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Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Feb 19:1-3. Epub 2019 Feb 19.

Healthcare Infection Prevention Program,Virginia Commonwealth University Health System,Richmond, Virginia.

We investigated the impact of discontinuation of contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infected or colonized patients on central-line associated bloodstream infection rates at an academic children's hospital. Discontinuation of contact precautions with a bundled horizontal infection prevention platform resulted in no adverse impact on CLABSI rates. Read More

Germs 2018 Dec 3;8(4):186-190. Epub 2018 Dec 3.

MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.

Introduction: Resistance to different antimicrobial agents is increasing in enterococci and effective treatment represents a major health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and the frequency of high level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) among enterococci.

Methods: A total of 80 enterococcal isolates, (73 7 ) were collected from patients with hospital acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) at Mansoura University hospitals in Egypt. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019 8;8:29. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

1Department of Medical Microbiology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal.

Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections in the neonatal ICU are growing global problems. We report a case of neonatal septicemia by multidrug-resistant vancomycin-resistant (VRE), the source of infection being the mother's gut.

Case Presentation: A newborn male child admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was diagnosed to have mild meconium aspiration syndrome, early onset neonatal septicemia, and bacteremia by multidrug and vancomycin-resistant . Read More

Benef Microbes 2019 Feb 18:1-22. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

1 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.

Probiotics play an important role in maintaining a healthy and stable intestinal microbiota, primarily by preventing infection. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to be inhibitory to many bacterial enteric pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant strains. Whilst the positive role that probiotics have on human physiology, specifically in the treatment or prevention of specific infectious diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) is known, the precise mechanistic basis of these effects remains a major research goal. Read More

Microbiologyopen 2019 Feb 17:e814. Epub 2019 Feb 17.

Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Synthetic 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amines have been shown in previous studies to possess several biological activities, such as antifungal and antiprotozoal. In the present study, we describe the antibacterial activity of new synthetic 1,3-bis(aryloxy)propan-2-amines against Gram-positive pathogens (Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) including Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Read More

Rev Clin Esp 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Cantabria, España. Electronic address:

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most frequent infections. In the elderly, they have multiple comorbidities. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical and microbiological epidemiology of elderly persons admitted for UTIs and to evaluate the suitability of empirical treatments and their implications regarding mortality. Read More

Microb Drug Resist 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

1 Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital of Shenzhen University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China.

Although case reports and clinical studies of linezolid (LZD)-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (LREF) have gradually increased in recent years, the relationship between LZD resistance and antibiotic consumption in hospital settings still remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic relationship between the yearly detection frequency of LREF clinical isolates and yearly consumption of LZD and vancomycin (VCM) over a 5-year period in a Chinese hospital setting. Antibiotic consumption data (LZD and VCM) from 2011 to 2015 were obtained from a computerized database and recalculated as the defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 bed-days (DBD). Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019 30;9. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention - Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

(VRE) infection is a serious challenge for clinical management and there is no effective treatment at present. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic intervention have been shown to be promising approaches for reducing the colonization of certain pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, however, no such studies have been done on VRE. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FMT and two strains (Y74 and HT121) on the colonization of VRE in a VRE-infection mouse model. Read More

Trop Med Infect Dis 2019 Feb 12;4(1). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.

Strongyloidiasis, due to infection with the nematode , affects millions of people in the tropics and subtropics. has a unique auto-infective lifecycle such that it can persist in the human host for decades. In immunosuppressed patients, especially those on corticosteroids, potentially fatal disseminated strongyloidiasis can occur, often with concurrent secondary infections. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology (location, microbial load, microbiome, presence/absence of biofilm, and pathogens, including ESKAPE - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles) of the bacterial contamination on intensive care units (ICUs) surfaces. Fifty-seven high-touched surfaces were collected from adult, paediatric and neonatal ICUs from two large public Brazilian hospitals from central and north regions. Samples (~4cm ) were subjected to culture (qualitative), qPCR targeting 16s rRNA gene (microbial load - bacteria/cm ), 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing (microbiome analysis) and scanning electron (SEM) or confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (biofilm presence). Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 12;19(1):141. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.

Background: Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction syndrome (CAIDS) has been identified in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), predisposing them to a wide variety of infections. In patients with LC, healthcare-associated infections involving multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have increased significantly over the last decades. Among them, hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (HA-UTI) are the most common. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Objectives: The optimal treatment for serious infections due to Enterococcus spp. is unknown although combination antimicrobial therapy is often recommended for invasive infections to achieve bactericidal activity and improve clinical outcomes. Oritavancin is a novel lipoglycopeptide agent with in vitro activity against enterococci, including vancomycin-resistant VanA-type Enterococcus faecium. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California.

Background: Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) spread between hospitals, nursing homes (NH), and long-term acute care facilities (LTACs) via patient transfers. SHIELD OC is a regional public health collaborative involving decolonization at 38 healthcare facilities selected based upon their high degree of patient sharing. We report baseline MDRO prevalence in 21 NH/LTACs. Read More

Med Chem 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Institute of Biochemistry, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald. Germany.

Background: Due to emerging resistances against antibiotics there is a strong need to find novel antibacterial agents with a novel structure to prevent early resistance developments.

Objective: Bisindole compounds with antibacterial activities which formally result from the reaction of an aldehyde with indole motivated to investigate the reaction of a dialdehyde and indole to give novel structures with potential antibacterial activities.

Method: Compounds were yielded by chemical synthesis and purified using column chromatography. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL) , CSIC-UAM , C/Nicolás Cabrera 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain.

Findings concerning the antiadhesive activity of cranberry phenolic compounds and their microbial-derived metabolites against Gram-negative ( Escherichia coli ATCC 53503 and DSM 10791) and Gram-positive ( Enterococcus faecalis 04-1) bacteria in T24 cells are reported. A-Type procyanidins (A2 and cinnamtannin B-1) exhibited antiadhesive activity (at concentrations ≥250 μM), a feature that was not observed for B-type procyanidins (B2). The metabolites hippuric acid and α-hydroxyhippuric acid also showed effective results at concentrations ≥250 μM. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 Feb 11;15(2):e1007571. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.

Bacterial pathogens have evolved strategies that enable them to invade tissues and spread within the host. Enterococcus faecalis is a leading cause of local and disseminated multidrug-resistant hospital infections, but the molecular mechanisms used by this non-motile bacterium to penetrate surfaces and translocate through tissues remain largely unexplored. Here we present experimental evidence indicating that E. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Divisions of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Electronic address:

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but challenging complication of arthroplasty. Herein, we describe the epidemiology and microbiology of PJI, with a focus on analyzing differences between the microbiology of polymicrobial versus monomicrobial infection of hip, knee, and shoulder prostheses. In addition, we report the most frequent co-pathogens in polymicrobial infections, as detected by culture. Read More

Klin Lab Diagn 2018 ;63(9):574-578

Samara State Medical University, 43099, Samara, Russia.

The aim of our research was to evaluate the structure and the determination of the phenotypes of antibiotic resistance of microflora isolated from patients' blood in a multidisciplinary hospital during the period from 2013 to 2017. The material was taken into BacT / ALERT bottles containing nutrient media, followed by incubation of blood. In case of a positive result, the material from the vials was dispersed into dense nutrient media. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019 1;8:26. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

4University of Chichester, West Sussex, UK.

Background: Valuation of the economic cost of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is important for decision making and should be estimated accurately. Highly variable or erroneous estimates may alarm policy makers and hospital administrators to act, but they also create confusion as to what the most reliable estimates are and how these should be assessed. This study aimed to assess the quality of methods used in studies that quantify the costs of AMR and to determine the best available evidence of the incremental cost of these infections. Read More

Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Microbiome Analyses and Therapeutics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.

Bloodstream infections and Graft-versus-Host disease (GvHD) are common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) procedures, associated with the gut microbiota which acts as a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens. Selective gut decontamination (SGD) and total gut decontamination (TGD) during HSCT have been associated with a decreased risk of developing these complications after transplantation. However, since studies have shown conflicting results, the use of these treatments remain subject of debate. Read More

Dev Comp Immunol 2019 Feb 4;95:10-18. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA. Electronic address:

Drosophila melanogaster possesses a sophisticated and effective immune system composed of humoral and cellular immune responses, and production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is an important defense mechanism. Expression of AMPs is regulated by the Toll and IMD (immune deficiency) pathways. Production of AMPs can be systemic in the fat body or a local event in the midgut and epithelium. Read More

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Feb 7:1-6. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,Maryland.

Objective: In the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center, patients colonized or infected with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are placed in contact isolation until they are deemed "decolonized," defined as having 3 consecutive perirectal swabs negative for VRE. Some decolonized patients later develop recurrent growth of VRE from surveillance or clinical cultures (ie, "recolonized"), although that finding may represent recrudescence or new acquisition of VRE. We describe the dynamics of VRE colonization and infection and their relationship to receipt of antibiotics. Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1, Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 420-8527, Japan.

A 44- and a 66-year-old woman underwent nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) to treat obstructive pancreatitis secondary to a pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer. Both patients were diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer and underwent chemotherapy for 17 and 15 months, respectively. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a solid pancreatic tail tumor measuring 2. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2002 Holcombe Boulevard (OCL 112), Houston, TX, 77030, USA.

We compared paired operative bone cultures (initial operation and reoperation) for 35 patients who experienced foot osteomyelitis treatment failure at a single hospital. Concordance was poor (kappa = 0.180). Read More

Int J Microbiol 2019 2;2019:5328238. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial effects of the leaf latex of against infectious bacterial strains.

Methods: The leaf latex of at different concentrations (400, 500, and 600 mg/ml) was evaluated for antibacterial activities using the disc diffusion method against some Gram-negative species such as (ATCC 14700) and (ATCC 35619) and Gram-positive such as (ATCC 50080) and (ATCC 4623).

Results: The tested concentrations of the latex ranging between 400 and 600 mg·mL showed significant antibacterial activity against bacterial strain. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2018 21;9:1506. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Clinical studies showed that the use of probiotics during critical illness reduced nosocomial infection and improved clinical outcome. However, the functional mechanisms of probiotics is remains unclear. Therefore the aim of current study is to explore the protective effects and understand the underlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects of live combined and (LCBE) in cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Vancomycin-resistant s (VRE) is a leading cause of hospital acquired infection, with limited treatment options. Resistance to one of the few remaining drugs, daptomycin, is a growing clinical problem, and has previously been described in this hospital. In response to increasing resistance, an antimicrobial stewardship intervention was implemented to reduce hospital-wide use of daptomycin. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2019 Feb 1;8(1). Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.

Some biocidal agents used for disinfection have been described to enhance antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative species. The aim of this review was therefore to evaluate the effect of 13 biocidal agents at sublethal concentrations on antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive species. A MEDLINE search was performed for each biocidal agent on antibiotic tolerance, antibiotic resistance, horizontal gene transfer, and efflux pump. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Med J Aust 2019 Feb 7;210(2):86. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Deakin University, Melbourne.

J Nutr Biochem 2018 Dec 21;65:101-114. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China. Electronic address:

The combination of Puerariae Lobatae Radix (PLR) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma (CXR) is commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases. This work aimed to clarify the mechanisms of their action in treating cerebral ischemic stroke from the perspective of gut microecology. The PLR and CXR combination effectively improved the neurological function, reduced the cerebral infarction and relieved the complications of cerebral ischemic stroke, including dyslipidemia, increased blood viscosity and thrombotic risk. Read More

Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue 2019 Jan;31(1):67-72

Department of Emergency-Critical Care Medicine, Huashan North Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China. Corresponding author: Xia Zhijie, Email:

Objective: To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen caused community-onset bloodstream infection (COBSI) in patients of affiliated hospital of university, and to provide evidence for the clinical therapy.

Methods: The clinical data of patients with COBSI in emergency department admitted to Huashan North Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2014 to December 2017 were collected, and the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into community-acquired bloodstream infection (CABSI) group and health care-associated bloodstream infection (HCABSI) group according to clinical diagnosis. Read More

Endosc Int Open 2019 Feb 30;7(2):E268-E273. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

 Prevention of infection transmission from contaminated endoscopes would benefit from a rapid test that could detect low levels of viable bacteria after high level disinfection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rapid NOW! (RN) test's ability to detect endoscope contamination. The RN test kit and the accompanying fluorometer were evaluated. Read More

Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Aim: To evaluate the antibiofilm effect and esp gene downregulation of Enterococcus faecalis through nanozinc oxide fabricated on natural zeolite (NanoZnO/Ze). Materials & methods:Zeolite and NanoZnO/Ze materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to evaluate zinc release. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France

Urinary tract infections are among the most common reasons for antimicrobial treatment, early diagnosis could have a significant impact by enabling rapid administration of the adapted antibiotic and preventing complications. The current delay between sample receipt and pathogen identification is about 24-48 hours, which could be significantly shortened by an accurate direct method. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is already used for the identification of pathogens in clinical laboratories and constitutes a promising tool for direct diagnosis. Read More

Clin Microbiol Rev 2019 Mar 30;32(2). Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

SUMMARYThe genus comprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that are of great relevance to human health for their role as major causative agents of health care-associated infections. The enterococci are resilient and versatile species able to survive under harsh conditions, making them well adapted to the health care environment. Two species cause the majority of enterococcal infections: and Both species demonstrate intrinsic resistance to common antibiotics, such as virtually all cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Read More

Microb Drug Resist 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

1 Department of Epizootiology with Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.

Enterococci are a natural component of the intestinal flora of many organisms, including humans and birds. As opportunistic pathogens, they can cause fatal infections of the urinary tract and endocarditis in humans, whereas in poultry symptoms are joint disease, sepsis, and falls in the first week of life. The study covered 107 Enterococcus strains-56 isolated from humans and 51 from turkeys. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2019 Jan 29;19(1):36. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari, 56700, Nepal.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of most common pediatric infections. The study was designed to assess the clinical profile, common bacterial microorganisms causing UTI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns at B. P. Read More

Int J Microbiol 2018 31;2018:7510157. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

Amhara Public Health Institute (APHI), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Background: that colonize the intestinal tract of immunocompromised patients are an important cause of nosocomial infections. Data on the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant (VRE) and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors are scarce in the present study area. Therefore, this study was conducted aimed at determining the prevalence of VRE colonization among HIV-infected patients attending ART clinic at West Amhara Government Hospitals. Read More

Environ Pollut 2019 Feb 19;245:1041-1049. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane Academic Division, Pretoria, South Africa. Electronic address:

The development of antibiotic resistance and dissemination of its determinants is an emerging public health problem as it compromises treatment options of infections that were, until recently, treatable. Investigation of outbreaks of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) suggests that the environment serves as a significant reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is a paucity of data regarding the presence of ARGs in the water sources in South Africa. Read More

Dent Mater 2019 Mar 21;35(3):403-413. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the surface and wettability characteristics and the microbial biofilm interaction of graphene coating on titanium.

Methods: Graphene was deposited on titanium (Control) via a liquid-free technique. The transfer was performed once (TiGS), repeated two (TiGD) and five times (TiGV) and characterized by AFM (n=10), Raman spectroscopy (n=10), contact angle and SFE (n=5). Read More

Gut Pathog 2019 18;11. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

1Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Background: The onset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranked fifth malignancies all over the world. Increasing evidences showed that the distribution of HCC was related to the incidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and other factors, such as alcoholism, aflatoxin B1 ingestion and obesity. Recent studies demonstrated that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in liver diseases. Read More

Infect Dis Ther 2019 Mar 23;8(1):113-118. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA.

Introduction: The microbial epidemiology differs between infective endocarditis (IE) patients with and without a history of injection drug use. We set out to determine the prevalence and microbial epidemiology of infective endocarditis in our region, the Southeastern USA, to determine if any changes need to be made in empiric antimicrobial treatment.

Methods: The electronic medical record was reviewed for patients with IE between January 2013 and July 2017, which revealed 299 cases. Read More

J Mater Sci Mater Med 2019 Jan 22;30(2):17. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe, is reported to take responsibility for a large portion of refractory root canal infections and root canal re-infections of human teeth. Chlorhexidine is a strong bactericide against E. Read More

GMS Infect Dis 2017 28;5:Doc09. Epub 2017 Dec 28.

Department of Translational Research and New Technologies, University of Pisa, Italy.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is a common clinical condition that often leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use. The reduction of antibiotic overuse for ABU is consequently an important issue for antimicrobial stewardship to reduce the emergence of multidrug resistant strains. In the clinical setting we have an important issue that requires special attention: the role of ABU in women affected by recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). Read More

Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Klinikum St. Georg - Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie.

Introduction: Burn-injured patients are at particularly high risk of infection; as such one would expect an increased requirement of antibiotics compared to other intensive care patients. There is no data in the literature investigating this hypothesis in Germany. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic consumption in severe burn patients and to compare this data with those from surgical intensive care units. Read More

ChemMedChem 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia.

While the ribosome is a common target for antibiotics, challenges with crystallography can impede the development of new bioactives using structure-based drug design approaches. In this study we exploit common structural features present in linezolid-resistant forms of both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) to redesign the antibiotic. Enabled by rapid and facile cryoEM structures, this process has identified (S)-2,2-dichloro-N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl)acetamide (LZD-5) and (S)-2-chloro-N-((3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-oxooxazolidin-5-yl)methyl) acetamide (LZD-6), which inhibit the ribosomal function and growth of linezolid-resistant MRSA and VRE. Read More

Intern Med J 2019 Jan 22. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia.

Background: Preliminary studies have reported promising results for the utility of Ga-68 citrate PET-CT for infection imaging. This technique offers reduced radiation dose to patients, shorter time between injection and imaging and reduced time for image acquisition compared to the 'gold standard' nuclear imaging technique: Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy.

Aims: To compare the two imaging modalities to ascertain whether Ga-68 citrate PET-CT is of equivalent diagnostic efficacy for bone and joint infection or pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and to assess image quality and reporter confidence. Read More

Ann Hematol 2019 Mar 21;98(3):763-773. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Enterococcus species are commensals of the human gastrointestinal tract with the ability to cause invasive infections. For patients with hematological diseases, enterococcal bloodstream infections (BSI) constitute a serious clinical complication which may even be aggravated if the pathogen is vancomycin-resistant. Therefore, we analyzed the course of BSI due to vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) in comparison to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) on patient survival. Read More

Acta Vet Scand 2019 Jan 21;61(1). Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia.

Background: The prevalence of resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in food-producing animals has increased worldwide. The objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from healthy and diseased swine and cattle in Estonia. Read More