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J Infect Dis 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.

Lassa fever (LF) survivors develop various clinical manifestations including polyserositis, myalgia, epididymitis, and hearing loss weeks to months after recovery from acute infection. We demonstrate a systemic lymphoplasmacytic and histiocytic arteritis and periarteritis in guinea pigs more than 2 months after recovery from acute Lassa virus (LASV) infection. LASV was detected in the arterial tunica media smooth muscle cells by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy. Read More

Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2018 Dec;160(12):743-748

Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich.

Introduction: The following case report describes the clinical and diagnostic procedure for suspected brucellosis infection in a dog. A 21 month old intact male Border Collie was presented with an enlarged right testicle and epididymis. The dog was imported to Switzerland from Germany at the age of three months, but was never abroad since then. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2019 Feb 28;14(2):278-281. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Radiology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, E1 1BB, UK.

Segmental testicular infarction is a rare diagnosis and there are few documented cases in the literature. Those cases that have been reported are usually in the setting of epididymitis, hypercoaguable states, vasculitis, sickle cell disease, post orchidopexy or vasectomy, and idiopathic. We report a case of a patient who developed segmental testicular infarction that was managed conservatively, following nephrectomy for a ruptured kidney and the associated ultrasonographic appearances. Read More

Biol Reprod 2018 Nov 6. Epub 2018 Nov 6.

Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Systemic inflammation may impair male fertility, and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study investigates the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation on the testis and epididymis in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS significantly impaired testicular functions, including testosterone production, spermatogenesis, and blood-testis barrier permeability. Read More

Lancet 2018 10;392(10156):1413-1422

Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Background: Screening young adults who are sexually active for genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is promoted in several high-income countries, but its effectiveness at the population level is highly debated. We aimed to investigate the effects of opportunistic chlamydia testing in primary care on the estimated chlamydia prevalence in the population aged 16-29 years in Australia.

Methods: We did a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Read More

JMM Case Rep 2018 Jul 5;5(7):e005157. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Case Western Reserve, University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Introduction: Although more often recognized as a culprit in female urinary tract infection, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) can cause severe genitourinary infections in men. While positive blood cultures with CoNS are usually thought to be contaminants, in the setting of a severe genito-urinary infection they can represent true infection.

Case Presentation: We present the case of a 70-year-old male without a central venous catheter or urinary catheter who developed bloodstream infection secondary to epididymo-orchitis. Read More

BJU Int 2018 Sep 25. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Urology, University Hospital and IKE, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.

Objective: To investigate the modulation of the inflammatory response after sclerotherapy for hydrocoele/spermatocoele.

Patients And Methods: All patients with hydrocoele or spermatocoele presenting at the Department of Urology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden, from 2006 to 2012, were included in this prospective observational study of sclerotherapy for hydrocoele/spermatocoele using polidocanol as a sclerosing agent and adjuvant antibiotic and anti-inflammatory medication (AAAM) for modulation of the inflammatory response. Patients were clinically evaluated within 24-48 h after a complication or adverse event possibly related to sclerotherapy. Read More

Acta Clin Belg 2018 Sep 17:1-6. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey.

Objectives: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multi-systemic inflammatory disorder which can affect all types and sizes of vessels.The usage of TNF-α antagonists is increasing in different involvements of BD that is inadequately controlled by standard immunosuppressive regimens.

Methods: Here we reported a rare BD case that is controlled by only infliximab (IFX) treatment. Read More

Sex Transm Infect 2018 Sep 8. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of three testing strategies with or without light microscopic Gram-stained smear (GSS) evaluation for the detection of anogenital gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men (MSM) at the Amsterdam STI clinic using a healthcare payer perspective.

Methods: Three testing strategies for MSM were compared: (1) GSS in symptomatic MSM only (currently practised strategy), (2) no GSS and (3) GSS in symptomatic and asymptomatic MSM. The three testing protocols include testing with nucleic acid amplification test to verify the GSS results in (1) and (3), or as the only test in (2). Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2018 Jul;24(7):645-650

Department of Andrology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China.

Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) was first isolated by Tully from the urinary tract of the male patient with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in 1981. MG is extremely difficult to be cultured and was rarely studied until the development and application of molecular biology technology. The research on MG in China is still in the primary stage. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 Aug 25. Epub 2018 Aug 25.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, CHU Hopital La Timone Enfants, Marseille, France.

Introduction: Paediatric recurrent epididymitis is frequently observed in several urogenital conditions, and may result in deterioration of long-term fertility. The management of recurrent epididymitis is still a therapeutic challenge for paediatric urologists, and as yet there is no consensus for treatment.

Objective: To present a minimally invasive endoscopic approach for the treatment of recurrent epididymitis (more than three episodes). Read More

J Clin Med Res 2018 Sep 31;10(9):722-724. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease known to affect a variety of organ systems. Patients with SLE are more prone to developing common infections that can mimic the complications of SLE. As such, it is essential to differentiate complications of SLE from infection to ensure appropriate management and to improve morbidity and mortality of this patient population. Read More

Actas Urol Esp 2018 Aug 9. Epub 2018 Aug 9.

Kulkarni Center for Reconstructive Urology, Pune, India.

Purpose: To evaluate the role and success rate of urethral reconstruction in patients with urethral stricture previously treated with thermos-expandable Memokath™ urethral endoprosthesis.

Materials And Method: A case series of patients with urethral stricture and Memokath™ endoprosthesis treated with urethroplasty is presented. Reconstruction was decided due to stricture progression or complications derived from primary stent treatment. Read More

Sex Transm Dis 2018 Dec;45(12):e104-e108

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

A systematic review of studies completed in the last 11 years for the treatment of acute epididymitis identified 1534 records, of which 29 were assessed for eligibility, and only 1 study met the criteria for inclusion. This highlights the need for more prospective studies evaluating treatment regimens for acute epididymitis. Read More

Vet World 2018 Jun 6;11(6):748-757. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Egypt.

Background And Aim: Brucellosis is a major constraint to livestock production in Egypt as well as many developing countries worldwide. Bovine brucellosis is an economically important disease with reproductive failure as a principal manifestation resulting in abortion, premature birth and decreased milk production in females, and orchitis and epididymitis in males. In spite of the efforts of Egyptian veterinary services to overcome brucellosis, the disease is still prevalent in both animals and humans and represents one of the most important public health hazards in Egypt. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jul;97(29):e11674

Cureus 2018 May 10;10(5):e2605. Epub 2018 May 10.

Psychiatry, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, USA.

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is generally well-tolerated and widely used in clinical practice to treat various forms of infection. There have been several case reports detailing the development of psychosis and other neuropsychiatric symptoms secondary to use of this antibiotic. This case report details the history of an acute paranoid psychosis that developed in a patient treated with ciprofloxacin for epididymitis. Read More

Hum Reprod 2018 Jul 4. Epub 2018 Jul 4.

Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence, Italy.

Study Question: Is there any association between mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) test positivity and clinical features or genital tract ultrasound (US) parameter values in males of infertile and fertile couples?

Study Answer: In males of infertile and fertile couples MAR test positivity was associated with clinical and US features suggestive of chronic epididymal inflammation.

What Is Known Already: MAR test positivity has been more often reported in males of infertile couples than in fertile men. A positive MAR test has been detected in men with a history of testicular or post-testicular damage. Read More

Mod Rheumatol 2018 Nov 28:1-7. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan.

Background: Clinical data of patients with entro-, vasculo-, and neuro-variant possible Behçet's disease (BD) based on Japanese criteria has not yet comprehensively reported.

Methods: This ongoing nation-wide registration has been carried out by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The Ministry asked physicians who diagnosed a patient with confirmed or possible BD to register the patient data by filling out a registration form. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2018 ;59(1):197-201

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania; Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;

Congenital hydronephrosis caused by ureteral anomalies, like ureteral duplicity, megaureter, ureteral ectopy and ureterocele, must be differentiated from ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UJO) hydronephrosis and from the hydronephrosis caused by vesicoureteral reflux. These represent a differentiated branch of congenital abnormalities in children even if not so common, but this fact should not be disconsidered. Over a five years period, from 111 operated children in our Clinic, we performed 13 interventions for congenital hydronephrosis, 11 (84. Read More

J Vasc Bras 2017 Jul-Sep;16(3):258-261

Manipal University, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Department of Anatomy, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

The testicular artery is frequently subjected to radiographic imaging techniques such as angiography for diagnosis and treatment of conditions like epididymitis, testicular torsion, tumor, hematoma, and hydrocele and in cases of undescended testis. Radiologists and surgeons should therefore be aware of testicular artery variants. Although there are numerous studies and case reports that mention testicular artery variants, this is probably the first case, reporting a bilateral low origin of the testicular artery and discussing its probable embryological etiology. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 06;97(25):e11164

Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University.

Rationale: Most patients with paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma may typically present as a unilateral, painless palpable scrotum mass. However, only a few cases of RMS presenting as painful edema of the scrotum mimicing epididymitis. We herein report an unusual case of alveolar paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma misdiagnosed as epididymitis. Read More

Cytopathology 2018 Oct 11;29(5):494-496. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Department of Pathology and Urology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.

Biomed Res Int 2018 22;2018:5712920. Epub 2018 Apr 22.

Department of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.

. Brucellosis has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and it may last several days or even several years; however, it is often misdiagnosed and therefore may cause inadequate therapy and prolonged illness. Previous studies about meta-analysis of manifestations of brucellosis reported in English lacked the data published in Chinese, which did not provide details about the contact history, laboratory tests, and misdiagnosis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 May 30;2018. Epub 2018 May 30.

Bedford Hospital NHS Trust, Bedford, UK.

We present a rare case of a 4-year-old boy with newly diagnosed Henöch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) affecting the scrotum and penis. The patient presented to the emergency department with palpable purpura symmetrically distributed over the lower limbs. This was associated with arthritis of the right knee, abdominal pain and scrotal swelling. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2018 Aug 14;20(4):e12921. Epub 2018 Jun 14.

Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

A 17-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed severe hematuria and scrotal swelling after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Urine culture was negative. BK virus and adenovirus were negative. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2018 May 18;11(1):308. Epub 2018 May 18.

Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.

Background: Mycobacterium bovis causing tuberculosis in animals is responsible for zoonotic tuberculosis in patients. Veterinary control measures and milk pasteurization has led to a significant decrease in human cases of M. bovis infections in developed countries. Read More

Andrologia 2018 May 8:e13034. Epub 2018 May 8.

Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Ageing is usually characterised by a mild chronic proinflammatory state. Despite the tight association between both processes, the phenomenon has recently been termed inflammageing. Inflammation in the male reproductive tract is frequently linked with bacterial or virus infections but also with a broad range of noninfectious processes. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2017 Oct;23(10):933-937

Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University / Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China;.

Ningmitai Capsule is a classical patent medicine prepared from multiple effective ingredients of Chinese herbal medicine, with a wide range of biological activities and a significant efficacy in the treatment of urogenital diseases. Ningmitai Capsule has been widely applied in the management of urological and andrological diseases, with a particularly ideal effect on chronic prostatitis, since its first introduction nearly 20 years ago. With no obvious adverse effect on the male reproductive system, it has also been gaining a gradual application in the treatment of such diseases as urinary tract infections, diabetes, non-gonococcal urethritis, seminal vesiculitis, acute epididymitis, overactive bladder, hematuria, and semen non-liquefaction. Read More

Urol Ann 2018 Apr-Jun;10(2):181-184

Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India.

Introduction: Most of the painful extratesticular scrotal lesions are erroneously diagnosed and treated in our clinical practice. Therefore, this study was undertaken to analyze the usefulness of a combination of clinical, radiological, cytological, and microbiological assessment in establishing the accurate diagnosis of this lesion.

Aim: To study the Clinical, Radiological, Cytological and Microbiological assessment of painful extra-testicular lesions and their correlation with each other in establishing the accurate diagnosis of these lesions. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2017 Apr;23(4):337-342

Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.

Objective: To compare three different pathways for transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (SVS) and investigate the reliability and efficiency of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided SVS (TRUS-SVS).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 90 cases of seminal vesiculoscopy conducted directly through the ejaculatory duct or prostatic utricle or under the guide of TRUS. We compared the success rate and complications among the three approaches. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2018 Jul-Aug;44(4):771-778

Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.

Objectives: Brucellosis is a multi-system infectious disease that is associated with inflammation, which causes an increase in acute phase reactants. Hematological inflammatory markers of brucellosis include mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of hematological inflammatory markers in Brucella epididymo-orchitis (BEO), and to investigate the utility of these markers for differential diagnosis from non-Brucella epididymo-orchitis (non-BEO). Read More

Int J Cancer 2018 Apr 26. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CESP (Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health), Inserm, Team Cancer and Environment, Villejuif, France.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that prostatitis may increase the risk of prostate cancer due to chronic inflammation. We studied the association between several genitourinary infections and the risk of prostate cancer based on data from the EPICAP study. EPICAP is a population-based case-control study conducted in the département of Hérault, France, between 2012 and 2014. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2018 Aug;24(8):637-640

Department of Urology, Gunma University Hospital, Japan.

To verify the validity of our antimicrobial prophylaxis regimen for transperineal prostate biopsies, we investigated the rate of infectious complications in this procedure. We retrospectively investigated the infectious complications in 485 patients who underwent a transperineal prostate biopsy between 2014 and 2016 at our hospital. In the clinic, we use cefazolin (CEZ) for antimicrobial prophylaxis. Read More

Emerg Radiol 2018 Aug 21;25(4):341-348. Epub 2018 Apr 21.

Department of Radiologic Sciences, Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.

Scrotal pain is a common acute presentation for medical care. Testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis are two diagnoses for which early detection is critical and their sonographic imaging features have been thoroughly described in the radiologic literature. Other important conditions for which radiologists must be aware have received less attention. Read More

PLoS One 2018 18;13(4):e0194761. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Department of Urology and Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

There is no clear consensus regarding investigating for accompanying genitourinary anomalies (GUAs) in patients with prepubertal acute epididymitis (AE). Moreover, risk factors for the recurrence and the need for a surgical intervention have never been discussed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different clinical courses of prepubertal AE based on knowledge of preexisting GUAs. Read More

Comp Med 2018 Apr;68(2):168-176

Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Email:

Providing social housing for adult male macaques can be challenging. One successful strategy for long-term social housing of adult male macaques is to pair them with adult females; however, unwanted breeding must be prevented by sterilization of the male or female. Vasectomy is a simple, highly effective, and minimally invasive method of contraception that is used at our institution to facilitate social housing. Read More

Hum Reprod Update 2018 Jul;24(4):416-441

Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Unit of Reproductive Biology, Aulweg 123, Giessen, Germany.

Background: Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract are significant causes of male factor infertility. Ascending infections caused by sexually transmitted bacteria or urinary tract pathogens represent the most frequent aetiology of epididymo-orchitis, but viral, haematogenous dissemination is also a contributory factor. Limitations in adequate diagnosis and therapy reflect an obvious need for further understanding of human epididymal and testicular immunopathologies and their contribution to infertility. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2018 28;6:2050313X18767053. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Division of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.

Behçet's disease is an inflammatory disease, the origin of which still remains unclear, and it has multiple , one of them being thrombosis. In this report, we describe the case of a 24-year-old Moroccan patient who presented with headache persisting for more than 2 weeks, which was found to be caused by cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. His medical history of recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, epididymitis and one episode of pericarditis led to the diagnosis of Behçet's disease. Read More

N Engl J Med 2018 03;378(13):1233-1240

From the Departments of Medicine (R.W.T.), Radiology (H.Y.), Urology (D.M.D.), and Pathology (D.P.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (R.W.T., R.M.H.), Radiology (H.Y.), Urology (D.M.D.), and Pathology (D.P.S.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston.

Asian J Androl 2018 Jul-Aug;20(4):360-365

University of Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail), UMR_S 1085, Rennes F-35000, France.

Chronic epididymitis and varicocele are frequently observed genital disorders in men consulting for couple infertility, but their impact on semen characteristics at the time of infertility consultation is still a matter of debate. We investigated 652 male partners of couples who had their first infertility consultation between 1999 and 2015 in Argentina. Men with chronic epididymitis (n = 253), Grade III varicocele (n = 106), and both conditions (n = 125) were compared with a control group (n = 168) composed of men without these disorders or any other recognized causes of male infertility. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2018 Jan-Dec;6:2324709617752736. Epub 2018 Feb 26.

Drexel Neurosciences Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

We present a case report of a 20-year-old male with diabetes mellitus type 1, who developed severe painful peripheral neuropathy while on the second of a 10-day course with levofloxacin for the treatment of epididymitis. The intensity of the pain rapidly reached scores of 10/10 in a numeric scale 0/10, and the patient was transferred to an inpatient pain unit where he was treated aggressively with minimal improvement. A skin biopsy revealed small fiber neuropathy. Read More

Oncotarget 2018 Jan 10;9(7):7616-7622. Epub 2018 Jan 10.

Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Alzheimer's disease and cancer are increasingly prevalent with advancing age. However, the association between Alzheimer's disease and prostate cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between prior Alzheimer's disease and subsequent prostate cancer using a population-based dataset in Taiwan. Read More

Arch Ital Urol Androl 2017 Dec 31;89(4):321-322. Epub 2017 Dec 31.

Operative Unit of Urology, Buon Consiglio Hospital - Fatebenefratelli, Naples.

Seminal vesicle abscess (SVA) is a rare urologic entity. It mainly occurs in subjects with predisposing factors and may be associated with other urogenital infections. We describe the case of a diabetic subject with SVA associated with funiculitis, epididymitis and obstructive pyelonephritis. Read More

JAAPA 2018 Mar;31(3):50-51

Shaun Lynch is an assistant professor in the PA program at Elon (N.C.) University. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Pediatr Radiol 2018 05 21;48(5):735-744. Epub 2018 Feb 21.

Department of Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.

Testicular sonography has contributed greatly to the preoperative diagnosis of testicular torsion in the pediatric patient and is the mainstay for evaluation of acute scrotal pain. Despite its high sensitivity and specificity, both false-negative and false-positive findings occur. Presence of documented Doppler flow within the testis might be a dissuading factor for surgical exploration with resultant testicular loss in the false-negative cases. Read More

Oman Med J 2018 Jan;33(1):3-6

Department of Andrology, Sexology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Obesity is a highly prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide and is commonly associated with male infertility. Several etiopathological theories have been mentioned in the literature by which obesity affects spermatogenesis, thus affecting the male fertility potential. Mechanisms for explaining the effect of obesity on male infertility include endocrinopathy, increased aromatization activity, associated erectile dysfunction, psychological and thermal effects, obstructive sleep apnea, increased leptin and oxygen free radicals, and associated inflammatory and obstructive elements of epididymitis. Read More

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018 Jan-Feb;29(1):185-188

Department of Nephrology, La Rabta Hospital, Jebbari, Tunis, Tunisia.

Various adverse reactions may occur after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy. Although the virulence of attenuated BCG is low, serious complications such as bacterial cystitis, bladder contractures, granulomatous prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, and systemic reactions such as fever and malaise have been described. Disseminated granulomatosis such as hepatitis and pneumonitis have also been described, but are rare. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Jun 15;37(6):1001-1008. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland.

Epididymo-orchitis is a common urological condition in men of all ages, causing a unilateral or bilateral swelling of the epididymis and/or testis. It is frequently caused by sexually transmitted infections, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae, as well as common enteric organisms implicated in urinary tract infections. Men over 35 years old may develop epididymo-orchitis associated with enteric organisms, often associated with functional bladder outlet problems such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or urethral stricture disease. Read More