17.

Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Cariri, UFCA, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address:

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in 88 countries, showing relevant prevalences. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review on atypical lesions of CL around the world, addressing clinico-epidemiological, immunological and therapeutic aspects. A search of the literature was conducted via electronic databases Scopus and PubMed for articles published between 2010 and 2015. Read More

Open Med (Wars) 2016 23;11(1):121-124. Epub 2016 Jun 23.

Department of Surgery, S. Andrea Hospital, La Spezia, Italy.

Lymphedema is a chronic disease with a progressively ingravescent evolvement and an appearance of recurrent complications of acute lymphangitic type; in nature it is mostly erysipeloid and responsible for a further rapid increase in the volume and consistency of edema. The purpose of this work is to present our experience in the minimally invasive treatment for recurrence of lymphedema; adapting techniques performed in the past which included large fasciotomy with devastating results cosmetically; but these techniques have been proposed again by the use of endoscopic equipment borrowed from the advanced laparoscopy surgery, which allows a monoskin access of about one cm. Read More

Vet Res 2017 03 21;48(1):16. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. Previous studies suggested glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) plays a role in the pathogenesis of E. rhusiopathiae infection. Read More

Dermatology 2016 3;232(6):752-759. Epub 2017 Mar 3.

Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (code LR12ES08), Department of Clinical Biology B, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

Background/aims: The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on the microscopic detection of amastigote, isolation of the parasite, or the detection of Leishmania DNA. Nevertheless, since these techniques are time consuming and not usually available in many endemic countries, the diagnosis remains clinical. Consequently, such disease may be overlooked because of its similarity to other skin diseases. Read More

FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017 03;364(5)

Animal Infectious Disease Unit, National State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and human erysipeloid. Some pathogenic bacteria are able to recruit host plasminogen and then use the plasminogen system for migration across tissue barriers or for nutritional demands during infection. However, there is no study on E. Read More

Dis Aquat Organ 2016 10;121(3):249-256

Veterinary Services Department, SeaWorld of San Diego, 500 SeaWorld Drive, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of erysipeloid in humans and of erysipelas in various animals, including bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus, in which an infection has the potential to cause peracute septicemia and death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using an off-label porcine (ER BAC PLUS®, Zoetis) E. rhusiopathiae bactrin in a bottlenose dolphin vaccination program by determining the anti-E. Read More

PLoS One 2016 1;11(8):e0159462. Epub 2016 Aug 1.

Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.

E. rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of erysipelas in animals and erysipeloid in humans, but its pathogenicity is poorly understood. To identify virulence factors associated with E. Read More

J Am Geriatr Soc 2016 05;64(5):1130-2

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil.

Infect Dis Rep 2016 Mar 21;8(1):6368. Epub 2016 Mar 21.

Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital , Lecco, Italy.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacillus that is infrequently responsible for infections in humans. Three forms have been classified: a localized cutaneous form (erysipeloid) caused by traumatic penetration of E. rhusiopathiae, a generalized cutaneous form and a septicemic form. Read More

J Cancer Res Ther 2015 Oct-Dec;11(4):1024

Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain.

Some rare cases of erysipelas-like or pseudocellulitis have been reported in relation to gemcitabine. This rare adverse event is more frequent in the presence of edema. Here, we report a case of pseudocellulitis after adjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2015 Nov-Dec;6(6):396-8

Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hofuf Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) is an uncommon but distinctive form of cutaneous metastasis that usually manifests clinically as a fixed erythematous patch or plaque resembling cellulitis or erysipelas. The inflamed area may show a distinct raised edge at the periphery and also edema secondary to lymphatic obstruction. Histologically, dense carcinoma cells in the dermal vascular channels and dense perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate may be seen. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2015 Nov 20;8:128-30. Epub 2015 Oct 20.

Hand Surgery, Upper Limb and Microsurgery Department, Greece.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive bacterium that in humans causes skin infections, such as erysipeloid, as a result of direct contact with contaminated animals or their waste or products. We present the first reported case of tenosynovitis of a finger in a 30-year-old woman. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2015 25;21:54. Epub 2015 May 25.

Service de Biologie Médicale, 3ème Hôpital Militaire, Laayoune, Maroc.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016 Jul 7;30(7):1171-5. Epub 2015 Sep 7.

Center for Geographic Medicine and Tropical Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania major (L. major) is common in the Middle East; however, this skin infection may be under-diagnosed when it presents atypically.

Objective: To highlight the occurrence of uncommon presentations of CL that may elude diagnosis. Read More

Tunis Med 2014 Oct;92(10):649-50

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015 May 23;142(5):379-80. Epub 2015 Mar 23.

Service de dermatologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc.

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015 Feb 29;142(2):115-20. Epub 2014 Dec 29.

Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier de Périgueux, 80, avenue Georges-Pompidou, 24019 Périgueux cedex, France.

Background: Pemetrexed (Alimta(®)) is a new-generation antifolate used to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We report two cases of a new toxicity induced by pemetrexed: scleroderma-like induration of the lower extremities.

Patients And Methods: The first case concerned a 66-year-old man diagnosed with pulmonary adenocarcinoma metastatic from the outset and in whom maintenance treatment comprised pemetrexed after first-line therapy comprising six courses of cisplatin-pemetrexed. Read More

Med J Islam Repub Iran 2014 21;28:71. Epub 2014 Jul 21.

1. Professor, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis may present with clinical presentation such as zosteriform, sporotrichoid and erysipeloid. The eczema variant has rarely been reported. We report a 27- year- old patient with atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling eczema on the hand of a man in Yazd province in the central of Iran. Read More

Eur J Dermatol 2014 Jul-Aug;24(4):513-4

Department of dermatology and infectious diseases.

BMC Microbiol 2014 Jul 2;14:176. Epub 2014 Jul 2.

Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, F202, South Block, Faculty of Science Complex, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.

Background: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is the causative agent of animal erysipelas and, to a fewer occurrences, human erysipeloid. It is ubiquitous in nature and commensal in diverse species of animals, wild or domestic, from mammals and birds to reptiles and fish. Mechanisms of its virulence and pathogenicity are poorly understood. Read More

J Travel Med 2014 May-Jun;21(3):207-13. Epub 2014 Mar 14.

Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC), New Orleans, LA, USA.

Background: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in travelers often follow insect bites and can present a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from impetigo to necrotizing cellulitis. Significant SSTIs can also follow marine injuries and exposures in travelers, and the etiologies are often marine bacteria.

Methods: To meet the objectives of describing the pathogen-specific presenting clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment strategies, and outcomes of superficial and deep invasive infections in travelers caused by commonly encountered and newly emerging marine bacterial pathogens, Internet search engines were queried with the key words as MESH terms. Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2013 May-Jun;55(3):315-8

Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

The systemic autoinflammatory diseases are inflammatory disorders characterized by uncontrolled inflammation of the innate immune system. A common monogenic autoinflammatory disease is familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), associated with mutations in the MEFV gene. Another autoinflammatory disease group is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), which are characterized by urticarial rash and mutations of the gene NLRP. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2013 Jul-Aug;88(4):608-10

Fundação Lusíada, Santos(SP),Brazil.

Cutaneous metastasis is a phenomenon that results from a tumor spreading via lymphatic or vascular embolization, direct implant during surgery or skin involvement by contiguity. The primary malignant tumor that most commonly metastasizes to the skin in women is breast cancer, which can be manifested through papulonodular lesions, erysipeloid or sclerodermiform infiltration, en cuirasse. We report the case of a female patient, 78 years old, with papular, scaly and confluent lesions in the right breast for one year, progressing to edema and skin infiltration, reduction of breast volume and plaque en cuirasse, and similar lesions in the contralateral breast and abdomen for four months. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2013 Jul;4(3):185-7

Department of Pathology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research (MIMER) Medical College, Talegaon Dabhade. Pune, Maharashtra, India.

A 65-year-old male with a history of smoking since 30 years presented with breathlessness, hemoptysis, multiple swellings all over the body, and weakness in September 2010 at our hospital. Clinically, a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with cutaneous lymphoma or soft tissue tumor was made. Chest X-ray (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a neoplastic lesion in the right lung with secondary cavitation. Read More

Case Rep Infect Dis 2013 30;2013:474593. Epub 2013 May 30.

Department of Internal Medicine, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11237, USA.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a pleomorphic gram-positive bacillus, is found widely in nature or as a commensal pathogen. It infects domestic animals such as swine, which may be the major reservoir of the organism. E. Read More

Vet Dermatol 2012 Dec;23(6):528-e108

Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706-1100, USA.

Background: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe found worldwide and is most commonly associated with skin disease in swine, while anecdotal reports of cases in dogs have been associated with endocarditis.

Hypothesis/objectives: Clinicians should consider systemic infectious diseases as a potential cause of erythematous skin lesions.

Animals: A 5-year-old female spayed Labrador retriever presented with lethargy, anorexia and erythematous skin lesions while receiving immunosuppressive therapy for immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Read More

Clin Genet 2013 Jul 7;84(1):55-9. Epub 2012 Nov 7.

Department of Biomedical Sciences; Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, is a systemic auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of fever with peritonitis, pleuritis, synovitis and erysipeloid rash. The marenostrin-encoding fever (MEFV) gene, located on chromosome 16p13.3, is the only gene in which mutations are currently known to cause FMF. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2014 Mar-Apr;31(2):232-5. Epub 2012 Sep 7.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TennesseeDepartment of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.

Erysipeloid, a cutaneous infection with the gram-positive bacillus Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, is typically an occupational dermatosis seen in persons working with livestock or involved in commercial fishing (fishmongers). Other more-generalized forms of infection with this organism also exist, including a septic form usually associated with endocarditis. Many infections may be self-limited. Read More

Am J Ther 2012 Jul;19(4):e141-2

Department of Internal Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA.

The term "Pseudocellulitis" can be used to describe an uncomplicated nonnecrotizing inflammation of the dermis and hypodermis from a noninfectious etiology. Chemotherapeutic agents have been associated with a variety of cutaneous reactions, including radiation recall dermatitis, hypersensitivity reactions, and erysipeloid reactions. Gemcitabine (2,2-difluorodeoxycytidine) is currently being used for treatment of a variety of solid malignancies, including carcinoma of the lung. Read More

Eur Spine J 2012 Jun 17;21 Suppl 4:S557-63. Epub 2012 Apr 17.

Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bielanski Hospital, Ceglowska Str 80, 01-809, Warsaw, Poland.

Objectives: Erysipelas is an animal disease caused by Gram-positive bacteria Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Among the domestic animals, domestic pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica) suffers most frequently from the disease in human environment. Read More