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Dev Period Med 2019 ;23(1):28-33

Klinika Pediatrii Alergologii i Gastroenterologii Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska.

Vomiting is a common sign of illness in the pediatric population. Its etiology is diversified, ranging from mild functional disorders to severe life-threatening systemic diseases. Vomiting most often occurs in the course of gastrointestinal tract diseases, however, it may also coexist with numerous other ailments located outside the GI tract. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2019 Mar 12;22:101763. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Neurology Clinic, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center (MRC), Oulu, Finland.

Objective: Epilepsy causes measurable irregularity over a range of brain signal frequencies, as well as autonomic nervous system functions that modulate heart and respiratory rate variability. Imaging dynamic neuronal signals utilizing simultaneously acquired ultra-fast 10 Hz magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG), direct current electroencephalography (DC-EEG), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can provide a more comprehensive picture of human brain function. Spectral entropy (SE) is a nonlinear method to summarize signal power irregularity over measured frequencies. Read More

Wiad Lek 2019;72(1):120-123

Oddział Neurologiczny, Szpital Miejski w Zabrzu, Zabrze, Polska.

Generalized or partial epileptic seizures may be accompanied by autonomic dysfunction. They may also take the form of self-inflicted seizures or be present during interictal period. Arrhythmias, resulting in haemodynamic disturbances in the circulatory system and prolonged hypoxia of the central nervous system, may itself provoke secondary episodes of seizure morphology. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2019 May 4;63:8-12. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Threemilestone Industrial Estate, Truro TR4 9LD, UK; Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro TR1 3HD, UK. Electronic address:

Influential theories propose an important role for the autonomic nervous system in social behaviour and emotion regulation. Difficulties with these capabilities occur in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulation technique that stimulates autonomic pathways by means of an electrode implanted around the left vagus nerve in the neck. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2019 Mar 23;92:206-212. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

The University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia; King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RJ, UK. Electronic address:

Objectives: Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) resemble seizures but are psychological in origin. The etiology of PNES remains poorly understood, yet several theories argue for the importance of autonomic dysregulation in its pathophysiology. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to investigate autonomic dynamics leading up to a seizure to inform their mechanistic relevance. Read More

Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018 Dec 31;64(15):47-54. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Bezmialem Vakif University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı Vatan Caddesi 34093 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.

Clinical and experimental studies show that epilepsy affects cardiac function; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Inwardly-rectifying potassium (Kir) channels transport K+ ions into excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes; they control the cell excitability by acting towards the repolarization phase of cardiac action potential. Kir channel expression has been previously shown to vary in epileptic brains, at the same time seizures are known to affect the autonomic nervous system. Read More

Seizure 2019 Jan 13;64:65-73. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the major cause of epilepsy-related premature mortality which targets preferentially younger people. Its etiology remains unknown. Several risk factors have been identified with generalized tonic-clonic seizures as the most important one; seizure control remains the most effective measure of prevention. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 20;9:969. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) may regulate the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in epilepsy. The present study investigated the role of IGF-1 and BDNF in the regulation of autonomic functions and cerebral autoregulation in patients with epilepsy. A total of 57 patients with focal epilepsy and 35 healthy controls were evaluated and their sudomotor, cardiovagal, and adrenergic functions were assessed using a battery of ANS function tests, including the deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, head-up tilting, and Q-sweat tests. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2018 Dec;20(6):517-524

Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology.

The somatic marker hypothesis is an influential model of human decision-making postulating that somatic feedback to the brain enhances decision-making in ambiguous circumstances, i.e. when the probabilities of various outcomes are unknown. Read More

Seizure 2019 Jan 22;64:1-5. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, H-7623, Rét u. 2., Pécs, Hungary; PTE-MTA Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, H-7623, Rét u. 2, Hungary. Electronic address:

Purpose: To comprehensively analyze ictal piloerection (IP) in a large number of subjects.

Methods: We performed a systematic review on case report studies of patients diagnosed with IP (1929-2017) with additional cases included from the Department of Neurology of University of Pécs, the National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, and Odense University Hospital. Each included case was characterized regarding patient history, IP seizure characteristics, diagnostic work-up, and therapy. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Nov 23;24:8439-8448. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of treatment with transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) for patients with refractory epilepsy by evaluation of the frequency of seizures, electroencephalogram (EEG) changes, and quality of life on follow-up at three months and six months. MATERIAL AND METHODS EEG evaluation followed baseline evaluation with EEG at three months and six months following tVNS treatment. The frequency of seizures was recorded during the six-month study period. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2019 Apr 30;29(2):161-181. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, P.O. Box 540, 2130 AM, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands.

Purpose: Adequate epileptic seizure detection may have the potential to minimize seizure-related complications and improve treatment evaluation. Autonomic changes often precede ictal electroencephalographic discharges and therefore provide a promising tool for timely seizure detection. We reviewed the literature for seizure detection algorithms using autonomic nervous system parameters. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2019 Apr 16;29(2):195-204. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Objective: Epilepsy and seizures can have dramatic effects on cardiac function. The aim of the present study was to investigate deceleration capacity, acceleration capacity and their 24-h fluctuations of heart rate variability in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: Deceleration capacity, acceleration capacity of heart rate and their 24-h dynamics derived from the phase rectified signal averaging method as well as traditional measures were analyzed in 39 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and 33 healthy control subjects using 24-h electrocardiogram recordings. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 26;9:793. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.

Seizure-related autonomic dysregulation occurs in epilepsy patients and may contribute to Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). We tested how different types of seizures affect baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV). We hypothesized that BRS and HRV would be reduced after bilateral convulsive seizures (BCS). Read More

PLoS One 2018 25;13(9):e0204339. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy.

Epilepsy is often associated with modifications in autonomic nervous system, which usually precede the onset of seizures of several minutes. Thus, there is a great interest in identifying these modifications enough time in advance to prevent a dangerous effect and to intervene. In addition, these changes can be a risk factor for epileptic patients and can increase the possibility of death. Read More

J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019 Jan 29;30(1):109-115. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.

Background: Recently, certain forms of early repolarization (ER) on electrocardiograms (ECGs) have been considered a possible marker of increased sudden cardiac death risk. The frequency, characteristics, and clinical follow-up with which these forms of ER are present in epilepsy patients, and whether or not abnormal ER contributes to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy patients (SUDEP) is unknown.

Methods And Results: The amplitude of J peak and ST-segment morphology after ER on 12-lead ECGs were assessed in 354 epilepsy patients (age, 33 ± 16 years; 54% men) and 140 age- and sex-matched control subjects (age, 31 ± 12 years; 50% men). Read More

Neurophysiol Clin 2018 Oct 15;48(5):277-286. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

NeuroPain Team, Inserm U 1028/CNRS, UMR 5292, University of Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre (CRNL), 69677 Bron, France.

Objective: Differential diagnosis between sleep-related epileptic seizures and NREM parasomnia remains challenging. Pathophysiological markers to differentiate both conditions are needed. Activation of autonomic system is present in arousal reactions and epileptic seizures. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2018 10 6;146:151-159. Epub 2018 Aug 6.

National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China; Man-Machine-Environment Engineering Institute, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China; Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, 518055, Shenzhen, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the variations and the circadian rhythm of multi-domain parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Methods: Time domain HRV parameters of 24-hour data, frequency and non-linear domain HRV parameters were calculated using a 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) from subjects in a resting and awake state (5-min data from 9:00-10:00 a.m. Read More

Expert Rev Med Devices 2018 Aug 17;15(8):527-539. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

a Department of Neurology , Ghent University Hospital , Gent , Belgium.

Introduction: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has become a valuable treatment option for refractory epilepsy and depression. To improve clinical efficacy and minimize side effects, novel device technology for VNS is under development and investigation. Areas covered: For epilepsy, the AspireSR®, and SenTiva™ VNS therapy systems are the two most recently developed VNS devices. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 09 25;86:166-172. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Division of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital and Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Characterizing the physiologic changes leading up to psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (PNSC) may help to elucidate the processes that cause paroxysmal functional neurological symptom disorders and to clinically distinguish PNSC from syncope. Thus, we aimed to characterize preictal sweat rate, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure changes among patients with tilt-induced PNSC compared to patients with tilt-induced neurally mediated syncope. The presence of increased preictal sweating was compared between groups. Read More

Epilepsia 2018 07 6;59(7):1372-1380. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.

Objective: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a tragic and devastating event for which the underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood; this study investigated whether abnormalities in heart rate variability (HRV) are linked to SUDEP in patients with epilepsy due to mutations in sodium channel (SCN) genes.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated HRV in epilepsy patients using electroencephalographic studies to study the potential contribution of autonomic dysregulation to SUDEP risk. We extracted HRV data, in wakefulness and sleep, from 80 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, including 40 patients with mutations in SCN genes and 40 control patients with non-SCN drug-resistant epilepsy. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 07 26;84:166-172. Epub 2018 May 26.

Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom; Epilepsy Society Research Centre, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objective: Autonomic dysregulation is a possible pathomechanism of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Cardiac arrhythmias and autonomic symptoms are most commonly associated with seizures arising from the temporal lobes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether simultaneous seizure activity in both temporal lobes affects the autonomic nervous system differently from seizure activity in one temporal lobe as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). Read More

Wiad Lek 2018;71(2 pt 2):413-416

Katedra I Klinika Neurologii, Wydział Lekarski Z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym W Zabrzu, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Zabrze, Polska.

Mutations leading to disorders within ion (mainly potassium and sodium) channels, have different degrees of expression in the brain and in the heart, which can cause simultaneous occurrence of disorders in both organs. This is manifested by the occurrence of epileptic seizures and cardiac electrical disturbances, further exacerbated by stimulation of autonomic structures within the central nervous system. In all patients with unclear paroxysmal disorders, and in those with unexplained sudden cardiac death, consideration should be given to the possibility of occurrence of genetically determined disorders in the ion channels. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 06 27;83:168-174. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Man-Machine-Environment Engineering Institute, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China; Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, 518055 Shenzhen, China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive treatment in drug-resistant epilepsy. The alterations in heart rate dynamics through VNS are not well understood. This study aimed to determine changes in heart rhythm complexity in association with VNS and to relate the findings to the outcome of VNS treatment in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Read More

Epilepsia 2018 06 26;59(6):e85-e90. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Medical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Autonomic dysfunction is linked to sudden death regardless of the presence of structural heart disease. The pathway from autonomic dysfunction to sudden death is not fully understood, but myocardial sympathetic stimulation leading to arrhythmia and/or cardiac fibrosis might play a role. Our goal was to evaluate cardiac stiffness by echocardiography and its association with clinical, structural, and autonomic variables in people with epilepsy (PWE) compared to healthy controls. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2018 05;25(5):e59-e60

Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Int J Neural Syst 2018 Nov 22;28(9):1850006. Epub 2018 Feb 22.

* Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK.

Objective: Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) has shown great promise as a potential therapy for a number of conditions, such as epilepsy, depression and for Neurometabolic Therapies, especially for treating obesity. The objective of this study was to characterize the left ventral subdiaphragmatic gastric trunk of vagus nerve (SubDiaGVN) and to analyze the influence of intravenous injection of gut hormone cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on compound nerve action potential (CNAP) observed on the same branch, with the aim of understanding the impact of hormones on VNS and incorporating the methods and results into closed loop implant design.

Methods: The cervical region of the left vagus nerve (CerVN) of male Wistar rats was stimulated with electric current and the elicited CNAPs were recorded on the SubDiaGVN under four different conditions: Control (no injection), Saline, CCK1 (100[Formula: see text]pmol/kg) and CCK2 (1000[Formula: see text]pmol/kg) injections. Read More

PLoS One 2018 28;13(3):e0194910. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an approved therapy for treatment of epilepsy and depression. While also shown to be promising in several preclinical and clinical studies to treat cardiovascular diseases, optimal therapeutic stimulation paradigms are still under investigation. Traditionally, parameters such as frequency, current, and duty cycle are used to adjust the efficacy of VNS therapy. Read More

J Physiol Sci 2018 Jul 14;68(4):307-320. Epub 2018 Mar 14.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.

This review traces the examination of autonomic, cardiovascular, and respiratory derangements associated with seizure activity in the clinical and preclinical literature generally, and in the author's animal model specifically, and concludes with the author's views on the potential mechanisms for sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP). An animal model that employs kainic acid-induced seizures on a background of urethane anesthesia has permitted unprecedented access to the behavior of autonomic, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems during seizure activity. The result is a detailed description of the major causes of death and how this animal model can be used to develop and test preventative and interventional strategies. Read More

Seizure 2018 04 6;57:11-13. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Referral Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Epilepsy, Zagreb, Croatia. Electronic address:

J Pediatr 2018 05 6;196:38-44. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Fetal Medicine Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Neonatology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate whether infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and evidence of autonomic dysfunction have aberrant physiological responses to care events that could contribute to evolving brain injury.

Study Design: Continuous tracings of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), cerebral near infrared spectroscopy, and video electroencephalogram data were recorded from newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who were treated with hypothermia. Videos between 16 and 24 hours of age identified 99 distinct care events, including stimulating events (diaper changes, painful procedures), and vagal stimuli (endotracheal tube manipulations, pupil examinations). Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 04 17;81:33-40. Epub 2018 Feb 17.

Gazi University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on heart rate variability (HRV) in children with epilepsy.

Methods: The subgroups of HRV, namely time domain (Standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN), SDNN index, Standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals (SDANN), Root mean square of successive differences (RMMSD), Adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms in the entire recording divided by the total number of all NN intervals (PNN50), triangular index) and frequency domain (Low-frequency (LF), High-frequency (HF), LF/HF), were investigated in 20 pediatric patients before and after 6 and 12months of VNS treatment during day and night by comparing their data with those of 20 control subjects. In addition, subgroups of age, epilepsy duration and localization, and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were also evaluated if they had further effects on basal HRV levels. Read More

Seizure 2018 Feb 8;55:48-56. Epub 2018 Jan 8.

Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience, King's College London, UK.

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of pre-ictal heart rate (HR) manifestations and to identify clinical and study-related factors modulating the estimate.

Methods: We searched articles recording concurrent pre-ictal EEG and HR in adults and children with epilepsy. Pre-ictal HR changes were classified as HR reduction (HRR) or increase (HRI). Read More

EBioMedicine 2018 Jan 13;27:112-122. Epub 2017 Dec 13.

Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, United Kingdom.

Background: Thirty-percent of patients with epilepsy are drug-resistant, and might benefit from effective noninvasive therapeutic interventions. Evidence is accumulating on the efficacy of autonomic biofeedback therapy using galvanic skin response (GSR; an index of sympathetic arousal) in treating epileptic seizures. This study aimed to extend previous controlled clinical trials of autonomic biofeedback therapy with a larger homogeneous sample of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2018 02 26;79:126-129. Epub 2017 Dec 26.

Service de neurologie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can induce a sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), which in turn can worsen seizure control and represents a cardiovascular risk factor. Epidemiology of VNS-induced SAS has received little attention to date. The purpose of this study was to estimate the VNS-induced SAS prevalence and to explore clinical variables potentially correlating with its development. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2017 Oct-Dec;20(4):403-407

Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Progressive loss of heart rate variability (HRV) and complexity are associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease and are a candidate marker for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. HRV is influenced by the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS), although it is unclear which arm of the ANS (sympathetic or parasympathetic) needs to be perturbed to increase the complexity of HRV. In this case-control study, we have analyzed the relation between modulation of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and changes in complexity of HRV as a function of states of vigilance. Read More

Front Immunol 2017 2;8:1452. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition et Changement Social LIP/PC2S-EA4145, University Savoie Mont Blanc, Chambéry, France.

The vagus nerve (VN) is the longest nerve of the organism and a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system which constitutes the autonomic nervous system (ANS), with the sympathetic nervous system. There is classically an equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems which is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. An imbalance of the ANS is observed in various pathologic conditions. Read More

Vet J 2017 Oct 20;228:41-45. Epub 2017 Oct 20.

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'Ion Ionescu de la Brad' Iaşi, 8 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, Iaşi RO-700489, Romania. Electronic address:

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in the interictal period (InIp) in dogs with presumed idiopathic epilepsy (pIE) was assessed using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The HRVs obtained from 28 pIE dogs with interictal epileptic discharges (InIEd; 11 with treatment and 17 without treatment) detected on electroencephalography (EEG) were compared with those obtained from 13 healthy dogs. On electrocardiographic (ECG) study, the P wave dispersion (PWD; P<0. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2017 12 29;138:88-97. Epub 2017 Oct 29.

Departament of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil. Electronic address:

Brain injuries are often associated with the later development of epilepsy. Evidence suggests that morphological and functional changes occur in the remaining neural tissue during a silent (or latent) period in which no seizures are expressed. It is believed that this silent (reorganization) period may provide a therapeutic window for modifying the natural history of disease progression. Read More

eNeuro 2017 Sep-Oct;4(5). Epub 2017 Oct 30.

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in individuals with refractory acquired epilepsy. Cardiorespiratory failure is the most likely cause in most cases, and central autonomic dysfunction has been implicated as a contributing factor to SUDEP. Neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem vagal complex receive and integrate vagally mediated information regarding cardiorespiratory and other autonomic functions, and GABAergic inhibitory NTS neurons play an essential role in modulating autonomic output. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2019 Apr 25;29(2):183-194. Epub 2017 Oct 25.

Autonomic and Movement Disorders Unit, Biocruces Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.

The vagus nerve is responsible for the parasympathetic innervation of the major thoracic and abdominal organs. It also carries sensory afferent fibres from these viscera and reaches different brain structures. These connections have proven useful in the treatment of different diseases. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2017 11;137:163-164

Department of Neurology, Division of Epilepsy Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, 213 Quarry Road, MC 5979 (room 2856), Palo Alto, CA 94304-5979, United States. Electronic address:

Pediatr Res 2018 02 22;83(2):514-519. Epub 2017 Nov 22.

Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA.

BackgroundVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an Food and Drug Administration-approved method delivering electrical impulses for treatment of depression and epilepsy in adults. The vagus nerve innervates the majority of visceral organs and cervix, but potential impacts of VNS on the progress of pregnancy and the fetus are not well studied.MethodsWe tested the hypothesis that VNS in pregnant dams does not induce inflammatory changes in the cardio-respiratory control regions of the pups' brainstem, potentially impacting the morbidity and mortality of offspring. Read More

Front Physiol 2017 5;8:765. Epub 2017 Oct 5.

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes changes in the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the regulation of cardiac activity and autonomic nervous system tone. The early detection of epileptic seizures could foster the use of new treatment approaches. Read More

Pediatr Neurol 2017 Nov 20;76:60-65. Epub 2017 Jun 20.

ACCORDS (Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.

Background: We hypothesized that children with Dravet syndrome may have additional common features beyond seizures and cognitive impairment. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a survey of caregivers of children with Dravet syndrome to identify and quantify their perception of associated symptoms in this population.

Methods: An electronic survey was developed in REDcap (Research Electronic Data Capture) and sent via e-mail to the participants on the Dravet Syndrome Foundation e-mail list. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 10 5;10:CD001524. Epub 2017 Oct 5.

Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Clinical Sciences Centre for Research and Education, Lower Lane, Liverpool, UK, L9 7LJ.

Background: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in the Cochrane Library, Issue 5, 2015.Yoga may induce relaxation and stress reduction, and influence the electroencephalogram and the autonomic nervous system, thereby controlling seizures. Yoga would be an attractive therapeutic option for epilepsy if proved effective. Read More

J Physiol 2017 11 30;595(22):6887-6903. Epub 2017 Sep 30.

UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center of Excellence and UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Key Points: The evoked cardiac response to bipolar cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reflects a dynamic interaction between afferent mediated decreases in central parasympathetic drive and suppressive effects evoked by direct stimulation of parasympathetic efferent axons to the heart. The neural fulcrum is defined as the operating point, based on frequency-amplitude-pulse width, where a null heart rate response is reproducibly evoked during the on-phase of VNS. Cardiac control, based on the principal of the neural fulcrum, can be elicited from either vagus. Read More

BMC Neurol 2017 Aug 25;17(1):164. Epub 2017 Aug 25.

Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.

Background: Acute autonomic neuropathy (AAN) is rare disorder with anecdotal report, especially for childhood onset patients. Misdiagnosis or delays in treatment can always be found in clinical practice. We conducted this study to give a description of the manifestations and treatment of AAN in children and therefore help clinicians to make the accurate diagnosis early so that the prognosis of the patients can be improved. Read More

J Neural Eng 2017 12;14(6):066010

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America.

Objective: Neuromodulation of the central and peripheral nervous systems is becoming increasingly important for treating a diverse set of diseases-ranging from Parkinson's Disease and epilepsy to chronic pain. However, neuromodulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has achieved relatively limited success in treating functional GI disorders, which affect a significant population, because the effects of stimulation on the enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut motility are not well understood. Here we develop an integrated neuromechanical model of the ENS and assess neurostimulation strategies for enhancing gut motility, validated by in vivo experiments. Read More