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J Med Virol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Ave. Dr. Arnaldo, 355, 01246-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Enteroviruses (EV) are most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection, mainly aseptic meningitis. In Brazil, data available concerning the distribution of EV types are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe of types EV in patients with infection of the CNS in São Paulo State. Read More

J Med Virol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Po Box 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon.

Background: In Cameroon, routine diagnosis of central nervous system infections (CNS) is based on the detection of bacteria, fungi, parasites and mycobacteria in cerebrospinal fluids (CSF). Therefore, there is no data on viral etiologies of meningoencephalitis (ME) in the country. We aim to identify viral etiologies (herpesviruses and enteroviruses) of meningoencephalitis (ME) in Cameroon, in order to provide useful information to physicians that will help improving management of ME. Read More

J Med Virol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. No.10 West, You'anmen Avenue, Fengtai district, Beijing, 100069, P. R. China.

Objectives: To investigate the seroepidemiological features of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in the healthy population from 2012 to 2017 in Beijing City, China.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional investigation was conducted using serum specimens collected from healthy individuals in Beijing from 2012 to 2017. These samples were tested for neutralization antibodies (NtAbs) against EV-D68. Read More

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020 May 23. Epub 2020 May 23.

Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Co-infection has been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome, but there is limited knowledge on co-infection among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prevalence of co-infection was variable among COVID-19 patients in different studies, however, it could be up to 50% among non-survivors. Co-pathogens included bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila and Acinetobacter baumannii; Candida species and Aspergillus flavus; and viruses such as influenza, coronavirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus, influenza B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Read More

Virus Res 2020 May 29:198040. Epub 2020 May 29.

Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Núcleo de Bioinformática do Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Electronic address:

The interactions between chemokine receptors and their ligands may affect susceptibility to infectious diseases as well as their clinical manifestations. These interactions mediate both the traffic of inflammatory cells and virus-associated immune responses. In the context of viral infections, the human C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) receives great attention from the scientific community due to its role as an HIV-1 co-receptor. Read More

J Heart Lung Transplant 2020 Apr 30;39(4S):S485-S486. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.

Purpose: This study assessed respiratory pathogens isolated in the first year post lung transplant in a recent multicenter cohort. Prior studies may not reflect current practices in antimicrobial prophylaxis and molecular diagnostics.

Methods: We examined 499 consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples for microbial isolates in 82 lung transplant recipients (LTR) enrolled in the prospective Genomic Research Alliance for Transplantation from July 2015 to 2017. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 May 26;20(1):252. Epub 2020 May 26.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 4-590 ECHA, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.

Background: The relative contribution of viruses to central nervous system (CNS) infections in young infants is not clear. For viral CNS infections, there are limited data on features that suggest HSV etiology or on predictors of unfavorable outcome.

Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, seven centers from the Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada identified infants < 90 days of age with CNS infection proven to be due to enterovirus (EV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2014. Read More

J Clin Virol 2020 May 15;128:104420. Epub 2020 May 15.

Enterovirus and Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, National Centre for Microbiology (CNM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo km 2, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: . Viral infections are recognized as the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Virus detection by immune analytical methods is recommended for diagnosis because of its simplicity and low cost. Read More

Curr Microbiol 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.

Influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) are common pathogens for viral infection in children. In order to investigate the epidemiology of these four viral infections in the central region of Zhejiang province, China, 10,638 respiratory secretion samples previously tested for IAV and IBV, and 6427 whole blood samples previously tested for EV71 and CVA16 detection were analyzed retrospectively. The present data shows that viral infections with these four viruses featured with distinct seasonal patterns. Read More

J Clin Virol 2020 Apr 26;128:104334. Epub 2020 Apr 26.

Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Arvo Ylpönkatu 34, FIN-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.

Background: Persistent enterovirus infections create a difficult therapeutic challenge in immunocompromised patients and may also contribute to the development of chronic diseases including type 1 diabetes, cardiomyopathies, post-polio syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Objectives: To study the ability of antiviral drugs to eradicate such infection in vitro to evalaute their potential in the treatments of these patients.

Study Design: We set out to evaluate several licensed or clinically tested drugs which have shown some anti-enterovirus activity in previous studies for their ability to cure persistent infection established by two different coxsackievirus B1 strains in a pancreatic cell line (PANC-1 cells). Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 May 22;69(20):623-629. Epub 2020 May 22.

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched in 1988, the number of polio cases worldwide has declined approximately 99.99%; only two countries (Afghanistan and Pakistan) have never interrupted wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission (1). The primary means of detecting poliovirus circulation is through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) among children aged <15 years with testing of stool specimens for WPV and vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) (genetically reverted strains of the vaccine virus that regain neurovirulence) in World Health Organization (WHO)-accredited laboratories (2,3). Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2019 Oct-Dec;37(4):569-573

Infection Biology Lab, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-XI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Introduction: Human rhinovirus (HRV) and Enterovirus (ENV) are the major causes of childhood acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). This study sought to understand the distribution pattern of HRV subgroups, their seasonality and association with respiratory complications in patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Results: Of the total 332 ARTI samples, 82 (24. Read More

Crit Care Explor 2020 Apr 29;2(4):e0107. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Both authors: Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Endemic and pandemic viral respiratory infections have recently emerged as a critical topic of investigation given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak. Data from such outbreaks indicate that severe systemic comorbidities including acute neurologic illness are associated with illness and lead to significant outcome differences. Herein, we will discuss the neurologic manifestations of severe viral respiratory infections including coronavirus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and enterovirus. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 May 13:1-37. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), a positive-stranded RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family, may cause neurological complications or fatality in children. We examined specific factors responsible for this virulence using a chemical genetics approach. Known compounds from an anti-EV-A71 herbal medicine, Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), were screened for anti-EV-A71. Read More

PLoS One 2020 12;15(5):e0233117. Epub 2020 May 12.

Emerging Infectious Diseases Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is a major cause of death and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, however, the etiologic agents are often undetermined due to the lack of molecular diagnostics in hospitals and clinics. To examine evidence for select viral infections among patients with SARI in northern Vietnam, we studied 348 nasopharyngeal samples from military and civilian patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the greater Hanoi area from 2017-2019. Initial screening for human respiratory viral pathogens was performed in Hanoi, Vietnam at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) or the Military Institute of Preventative Medicine (MIPM), and an aliquot was shipped to Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore for validation. Read More

Crit Care 2020 05 8;24(1):211. Epub 2020 May 8.

Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020 May 8. Epub 2020 May 8.

Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran. Iran.

Agammaglobulinemia is a type of primary antibody deficiencies, characterized by severe reduction in serum level of all types of immunoglobulins level and absence of B cells in the peripheral blood. X-linked and various autosomal recessive/dominant mutations have been identified underlying the pathogenesis of this disorder. Affected patients present a broad range of clinical manifestations, including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal complications, Enterovirus infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020 22;2020:1043471. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Background: Infections by microbes (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) and parasites can cause serious diseases in both humans and animals. Heavy use of antimicrobials has created selective pressure and caused resistance to currently available antibiotics, hence the need for finding new and better antibiotics. Natural products, especially from plants, are known for their medicinal properties, including antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020 04;24(8):4519-4522

Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey.

The number of global COVID-19 infected cases is increased rapidly to exceed 370 thousand. COVID-19 is transmitted between humans through direct contact and touching dirty surfaces. This paper aims to find the similarity between DNA sequences of COVID-19 in different countries, and to compare these sequences with three different diseases [HIV, Hand-Foot-Mouth disease (HFMD), and Cryptococcus]. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2020 May 3:e13301. Epub 2020 May 3.

Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic la Fe, Valencia, Spain.

Background: Enterovirus/rhinoviruses (EvRh) are the most common cause of respiratory virus infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Objective: We sought to analyze the value of the immunodeficiency scoring index (ISI) in predicting lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) progression and mortality in a prospective cohort of consecutive adult (>16 years) allo-HSCT recipients with EvRh infection from December 1 2013 to December 1 2019 at two Spanish transplant centers.

Results: We included 234 allo-HSCT recipients with 383 EvRh episodes. Read More

J Clin Virol 2020 06 20;127:104374. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, NSW Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology - Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.

Introduction: There is limited data on the analytical performance of commercial nucleic acid tests (NATs) for laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal, combined nose and throat swabs, nasopharyngeal aspirates and sputum was collected from persons with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection, serial dilutions of SARS-CoV-2 viral cultures and synthetic positive controls (gBlocks, Integrated DNA Technologies) were tested using i) AusDiagnostics assay (AusDiagnostics Pty Ltd); ii) in-house developed assays targeting the E and RdRp genes; iii) multiplex PCR assay targeting endemic respiratory viruses. Discrepant SARS-CoV-2 results were resolved by testing the N, ORF1b, ORF1ab and M genes. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2020 Apr 4;176:19-32. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) are the major causes of hand, foot and mouth disease in young children. Although less so with CV-A16, both viruses are associated with serious neurological syndromes, but the differences between their central nervous system infections remain unclear. We conducted a comparative infection study using clinically-isolated CV-A16 and EV-A71 strains in a 1-day-old mouse model to better understand the neuropathology and neurovirulence of the viruses. Read More

J Med Virol 2020 Apr 30. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether coinfections with other respiratory pathogens occur in a significant subset of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in the greater New York City metropolitan area. During the period from March 16, 2020 through April 20, 2020, our laboratory detected SARS-CoV-2 infection in 8,990 patients of a total 18,704 tested by real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction amplification (SARS-CoV-2 Test, cobas® 6800 system, RocheDiagnostics). Read More

J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020 Jun 21;9(2):81-86. Epub 2019 Nov 21.

Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Children's Hospital, New York, United States.

The role of human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/HEV) in severe lower respiratory tract infections remains unclear. We characterized the respiratory status of children admitted to a large academic pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) who tested positive for only HRV/HEV. One hundred and fifty-five children met inclusion criteria with 62% requiring positive pressure respiratory support of 5 cm of water pressure or more within the first 24 hours of admission. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2020 Apr 24;56(4). Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70421, Taiwan.

: Enterovirus 71 (EV 71) infections may result in the rapid progression of cardiopulmonary failure. Early endotracheal intubation is considered to be of primary importance. However, the appropriate timing for this is still not known. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020 Jun;21(6):e333-e341

Pediatric Critical Care Research Group, Child Health Research Center, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Objectives: Viral infections are common in children, but there is a lack of data on severe viral infections in critically ill children. We investigated testing for viral infections in children requiring PICU admission and describe the epidemiology and outcomes.

Design: Multicenter retrospective study. Read More

Science 2020 04;368(6489):362-363

Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, VA, USA.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 Apr 24;69(16):489-495. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) can emerge in areas with low poliovirus immunity and cause outbreaks* of paralytic polio (1-5). Among the three types of wild poliovirus, type 2 was declared eradicated in 2015 (1,2). The use of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV; types 1, 2, and 3 Sabin strains) ceased in April 2016 via a 1-month-long, global synchronized switch to bivalent OPV (bOPV; types 1 and 3 Sabin strains) in immunization activities (1-4). Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2020 Apr 22. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO

Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and accuracy of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (BFPP) for identification of pathogens in lower respiratory tract specimens (n=200) from ED and ICU patients at a tertiary care academic medical center. Specimens were collected between January and November 2018, from patients ≥18 years of age, and had a culture performed as part of standard of care testing. The BFPP identified a viral or bacterial target in 117/200 (58. Read More

Virol J 2020 Apr 22;17(1):58. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.

Background: Prophylactic vaccines are critical in preventing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) primarily caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Children aged less than 5 years are especially susceptible to EV71 infections. In addition to the development of vaccines containing the inactivated virus, those containing virus-like particles (VLPs) with repeated antigens also constitute an effective preventive strategy for EV71 infections, with safety and productivity advantages. Read More

Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2020 Apr 6;33(2):248-250. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTexas.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a highly fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome that is increasingly being recognized in adults. It can be primary or secondary in the setting of malignancy, autoimmune disorders, infections, or acquired immune deficiencies. We present a case of a 50-year-old man with enterovirus-associated multiorgan system dysfunction and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2020 ;2132:629-639

Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a causative agent for acute respiratory infections and potentially central nervous system illnesses with increasing epidemiological significance. Recent studies have highlighted the role of sialic acids as a functional receptor for EV-D68 in vitro. However, further investigations are required to reveal its significance in actual infections in human. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 Apr 16;20(1):166. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zürich, Switzerland.

Background: Diagnostic evaluation of febrile young infants is challenging. Empirical antimicrobial treatment is therefore common practice in this setting despite high percentage of causative viral infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of rapid enterovirus cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction (CSF EV PCR) test on hospital length of stay (LOS) and antimicrobial treatment duration in young febrile infants. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2020 Apr 15;44. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.

Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of AFP in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the WHO. Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2018, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2020 Apr 15;44. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.

Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2017, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2020 Apr 15;44. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.

Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2016, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1. Read More

Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2020 Apr 15;44. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.

Australia conducts surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the main method to monitor its polio-free status. Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2015, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1. Read More

BMC Complement Med Ther 2020 Mar 23;20(1):97. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background: The hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a febrile and exanthematous childhood disease mainly caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). In severe HFMD, virulent EV-A71 strains can cause acute flaccid paralysis and cardiopulmonary edema leading to death. Currently, no FDA approved antiviral treatment or vaccine is available for EV-A71. Read More

Virus Res 2020 Jul 11;283:197974. Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Valosin-containing protein (VCP) plays roles in various cellular activities. Recently, Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) infection was found to hijack the VCP protein. However, the mechanism by which VCP participates in the EVA71 life cycle remains unclear. Read More

JAMA 2020 Apr;323(14):1347-1348

Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Wiad Lek 2020 ;73(3):423-427

O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Objective: Introduction: The research of biological properties of enteroviruses associated with ischemic stroke (IS) allows us to identify their intratypic differences. The aim: to identify genetic markers of strains of enteroviruses associated with IS.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 11 strains of enteroviruses isolated from the serum of patients with IS were identified in the virus neutralization test. Read More

BMC Public Health 2020 Apr 10;20(1):479. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease whose mechanism of transmission continues to remain a puzzle for researchers. The measurement and prediction of the HFMD incidence can be combined to improve the estimation accuracy, and provide a novel perspective to explore the spatiotemporal patterns and determinant factors of an HFMD epidemic.

Methods: In this study, we collected weekly HFMD incidence reports for a total of 138 districts in Shandong province, China, from May 2008 to March 2009. Read More

Science 2020 04;368(6487):116-117

Leslie Roberts is a science writer in Washington, D.C.

J Infect Dis 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has been noted for its tendency to lead to neurological manifestations in young children and infants. Although the alimentary tract has been identified as the primary replication site of this virus, how EV-A71 replicates in the gut and is transmitted to other organs remains unclear. By using differentiated C2BBe1 cells as a model, we observed that intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were permissive to EV-A71 infection and viral particles were released in a nonlytic manner. Read More

Nature 2020 04;580(7804):446-447

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Apr 7;20(1):271. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Medical Genetic Centre, Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511442, People's Republic of China.

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease occurring in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA-16) are identified as the predominant pathogens. In recent years, Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA-6) and Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA-10) have played more and more important role in a series of HFMD outbreaks. This study aimed to understand the epidemic characteristics associated with HFMD outbreak in Guangzhou, 2018. Read More

Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2020 11;2020:7931950. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Research Biomolecular for Infectious Disease Department of Vietnam National Children's Hospital (VNCH), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

Lower respiratory tract infections are commonly caused by viruses and cause significant morbidity and mortality among children. Early identification of the pathological agent causing these infections is essential to avoid unnecessary antibiotic use and improve patient management. Multiplex PCR techniques were recently developed to detect multiple viral pathogens using a single PCR reaction. Read More

Lancet 2020 04;395(10230):1163-1166

Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address:

Vestn Oftalmol 2020 ;136(1):124-129

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 14/19 Sadovaya-Chernogryazskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 105062.

The article reviews literature and proprietary data on the role of pathogens in the etiology of infectious and non-infectious uveitis. Infectious uveitis is caused by active intraocular replication of the virus (herpesvirus, acute stage of enterovirus), or by long-term persistence of the viruses in eye tissues (Fuchs syndrome associated with rubella virus, late complications of enterovirus uveitis). Clinical picture, severity, outcomes of infectious uveitis depend on the pathogen, adequacy of the immune response and genetic characteristics of the patient. Read More

BMJ 2020 04 2;369:m1043. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Objectives: To outline which infectious diseases in the pre-covid-19 era persist in children and adolescents in China and to describe recent trends and variations by age, sex, season, and province.

Design: National surveillance studies, 2008-17.

Setting: 31 provinces in mainland China. Read More