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Epidemiol Infect 2019 Jan;147:e90

Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and Tampere University Hospital,Tampere,Finland.

Enteric pathogens have been related to child undernutrition. Whereas there are lots of data on enteric bacterial microbiota and infections, much less is known about the incidence of prevalence of intestinal colonisation with viruses or important parasitic species. This study assessed the presence of selected viruses and parasites in stools of 469, 354, 468 Malawian children at 6, 12 and 18 months. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2019 Jan;147:e126

Department of Veterinary Medicine,Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering,University of São Paulo (FZEA/USP),Avenue Duque de Caxias Norte,225, Jardim Elite,Pirassununga,São Paulo 13635-900,Brazil.

It is suggested that bovine enteroviruses (BEV) are involved in the aetiology of enteric infections, respiratory disease, reproductive disorders and infertility. In this study, bovine faecal samples collected in different Brazilian states were subjected to RNA extraction, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and partial sequencing of the 5'-terminal portion of BEV. One hundred and three samples were tested with an overall positivity of 14. Read More

J Virol 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Most viruses have acquired mechanisms to suppress antiviral IFN-α/β and stress responses. Enteroviruses actively counteract the induction of IFN-α/β gene transcription and stress granule (SG) formation, which are increasingly implicated as a platform for antiviral signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Both viral proteases (2A and 3C) have been implicated to suppress these responses, but these conclusions predominantly rely on ectopic overexpression of viral proteases or addition of purified viral proteases to cell lysates. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2019 ;8(1):339-352

a Aix Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME , Marseille , France.

Acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) is frequently observed in tropical settings, but diagnosing the cause of AUF is often a challenge for local physicians and the physicians treating returning travellers. We conducted a case-control study in central Vietnam in 2016. A total of 378 febrile adult patients (AUFs) with a fever for ≤21 days, no evidence of localized infection and negative screening tests for dengue and malaria, and 384 afebrile adult patients (Controls) were prospectively enrolled. Read More

Travel Med Infect Dis 2019 Mar 8. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. Electronic address:

Background: Viral respiratory tract infections are frequent among Hajj pilgrims. However, it is still not known whether viruses are responsible for the symptoms observed in sick pilgrims or whether they only colonize sick and asymptomatic pilgrims.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among French Hajj pilgrims in 2016. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Jun 17;25(6). Epub 2019 Jun 17.

We determined the change in seroprevalence of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) in the United Kingdom in age-stratified cohorts from 2006 to 2016, the period during which EV-D68 emerged as a cause of severe respiratory disease occasionally leading to paralysis. Infections were acquired primarily in infants and young children, and incidence was markedly higher in 2016. Read More

Sci Adv 2019 Mar 6;5(3):eaau4255. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Recent worldwide outbreaks of enterovirus 71 (EV71) have caused major epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease with severe neurological complications, including acute flaccid paralysis. EV71 is transmitted by the enteral route, but little is known about the mechanisms it uses to cross the human gastrointestinal tract. Using primary human intestinal epithelial monolayers, we show that EV71 infects the epithelium from the apical surface, where it preferentially infects goblet cells. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2019 Mar 7;236:124-128. Epub 2019 Mar 7.

Handan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hebei, 056000, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has a propensity to cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics associated with neurological sequelae. Unfortunately, no drugs are currently available for the clinical treatment of EV71 infections. Sophoridine (SRI) is one of the most abundant alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Aiton (Leguminosae), which has been used to treat fever, throat inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 Mar 8;68(9):225-230. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Widespread use of live attenuated (Sabin) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has resulted in marked progress toward global poliomyelitis eradication (1). However, in underimmunized populations, extensive person-to-person transmission of Sabin poliovirus can result in genetic reversion to neurovirulence and paralytic vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) disease (1). This report updates (as of February 26, 2019) previous reports on circulating VDPV type 2 (cVDPV2) outbreaks during 2017-2018 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and in Somalia, which experienced a concurrent cVDPV type 3 (cVDPV3) outbreak* (2,3). Read More

Virulence 2019 Mar 4. Epub 2019 Mar 4.

a Enterovirus Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , Slovak Medical University , Limbova 12, 83301 Bratislava .

Enteroviral infections are frequent, often asymptomatic in humans and during gravidity. The present study is an extension of our previous investigations where we had shown pancreatitis in challenged pups of CVB4-E2 infected dams. Present investigation describes the effect of gestational infection with this virus on the pancreas of both dams and their challenged pups. Read More

Clin Biochem 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital, First Hospital of Putian, China.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by a variety of enterovirus infections, and the most common types of virus infections are the newenterovirus71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A group 16 (CoxA16). A small fraction of HFMD will cause further severe HFMD. A rapid and accurate diagnosis biomarker of severe HFMD is important for the timely treatment. Read More

Tex Med 2019 Feb 1;115(2):47. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Polio once terrified Americans. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, the virus crippled around 35,000 Americans a year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Because polio often attacked abdominal muscles used to breathe, many died or permanently needed a respirator called an iron lung. Read More

J Virol 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Infection of enteroviruses can cause severe neurological complications in humans. The interactions between the enteroviral and host proteins may facilitate the virus replication and be involved in pathogenicity of infected individuals. It has been shown that human enteroviruses possess various mechanisms to suppress host innate immune responses in infected cells. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 12;10:134. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, Toulouse, France.

The guanabenz derivative Sephin1 has recently been proposed to increase the levels of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation by inhibiting dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase 1-GADD34 (PPP1R15A) complex. As phosphorylation of eIF2α by protein kinase R (PKR) is a prominent cellular antiviral pathway, we evaluated the consequences of Sephin1 treatment on virus replication. Our results provide evidence that Sephin1 downregulates replication of human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, human adenovirus 5 virus, human enterovirus D68, human cytomegalovirus, and rabbit myxoma virus. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 Feb 11;116(9):3758-3763. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224;

Echoviruses are amongst the most common causative agents of aseptic meningitis worldwide and are particularly devastating in the neonatal population, where they are associated with severe hepatitis, neurological disease, including meningitis and encephalitis, and even death. Here, we identify the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) as a pan-echovirus receptor. We show that loss of expression of FcRn or its binding partner beta 2 microglobulin (β2M) renders cells resistant to infection by a panel of echoviruses at the stage of virus attachment, and that a blocking antibody to β2M inhibits echovirus infection in cell lines and in primary human intestinal epithelial cells. Read More

Tex Med 2018 May 1;114(5):46. Epub 2018 May 1.

J Immunol 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110

Epithelial barrier cells are proposed to be critical for host defense, and airway epithelial cell capacity for IFN signal transduction is presumed to protect against respiratory viral infection. However, it has been difficult to fully test these concepts given the absence of tools to analyze IFN signaling specific to airway epithelial cells in vivo. To address these issues, we generated a new line of transgenic mice with -driver genes ( and ) for a floxed- allele (designated mice) to target the master IFN signal regulator STAT1 in airway epithelial cells and tested these mice for control of infection because of mouse parainfluenza (Sendai) virus and human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 22. Epub 2019 Feb 22.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr Andrija Stampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia.

Aims: To investigate the viral etiology of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in hospitalized adults and elderly patients in Croatia, compare the prevalence of detected viruses, and to determine clinical characteristics and seasonal occurrence of investigated infections.

Methods: From January 2016 to June 2018, a total of 182 adult patients presented with symptoms of ARI and admitted to the hospital were tested for 15 respiratory viruses by multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Clinical data were collected by retrospective analysis of the patient's chart. Read More

J Innate Immun 2019 Feb 20:1-15. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels,

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by islet inflammation and progressive pancreatic β cell destruction. The disease is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms leading to the triggering of early innate and late adaptive immunity and consequent progressive pancreatic β cell death remain unclear. The insulin-producing β cells are active secretory cells and are thus particularly sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Mar;25(3):585-588

We evaluated enterovirus D68 seroprevalence in Kansas City, Missouri, USA, from samples obtained during 2012-2013. Neutralizing antibodies against Fermon and the dominant 2014 Missouri isolate were universally detected. Titers increased with age. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 20. Epub 2019 Feb 20.

Univ. Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, EA3610, Lille, France.

Traditional practitioners commonly use plant crude extracts to treat various diseases in patients with symptoms that can be seen during enterovirus infections. In this study, the antienteroviral activity of medicinal plants from the Republic of Congo has been evaluated in vitro. Through an ethnopharmacological approach, seven plants grouped into six families were identified. Read More

Euro Surveill 2019 Feb;24(7)

Translational Research Network in Paediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.

IntroductionEnterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is an emerging pathogen that causes a wide range of disorders including severe neurological manifestations. In the past 20 years, this virus has been associated with large outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease with neurological complications in the Asia-Pacific region, while in Europe mainly sporadic cases have been reported. In spring 2016, however, an EV-A71 outbreak associated with severe neurological cases was reported in Catalonia and spread further to other Spanish regions. Read More

Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

a Department of the National Immunization Program , Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , China.

Introduction: Enterovirus A71(EV-A71)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has been reported worldwide, and poses a particularly heavy burden on patients, families, and society in China. Three Chinese companies have licensed inactivated EV-A71 vaccines, all of which have demonstrated good efficacy for preventing EV-A71-associated disease in clinical trials. However, real-world performance of EV-A71 vaccine has not been evaluated. Read More

Mol Inform 2019 Feb 19. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67081, France.

Recent outbreaks of dangerous viral infections, such as Ebola virus disease, Zika fever, etc., are forcing the search for new antiviral compounds. Preferably, such compounds should possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity, as the development of drugs for the treatment of dozens of viral infections lacking specific treatment would require significant resources. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019 Apr 16;511(2):253-259. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, PR China. Electronic address:

Inactivated vaccines are widely used for prevention of viral disease. Both humoral and cellular immune responses have been shown to play important roles in the control and clearance of virus infections. CpG motif containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have recently gained considerable interest and been used as vaccine adjuvant due to their potent abilities to modulate host immune response. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 Feb 15;68(6):153-156. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination is recommended routinely for children at age 12-23 months, for persons who are at increased risk for hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, and for any person wishing to obtain immunity. Persons at increased risk for HAV infection include international travelers to areas with high or intermediate hepatitis A endemicity, men who have sex with men, users of injection and noninjection drugs, persons with chronic liver disease, person with clotting factor disorders, persons who work with HAV-infected primates or with HAV in a research laboratory setting, and persons who anticipate close contact with an international adoptee from a country of high or interme-diate endemicity (1-3). Persons experiencing homelessness are also at higher risk for HAV infection and severe infection-associated outcomes. Read More

BMJ 2019 Feb 13;364:l231. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Pediatrics, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.

Objective: To determine whether infection with human enterovirus or adenovirus, both common intestinal viruses, predicts development of coeliac disease.

Design: Case-control study nested within Norwegian birth cohort recruited between 2001 and 2007 and followed to September 2016.

Setting: Norwegian population. Read More

Circulation 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Medical and Molecular Virology EA4684, Laboratoire de Virologie médicale et moléculaire, et EA-4684, Hôpital Robert Debré, France.

Background: Group B enteroviruses are common causes of acute myocarditis which can be a precursor of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), leading causes of heart transplantation. To date, the specific viral functions involved in the development of DCM remain unclear.

Methods: Total RNA from cardiac tissue of patients suffering from DCM was extracted, and sequences corresponding to the 5' termini of enterovirus RNAs were identified. Read More

J Vis Exp 2019 Jan 26(143). Epub 2019 Jan 26.

Department of Pathology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch.

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is produced as a replicative intermediate during RNA virus infection. Recognition of dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as the retinoic acid (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) leads to the induction of the innate immune response. The formation and intracellular distribution of dsRNA in positive-sense RNA virus infection has been well characterized by microscopy. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(6):e14195

Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control.

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious public health problem with increasing cases and substantial financial burden in China, especially in Wuhan city. Hence, there is an urgent need to construct a model to predict the incidence of HFMD that could make the prevention and control of this disease more effective.The incidence data of HFMD of Wuhan city from January 2009 to December 2016 were used to fit a combined model with seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model and support vector regression (SVR) model. Read More

PLoS One 2019 30;14(1):e0208902. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Biochemistry, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.

Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. Read More

Diabetologia 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.

In type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by chronic autoimmune responses. The disease develops in genetically susceptible individuals, but a role for environmental factors has been postulated. Viral infections have long been considered as candidates for environmental triggers but, given the lack of evidence for an acute, widespread, cytopathic effect in the pancreas in type 1 diabetes or for a closely related temporal association of diabetes onset with such infections, a role for viruses in type 1 diabetes remains unproven. Read More

J Virol 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a viral pathogen that leads to severe respiratory illness and has been linked with the development of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children. No vaccines or antivirals are currently available for EV-D68 infection, and treatment options for hospitalized patients are limited to supportive care. Here, we report the expression of the EV-D68 2A protease (2A) and characterization of its enzymatic activity. Read More

MBio 2019 01 22;10(1). Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA

Enteroviruses are a common cause of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness, and multiple subtypes, including poliovirus, can cause neurologic disease. In recent years, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been associated with serious neurologic illnesses, including acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), frequently preceded by respiratory disease. A cluster of 11 suspect cases of pediatric AFM was identified in September 2016 in Phoenix, AZ. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2019 Mar 11;23(2):235-239. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) was increasingly detected in recent years, coinciding with upsurges of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections. We reviewed the evidence for a causal relationship between both. Based on reported cases, we provide case definitions for AFM caused by EV-D68 infections to enable a standard procedure for affected patients. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 22;19(1):79. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.

Background: Severe hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness caused by various enteroviruses. The disease has imposed increased burden on children younger than 5 years old. We aimed to determine the epidemiology, CNS complication, and etiology among severe HFMD patients, in Jiangsu, China. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019 Jan;40(1):79-83

Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.

To estimate the serotype and age-specific hospitalization burden associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Anhua county of Hunan province, between October 2013 and September 2016. We collected hospitalization records of HFMD patients from 6 virological surveillance hospitals, and reimbursement records through new rural cooperative medical system from 23 township health centers to estimate the age-specific hospitalization burden of HFMD in Anhua. Combined with the results of virological surveillance, the serotype-specific hospitalization burden of HFMD in Anhua, was estimated. Read More

Rev Med Microbiol 2019 Jan 1;30(1):1-17. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.

There are 425 million people with diabetes mellitus in the world. By 2045, this figure will grow to over 600 million. Diabetes mellitus is classified among noncommunicable diseases. Read More

BMC Public Health 2019 Jan 17;19(1):79. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Department of Anesthesiology and Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.

Background: On April 28, 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared polio a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" (PHIC) under the authority of the International Health Regulations. Although polio has been eradicated from nearly every nation on earth, Pakistan is one of three countries where wild polio and vaccine-derived polio strains remain, thwarting global eradication efforts.

Aims: Polio eradication progress is complicated by security and conflict issues at the border area between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Read More

Cell Discov 2019 15;5. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

2CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) belongs to the species A and is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Here we present cryo-EM structures of CV-A10 mature virion and native empty particle (NEP) at 2.84 and 3. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Jan 15;20(2). Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.

Enteroviruses are among the most common causes of viral meningitis. Enteroviral meningitis continues to represent diagnostic challenges, as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell numbers (a well validated diagnostic screening tool) may be normal in up to 15% of patients. We aimed to identify potential CSF biomarkers for enteroviral meningitis, particularly for cases with normal CSF cell count. Read More

BMC Public Health 2019 Jan 15;19(1):69. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: In 2016, the Government of India introduced the oral rotavirus vaccine (ROTAVAC, Bharat Biotech, India) in 4 states of India as part of the Universal Immunization Programme, and expanded to 5 more states in 2017. We report four years of data on rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children < 5 years of age prior to vaccine introduction.

Methods: Children from 7 sites in southern and northern India hospitalized for diarrhoea were recruited between July 2012 and June 2016. Read More

BMC Public Health 2019 Jan 14;19(1):58. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.

Background: Following the Syrian crisis, a substantial influx of Syrian refugees into Lebanon posed new challenges to optimal vaccination coverage for all children residing in the country. In 2016, the district-based immunization coverage evaluation survey (CES) assessed routine immunization coverage at the district level in Lebanon among children aged 12-59 months.

Methods: A cross-sectional multistage cluster survey was conducted in all of Lebanon (with the exception of the Nabatieh district) using the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) methodology adapted to the local context. Read More

Top Antivir Med 2019 Jan;26(4):117-121

University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

The recent hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak in San Diego was driven by homelessness, associated sanitation conditions, and illicit drug use. As with an outbreak in Michigan, fueled by similar factors, morbidity and mortality were higher than what has been observed with post-vaccine era foodborne HAV outbreaks. Control of the outbreak in San Diego was accomplished with vaccine, sanitation, and education initiatives that targeted those at highest risk. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2019 Mar 9;80:66-72. Epub 2019 Jan 9.

Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy.

Objectives: Enteric viruses are responsible for foodborne and waterborne infections affecting a large number of people. Data on food and water viral contamination in the south of Italy (Sicily) are scarce and fragmentary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of viral contamination in food, water samples, and surface swabs collected in Sicily METHODS: The survey was conducted on 108 shellfish, 23 water samples (seawater, pipe water, and torrent water), 52 vegetables, one peach and 17 berries, 11 gastronomic preparations containing fish products and/or raw vegetables, and 28 surface swabs. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Pediatrics, T.N. Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Objective: To determine the frequency of respiratory pathogens in infants diagnosed with acute lower respiratory tract infections.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in infants hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI), in a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city of Western India. Nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed by multiplex real time polymerase chain reaction, for 18 viruses and 3 bacteria (H. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Mar 10;164(3):747-755. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Pathogen Discovery Laboratory and Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.

A variety of viruses can cause acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). However, the causative agent, sometimes, remains undetermined. Metagenomics helps in identifying viruses not diagnosed by conventional methods. Read More

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Children's Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.

Aims: Enteroviruses (EVs) are the most common agents of aseptic meningitis. Some serotypes can cause serious neuroinfection leading to death. The aim of this study was to determine the representation of EVs in the etiology of aseptic meningitis in children and to analyze the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological characteristics of patients with EV meningitis. Read More

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018 Jan.-Mar;16(61):100-102

Department of Nephrology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

We report a 37 year female patient, admitted with complains of fever, jaundice and myalgia of seven days. There was no history of trauma, drug abuse, seizure or vigorous exercise nor history of renal and musculoskeletal disease. Here we have discussed the clinical features, biochemical derangements, diagnosis of coxsackie B virus, multi organ involvement and need of urgent hemodialysis for appropriate management of the case. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Mar 27;656:1358-1364. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China. Electronic address:

Background: Prior studies have shown that climate factors and air pollution are associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics. However, the interaction between air pollution and climate factors remains unknown.

Methods: Daily HFMD counts from 2009 through 2012 in Guangdong were collected. Read More