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Iran J Basic Med Sci 2019 Feb;22(2):197-205

Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Objectives: Diabetes can gradually cause damage to the function and structure of male gonads. This survey was conducted to investigate the effect of troxerutin on hormonal changes, serum oxidative stress indices, and testicular function and structure in prepubertal diabetic rats.

Materials And Methods: Fifty prepubertal (6 weeks old) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups including Control, Troxerutin, Diabetic, Diabetic+Troxerutin, and Diabetic+Insulin. Read More

Exp Physiol 2018 12 12;103(12):1603-1617. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Can low-dose inorganic nitrate supplementation prevent testicular structural and functional alterations in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic male rats? What is the main finding and it's important? Treatment with a low dose of inorganic nitrate for 2 months had protective effects on the male reproductive system in diabetic rats including improved body weight loss, sperm and testis parameters, spermatogenesis index and testicular histology as well as increased serum testosterone levels. These favourable effects may be associated with increased serum insulin and decreased serum glucose, and with modulation of apoptosis in testis.

Abstract: Inorganic nitrate supplementation is a possible therapeutic agent in diabetes. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2018 Aug 4;73:60-62. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Tuberculosis screening was performed for a healthy asymptomatic woman to determine whether she had been infected with active genital tuberculosis via sexual intercourse with her husband who had epididymal tuberculosis. Vaginal swab culture yielded Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, whole genome sequencing revealed that the two causative isolates were genetically identical. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2018 May 18;11(1):308. Epub 2018 May 18.

Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.

Background: Mycobacterium bovis causing tuberculosis in animals is responsible for zoonotic tuberculosis in patients. Veterinary control measures and milk pasteurization has led to a significant decrease in human cases of M. bovis infections in developed countries. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2018 ;1040:29-37

Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.

The genitourinary system is the main location of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In Poland, it occupies the third place after tuberculosis of the pleura and lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of tuberculosis in the urogenital tract in adult patients in a tertiary referral center in the years 2007-2015. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2018 Mar 9;17:50-52. Epub 2018 Jan 9.

The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.

Cytojournal 2017 12;14:26. Epub 2017 Oct 12.

Address: Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Background: Epididymal lesions are uncommon in clinical practice. Few case series has been described in the literature documenting the role of cytology in the evaluation of epididymal nodules. This study was undertaken to analyze the cytomorphology of epididymal nodules and to evaluate role of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in early definitive diagnosis of epididymal nodules. Read More

Urologiia 2017 Oct(5):100-105

TB Research Institute of Minzdrav of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia, Novosibirsk State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Urogenital tuberculosis does not have pathognomonic symptoms, so diagnostic errors are quite common. This systematic review of literature was conducted to identify the causes and estimate the incidence of erroneous diagnoses. We critically evaluated some articles in which the authors describe observations of urogenital tuberculosis as rare and unusual because they never encountered this disease, but in fact that were typical manifestations of genitourinary tuberculosis. Read More

Urologiia 2017 Oct(5):91-94

Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia.

This is a case report of an elderly patient with urogenital tuberculosis and concurrent tuberculosis of peripheral inguinal lymph nodes. The disease manifested by a fistulous form of inguinal lymphadenitis for 10 years and spread to the kidneys and genitals, but the patient did not seek medical attention. Changes on the glans penis prompted him to consult dermatovenereologist. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2017 Apr;6(2):222-233

Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Genitourinary Tuberculosis (GUTB) is the second most common extra-pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (Tb) and an isolated involvement of genital organs is reported in 5-30% of the cases. Genital involvement results from primary reactivation of latent bacilli either in the epididymis or the prostate or by secondary spread from the already infected urinary organs. The epididymis are the commonest involved organs affected primarily by a hematogenous mode of spread. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2017 01;5(1)

Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.

Urogenital tuberculosis is the second most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Starting with a pulmonary focus, 2 to 20% of patients develop urogenital tuberculosis through hematogenous spread to the kidneys, prostate, and epididymis; through the descending collecting system to the ureters, bladder, and urethra; and through the ejaculatory ducts to the genital organs. Urogenital tuberculosis occurs at all age ranges, but it is predominant in males in their fourth and fifth decades. Read More

Food Chem Toxicol 2017 Jan 3;99:222-230. Epub 2016 Dec 3.

General Toxicology Department, SI «Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine», Eugene Pottier Str. 14, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Despite clear beneficial effects, studies on the efficacy of different formulations of micronutrients and vitamins in the treatment of male infertility are still very limited. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of methionine and novel formulation Metovitan based on the combination of methionine, thiamine, nicotinamide, α-tocopherol acetate and zinc salt as remedies for prevention of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) anti-fertility effects in male rats. ATD co-administration resulted in testicular CYP2E1, CYP2C23 and CYP3A2 transcriptional activation. Read More

J Family Med Prim Care 2016 Apr-Jun;5(2):468-470

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Murshidabad Medical College, Berhampore, West Bengal, India.

Testicular tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of genitourinary TB. It is usually presented as painful or painless testicular swelling with or without scrotal ulceration or discharging sinus. Infertility may occur. Read More

Ther Adv Infect Dis 2016 Jun 4;3(3-4):110-3. Epub 2016 Jul 4.

Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Genitourinary tuberculosis represents a form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis that occurs in the kidneys, ureters, seminal vesicles, prostate, testis, vas deferens, and epididymis. Isolated testicular involvement is unusual, and differential diagnosis includes testicular tumor, acute infection, infarction, and granulomatous infection. We report a case of a 36-year-old Ecuadorian man residing in New York, New York, who presented with a painful scrotal mass, weight loss, and purulent discharge from ulcerated lesion in scrotal area 10 years following his immigration to the United States. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2017 May 22;36(5):520-533. Epub 2016 Jun 22.

1 General Toxicology Department, SI "Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology NAMS of Ukraine," Kyiv, Ukraine.

Ethambutol (EMB) is conventionally used to treat tuberculosis and atypical Mycobacterium infections in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs. Eventually, EMB testicular toxicity has not been explored extensively yet. The aim of the study is to evaluate testicular toxicity of EMB. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Feb 4;2016. Epub 2016 Feb 4.

Department of Urology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

An 18-year-old boy, a refugee from Afghanistan, with no significant medical history, presented after 1 day of severe left testicular pain. History, clinical examination and scrotal ultrasound suggested the diagnosis of epididymo-orchitis. He was discharged on a 2-week course of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Read More

Biomarkers 2016 15;21(2):168-72. Epub 2015 Dec 15.

a Department of Gynecologic Oncology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital , Tianjin , China .

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significances of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) with cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in differential diagnosis between epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB). We retrospectively reviewed data of 31 patients suspected preoperatively as having EOC but whose pathological results revealed PTB. The concentrations of serum HE4 and CA125 in PTB were significantly lower than that in EOC. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2015 18;10:80-2. Epub 2015 Mar 18.

Department of Urology, Ratna Hospital, Maharashtra Medical Research Society, Pune, India.

Introduction: Genitourinary tuberculosis contributes 15-20% of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Prostatic tuberculosis is much less common than renal, vesico-seminal and epididymal TB. Predisposing factor include prior tubercular infection, immunocompromised status, previous BCG therapy. Read More

Balkan Med J 2014 Sep 1;31(3):270-1. Epub 2014 Sep 1.

Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Health and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Rev Med Interne 2014 Dec 17;35(12):808-14. Epub 2014 Sep 17.

Service de médecine interne, hôpital Beaujon, 100, boulevard du Général-Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France.

Genito-urinary tuberculosis is the fourth most common manifestation of the disease, but it is often underestimated by clinicians because of few and non-specific symptoms and insidious disease course. The most common urinary findings are multiple ureteral stenosis. The most common genital involvement is an epididymal nodule for men and a chronic salpingitis for women. Read More

Int J Urol 2014 Nov 14;21(11):1171-7. Epub 2014 Jul 14.

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Japanese Research Group for UTI, Japan.

Objectives: To determine current epidemiology and treatment patterns of urogenital tuberculosis in Japan.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the urological departments of 1203 Japanese hospitals. Clinical data was reviewed retrospectively; no time range was specified. Read More

G Chir 2014 May-Jun;35(5-6):134-6

We present an unusual case of tuberculous epididymitis in a 33-year-old African patient, who was referred to our Department of Urology with a right intrascrotal mass. There was no evidence of fever, hematuria, dysuria or symptoms from the lower urinary tract. The patient did not demonstrate any laboratory signs of inflammation (white blood cells, C reactive protein). Read More

Urologiia 2014 Mar-Apr(2):36-9

Based on a survey of 467 men with genital tuberculosis, following conclusions were made. The presence of morphological signs of nonspecific prostatitis of toxic-allergic genesis in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis of the urinary and genital organs proves the possibility of primary infection of the epididymis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Primarily isolated epididymal tuberculosis was diagnosed in 21 (4,5%) patients. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2014 May;33(5):913-6

Department of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 149 Sangil-Dong, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 134-090, Korea. E-mail;

The purpose of this series was to describe the sonographic findings of tuberculous vasitis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 3 cases of tuberculous vasitis. The following grayscale and color Doppler sonographic features were analyzed: location, echogenicity of the lesion, epididymal or testicular involvement, presence of hydrocele, and blood flow within the lesion. Read More

Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013 Oct;17(10):1346-53

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, China.

Objective: To evaluate whether serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels could be used as a marker to differentiate lung cancer from pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and as a prognostic indicator in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design: HE4 levels were measured in serum samples from 106 healthy controls, 190 lung cancer patients, 114 patients with PTB and 24 patients with pneumonia using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Serum HE4 levels in lung cancer patients were significantly higher than those in patients with PTB and healthy controls (P < 0. Read More

Indian J Tuberc 2013 Jan;60(1):15-22

Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (I.P.GM.E.R) , Kolkata, West Bengal.

Background: Tuberculosis had been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as 'public health emergency' in 1993. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (E.P. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2013 Feb 15;7:45. Epub 2013 Feb 15.

Urology Department, University Hospital of Fez, Rue Zag, Résidence Andalous III, 30070, Quartier Al-Wafae Fès, Morocco.

Unlabelled:

Introduction: Tuberculosis is still endemic in Morocco and the urogenital form is common. This form is characterized by clinical polymorphism. However, the isolated ureteric form is very rare. Read More

Indian J Urol 2012 Jul;28(3):359-61

Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Genitourinary histoplasmosis is very rare and to our knowledge only four cases of epididymal histoplasmosis and nine cases of prostatic histoplasmosis have been reported in literature. We hereby report a case of a middle-aged male, who presented three years after renal transplant, with complaints of fever, pain, and swelling in the scrotum. Imaging disclosed an enlarged right epididymis with prostatic and retrotrigonal abscess, suggesting tuberculosis infection. Read More

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2012 Jul;43(4):951-8

Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis is an uncommon disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the testis and epididymis. We reviewed 25 cases of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis, diagnosed at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University between July 2000 and June 2010. The mean age at diagnosis was 54. Read More

Indian J Tuberc 2012 Jan;59(1):52-3

Department of Pathology, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Nerul, Navi Mumbai-400706.

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2012 Apr;18(4):353-5

Department of Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China.

Objective: To explore the clinical types, prevention and treatment of testicular and epididymal diseases in the Tibetan area.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 105 cases of testicular or epididymal diseases treated in our department from 2007 to 2009. All the patients were permanent inhabitants in Tibet. Read More

J Infect Dev Ctries 2012 Jan 12;6(1):92-4. Epub 2012 Jan 12.

Departments of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal University, India.

Isolated epididymo-orchitis is an unusual presentation of tuberculosis. A case of bilateral epididymitis and right-sided orchitis with scrotal involvement in a 38-year-old male patient is presented. Strong clinical suspicion of tuberculous etiology was confirmed by appropriate investigations of epididymal biopsy. Read More

Urol Int 2012 29;88(1):34-8. Epub 2011 Nov 29.

Division of Urology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India. urologyarun @ yahoo.com

Purpose: Conventional methods like smear and culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis are of limited sensitivity and specificity. Histopathological examination (HPE) for the tissues obtained gives inconclusive diagnosis in the absence of caseous necrosis or stained acid-fast bacilli. This study was conducted to determine the utility of tissue PCR for diagnosing tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract (GUTB) and its comparative evaluation with HPE. Read More

Rev Urol 2011 ;13(3):176-8

Urogenital tuberculosis is a rare disease; however, it is the second most common location for tuberculosis after the lung. Currently, incidence of urogenital tuberculosis is increasing due to factors such as a higher prevalence of immunosuppression (especially that caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection) and drug abuse. Herein a new case of male genital primary tuberculosis is reported presenting as a scrotal tumor; the originality of this observation lies in its unusual pseudotumor form. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2011 Aug 15;17(8):10. Epub 2011 Aug 15.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de São João EPE, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Portugal.

A 76-year-old male patient with an angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma under treatment with fludarabine was referred because of scrotal ulcers, evolving for several months. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary symptoms were denied. Histopathological examination showed the presence of a chronic inflammatory process with epithelioid granulomas. Read More

Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2011 ;79(4):305-8

Przychodnia Przykliniczna Instytutu Gruźlicy i Chorób Płuc w Warszawie, ul. Płocka 26, Warsaw.

We present a case of 72-year old man treated from 2007 for superficial bladder carcinoma. Patient had undergone surgical intervention for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, followed by BCG therapy. Two years later enlarged right testis and epididymis was observed. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2011 Apr;36(4):315-6

Department of Urology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.

A 65-year-old man who had multiple lymph nodes swelling was pathologically diagnosed with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. After initiation of induction chemotherapy, F-18 FDG PET/CT showed a significantly decreased extent of previous lymphomatous lesions except for 2 newly developed focal hypermetabolic lesions in the prostate and left epididymis. The specimens from the prostate and orchiectomy revealed tuberculosis lesions. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2011 Mar 8;2011. Epub 2011 Mar 8.

Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama, Bahrain.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) still presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Genitourinary TB constitutes about 20% of the extrapulmonary cases in regions where TB is endemic. Tuberculous infection of epididymis and testis is difficult to differentiate clinically from pyogenic infection, tumour or infarction. Read More

Indian J Urol 2010 Apr;26(2):284-6

Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.

Isolated tuberculous orchitis is a rare entity. The coexistence of tuberculosis of the testis with filarial worm infestation is even more rare. In this report, we present a case of tuberculous involvement of the testis, associated with filarial worm infestation in the spermatic cord that presented as a testicular tumor. Read More

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2010 Jan-Feb;52(1):43-6

Department of Pharmacology, University of Lagos-Nigeria, Nigeria.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has shown concern about the burden of tuberculosis in the developing countries. Even though rifampicin is an effective drug in the management of tuberculosis, it has been documented to have some toxic effects in humans. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the modulatory effect of vitamins C and E on the hepatotoxicity, sperm quality and brain toxicity of Rifampicin. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2010 Feb;28(2):261.e3-6

Division of Emergency Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's leading infectious disease killer after AIDS [Tubercle. 1991;72:1-6; Lancet. 2003;362(9387):887-899]. Read More

Indian J Tuberc 2009 Apr;56(2):95-9

Department of Radiodiagnosis, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana.

Genitourinary tuberculosis is the common manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. In the male genital tract, the epididymis followed by seminal vesicle, prostate, vas deferens and testis are commonly affected sites. Ultrasonography (USG) is the best imaging modality for the diagnosis of the diseases of male genital tract. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2009 May-Jun;35(3):299-308; discussion 308-9

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

Introduction: Studies that compare the impact of different infectious entities of the male reproductive tract (MRT) on the male accessory gland function are controversial.

Materials And Methods: Semen analyses of 71 patients with proven infections of the MRT were compared with the results of 40 healthy non-infected volunteers. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their diagnosis: chronic prostatitis NIH type II (n = 38), chronic epididymitis (n = 12), and chronic urethritis (n = 21). Read More

Indian J Urol 2008 Jul;24(3):356-61

Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the major health problems in India. Genitourinary tuberculosis comprises 20% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and is the most common extrapulmonary system to be affected by this disease. The recent surge in the incidence of HIV-infected patients in India has further ignited the fury. Read More

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2008 Dec;41(6):528-30

Department of Infection, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.

This report is of a patient with isolated tuberculous epididymitis presenting with a scrotal tumor. A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing, painless mass over his right testicle. A non-tender indurated tumor was identified in the right hemi-scrotum. Read More

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2008 Oct;14(10):917-9

Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and the treatment of tuberculous epididymitis.

Methods: Retrospective studies were made of 20 cases of isolated epididymal tuberculosis defined as "tuberculosis infection affecting the epididymis without evidence of renal involvement as documented by the absence of acid fast bacilli in the urine sample and on imaging" among 35 patients with epididymal tuberculosis. Two weeks after the intensified anti-TB treatment by the combined therapy of Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Streptomycin or Ethambutol, all the patients underwent surgical removal of the tuberculous lesion, followed again by the combined therapy for 6-9 months. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2008 Sep;54(9):625-7

Department of Urology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School Institute of Health Bioscience.

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is commonly used against superficial urothelial carcinoma, especially carcinoma in situ (CIS). We report a case of tuberculous epididymitis that occurred during a course of intravesical BCG therapy. A 76-year-old man had received intravesical BCG therapy for multiple superficial bladder cancer and CIS in prostatic urethra after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt). Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2008 Jul-Aug;34(4):422-32; discussion 432

Division of Urology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Purpose: To describe and classify 80 cases of urogenital tuberculosis in seven groups of similar clinical and radiological presentation.

Materials And Methods: 80 patients (56 males, 70%; median age 34 years; age range 12 to 75) with urogenital tuberculosis were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided in seven groups: 1) Bilateral parenchymatous renal lesions; 2) No or minimal changes on radiographic examination; 3) Unilateral renal tuberculosis; 4) Contracted bladder; 5) Contracted bladder with renal failure; 6) Tuberculosis on a transplanted kidney; 7) Isolated genital tuberculosis. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2008 Jul;9(4):305-13

Division of Urology, Maimonides Medical Center, 48-02 Tenth Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.

Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract presents with atypical manifestations. Only 20% to 30% of patients with genitourinary tuberculosis have a history of pulmonary infection. Tuberculosis often affects the lower genitourinary system rather than the kidney. Read More

Urology 2009 May 10;73(5):1163.e5-7. Epub 2008 Jul 10.

Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Genitourinary tract tuberculosis is a specific chronic granulomatous infection. However, epididymal tuberculosis presented as a huge scrotal mass is uncommon. We report one case of epididymal tuberculosis that was noted 5 months after the prostate biopsy and was managed with unilateral simple epidymo-orchiectomy. Read More