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Pathogens 2019 Apr 14;8(2). Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Faculty of Pharmacy and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CE 90610-000, Brazil.

complex has been increasingly recognized as a nosocomial pathogen representing the third major Enterobacteriaceae species involved with infections. This study aims to evaluate virulence and antimicrobial susceptibility of subpopulations generated from macrocolonies of NDM-1 producing clinical isolates. Biofilm was quantified using crystal violet method and fimbrial genes were investigated by PCR. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) is rapidly increasing in prevalence among isolates of the opportunistic pathogen , leaving few treatment options. Phage lysins are cell wall hydrolases that have a demonstrated therapeutic potential against Gram-positive pathogens, however the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria prevents most lysins from reaching the peptidoglycan, making them less effective as therapeutics. Nevertheless, a few lysins from gram-negative phage can penetrate the bacterial outer membrane, aided by an amphipathic tail found in the molecule's termini. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China. Electronic address:

Objectives: Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae are two major pathogens of urinary tract infection. Here we characterized the genome of a NDM-1 producing E. cloacae strain and an ESBL-producing E. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2019 Apr 19:e13097. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplant Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.

Endotipsitis is a rare but severe complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), a device widely used to treat portal hypertension in adults, but sparsely used in children. We report a case of endotipsitis in a 3-year-old child affected of biliary atresia. She underwent a Kasai procedure at 3 months of age but, although the bile flow was restored, she presented upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension 1. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Apr 18;9(1):6266. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae remain a critical clinical concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae detected within and between two hospitals in uMgungundlovu district, South Africa, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 1;10:539. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.

The acronym ESKAPE includes six nosocomial pathogens that exhibit multidrug resistance and virulence: , and spp. Persistent use of antibiotics has provoked the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) bacteria, which render even the most effective drugs ineffective. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria have emerged as an important therapeutic challenge. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Allecra Therapeutics SAS, St-Louis, France

Enmetazobactam, formerly AAI101, is a novel penicillanic acid sulfone extended-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitor. The combination of enmetazobactam with cefepime has entered clinical trials to assess safety and efficacy in patients with complicated urinary tract infections. Here, the in vitro activity of cefepime-enmetazobactam was determined for 1,993 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and collected in the US and Europe during 2014 and 2015. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

As increasing numbers of colistin-resistant bacteria emerge, new therapies are urgently needed to treat infections caused by these pathogens. The discovery of new combination therapies is one important way to solve such problems. Herein, we report that the antitumor drug PFK-158 and its analogs PFK-015 and 3PO can exert synergistic effects with colistin against colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, including positive or high-level colistin resistant (HLCR) isolates, as shown by a checkerboard assay. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Head and Neck Institute, Portland, OR, USA.

Objective: Self-inflicted gunshot wounds (SIGSWs) to the craniomaxillofacial region are uncommon injuries but are associated with a high mortality rate. Therefore, treating these patients is a rare occurrence even in the largest trauma centers. As with many rare conditions, data specifically addressing this injury pattern are scarce. Read More

PLoS One 2019 15;14(4):e0215177. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria has emerge as a global threat in clinical practices. The treat is more serious in developing countries due to inappropriate use, poor adherence, use of counterfeit, sub-standard antibiotics and poor infection control practices. Data on ESBL producing Gram-negative bacteria are limited in developing countries including Ethiopia. Read More

Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2019 Mar-Apr;13(2):48-55

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of uropathogens causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) and to determine their pattern of antimicrobial resistance.

Methods: This study was conducted on 273 urine samples collected from outpatient departments (OPDs) of Qassim University affiliated hospitals. Fully automated VITEK 2 compact system was used in the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of causative microorganisms. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019 29;8:61. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

1Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016 People's Republic of China.

Background: ESKAPEEc contribute to a majority of bloodstream infections (BSIs) and their antibiogram have changed overtime, while data concerning about these alterations are lacking in China. Added that a paucity of studies referred to ESKAPEEc in pediatric BSIs, our study aimed to demonstrate the longitudinal alterations of ESKAPEEc distribution and antibiogram in adult and pediatric BSIs in Southwest China.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective surveillance study was launched from 2012 to 2017. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2019 Apr 12;6(4):ofz123. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Achaogen, Inc., South San Francisco, California.

Plazomicin is an aminoglycoside that was approved in June 2018 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, due to , , , and . Plazomicin was engineered to overcome the most common aminoglycoside resistance mechanism, inactivation by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, but is not active against the less common 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases (16S-RMTase), which confer target site modification. As an aminoglycoside, plazomicin maintains activity against Enterobacteriaceae that express resistance mechanisms to other antibiotic classes, including metallo-β-lactamases. Read More

Expert Rev Med Devices 2019 Apr 8:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

b Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.

Objectives: Endogenous and exogenous infection of the biliary tract could occur during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

Methods: Bile samples of patients with hepatobiliary diseases, and swab samples of elevator channel samples of duodenoscope and washing instruments were prepared simultaneously and cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the most common characterized bacterial species was tested, and their genetic relatedness was analyzed by multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats method. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 21;10:574. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Antibiotic Resistance and Phage Therapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.

Infections due to antibiotic resistant bacteria are increasing globally and this needs immediate attention. Bacteriophages are considered an effective alternative for the treatment of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the bacteriophages that infect , , and species. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2019 ;8(1):564-574

Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.

Tigecycline is regarded as a last-resort treatment for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), however, the emergence of tigecycline heteroresistance has posted the therapeutic challenge to combat this "nightmare bacteria". The primary purpose of this study was to demonstrate the existence of tigecycline heteroresistance in carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae (TH-CRECL) and further to explore the epidemiological characteristics and underlying molecular mechanisms. Read More

Proc Biol Sci 2019 Apr;286(1900):20190236

1 School of Biological Science, Royal Holloway University of London , Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX , UK.

Theory suggests that symbionts can readily evolve more parasitic or mutualistic strategies with respect to hosts. However, many symbionts have stable interactions with hosts that improve nutrient assimilation or confer protection from pathogens. We explored the potential for evolution of increased parasitism or decreased parasitism and mutualism in a natural gut symbiosis between larvae of Plutella xylostella and the microbe Enterobacter cloacae. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2019 20;12:667-674. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China,

Background: Tigecycline is regarded as a last resort treatment for carbapenem-resistant (CREC) infections, and increasing numbers of tigecycline- and carbapenem-resistant (TCREC) isolates have been reported in recent years. However, risk factors and clinical impacts of these isolates are poorly characterized.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-case-control study of hospitalized patients with TCREC infection during the period 2012-2016 in Chongqing, China. Read More

Insects 2019 Mar 28;10(4). Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn campus, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, UK.

Mass insect rearing can have a range of applications, for example in biological control of pests. The competitive fitness of released insects is extremely important in a number of applications. Here, we investigated how to improve the fitness of a transgenic diamondback moth, which has shown variation in mating ability when reared in different insectaries. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 27;63(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

There is an urgent need for new therapies to overcome antimicrobial resistance especially in Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Repurposing old U.S. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 27;63(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

The activity of mecillinam (amdinocillin) was assessed in ( = 420) isolated from urine samples between 2016 and 2017. Mecillinam susceptibilities were 97.4% in isolates (294/302), 89. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands.

Food for human consumption is screened widely for the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria to assess the potential for transfer of resistant bacteria to the general population. Here, we describe an complex isolated from imported seafood which encodes two carbapenemases. Both enzymes belong to the Ambler class A β-lactamases, the previously described IMI-2 and a novel family designated FLC-1. Read More

Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019 Mar 21. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany. Electronic address:

Increasing isolation rates of resistant bacteria in the last years require identification of potential infection reservoirs in healthcare facilities. Especially the clinical wastewater network represents a potential source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this work, the siphons of the sanitary installations from 18 hospital rooms of two German hospitals were examined for antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues including siphons of showers and washbasins and toilets in sanitary units of psychosomatic, haemato-oncological, and rehabilitation wards. Read More

Future Med Chem 2019 Mar 22;11(5):443-461. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk & Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland.

The emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance requires development of alternative therapeutic options. Multidrug-resistant strains of Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019 Mar 14. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Department of Pharmacy, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608, Singapore; Singhealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, 8 College Road, Level 4, Singapore 169857 Singapore; Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore. Electronic address:

Increasing resistance to polymyxin, a last-line antibiotic, is a growing public health concern worldwide. The primary objective of this study was to identify predictors for the isolation of polymyxin-resistant (PR) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) among hospitalized patients. The secondary objective was to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with PR-CRE infections. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2019 Mar 16. Epub 2019 Mar 16.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.

Objectives: To characterize an MDR blaIMP-4-harbouring plasmid from Enterobacter cloacae EC62 of swine origin in China.

Methods: Plasmid pIMP-4-EC62 from E. cloacae EC62 was transferred by conjugation via filter mating into Escherichia coli J53. Read More

Mol Microbiol 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.

The Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) consists of closely related bacteria commonly associated with the human microbiota. ECC are increasingly isolated from healthcare-associated infections, demonstrating that these Enterobacteriaceae are emerging nosocomial pathogens. ECC can rapidly acquire multidrug resistance to conventional antibiotics. Read More

Microorganisms 2019 Mar 12;7(3). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.

Previously known as from 1980 to 2007, is an opportunistic bacterium that survives and persists in dry and low-moisture environments, such as powdered infant formula. Although causes disease in all age groups, infections caused by this pathogen are particularly fatal in infants born premature and those younger than two months. The pathogen has been isolated from various environments such as powdered infant formula manufacturing facilities, healthcare settings, and domestic environments, increasing the chance of infection through cross-contamination. Read More

Infect Dis Ther 2019 Mar 9. Epub 2019 Mar 9.

Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.

The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens has become a serious worldwide health concern. Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp.,) Acinetobacter spp. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 8;9(1):4012. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia.

Gut bacteria influence the development of different pathologies caused by bacteria, fungi and parasitoids in insects. Wax moth larvae became more susceptible to fungal infections after envenomation by the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor. In addition, spontaneous bacterioses occurred more often in envenomated larvae. Read More

Infection 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.

Background: Enterobacterales are among the most common causes of bacterial infections in the community and among hospitalized patients, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains have emerged as a major threat to human health. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is typical of MDRs, being mainly due to the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases or AmpC-type β-lactamases.

Objective: The objective of this paper is to review the epidemiological impact, diagnostic issues and treatment options with AmpC producers. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.

Understanding the nuances of AmpC β-lactamase mediated resistance can be challenging - even for the infectious diseases specialist. AmpC resistance can be classified into three categories: (a) inducible chromosomal resistance that emerges in the setting of a β-lactam compound, (b) stable derepression due to mutations in ampC regulatory genes, or (c) the presence of plasmid-mediated ampC genes. This review will mainly focus on inducible AmpC resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Read More

Biol Lett 2019 Mar;15(3):20180895

1 School of Biosciences, University of Exeter , Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE , UK.

Phage therapy is attracting growing interest among clinicians as antibiotic resistance continues becoming harder to control. However, clinical trials and animal model studies on bacteriophage treatment are still scarce and results on the efficacy vary. Recent research suggests that using traditional antimicrobials in concert with phage could have desirable synergistic effects that hinder the evolution of resistance. Read More

Microb Drug Resist 2019 Mar 5. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

1 Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.

The emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 on carbapenemase-producing bacteria has raised a major worldwide public health concern. This study reports the dissemination of bla in carbapenem-resistant isolates that caused nosocomial infections in a tertiary hospital in Mexico City. Seven Enterobacter cloacae and three Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial isolates from the same time period harbored the bla gene. Read More

GMS Hyg Infect Control 2019 1;14:Doc03. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Universitätsmedizin Essen, Krankenhaushygiene, Essen, Germany.

In ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) treatment units, medical devices for examination are commonly stored on open trays. The aim of this study is to investigate whether open storage is a relevant cause for microbiological contamination of ENT instruments during a working day. Qualitative and quantitative tests, such as imprints and swabs, were performed on the instruments and the surfaces of the treatment units in an ENT outpatient clinic at the beginning and at the end of consultation hours. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, IA, United States.

Objectives: Omadacycline is an aminomethylcycline antibacterial (oral and intravenous once-daily formulation) that recently (October 2018) received FDA approval for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) against selected organism groups. In this study, omadacycline and comparators were tested against 14000 non-duplicate bacterial isolates collected prospectively during 2017 from medical centres in Europe (EUR; 7000 isolates) and the United States (USA; 7000 isolates).

Methods: Omadacycline was tested by broth microdilution following CLSI M07-A11 (2018) methods. Read More

World J Hepatol 2019 Feb;11(2):208-216

Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.

Background: Pre-transplant nutrition is a key driver of outcomes following liver transplantation in children. Patients with biliary atresia (BA) may have difficulty achieving satisfactory weight gain with enteral nutrition alone, and parenteral nutrition (PN) may be indicated. While PN has been shown to improve anthropometric parameters of children with BA listed for liver transplantation, less is known about the risks, particularly infectious, associated with this therapy among this specific group of patients. Read More

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

1 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.

Background: There are no studies reporting the rate of surgical site infection (SSI) after surgery for endometriosis, although this information is valuable when discussing the most appropriate treatment strategy with the patient.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in a university hospital and regional reference center for endometriosis. We sought to measure the rate of SSI after endometriosis surgery using prospective SSI post-discharge surveillance data and the hospital information system via an ad hoc algorithm using both diagnosis and procedure code classifications. Read More

Clin Infect Dis 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Decatur, GA, USA.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are an urgent threat with potential for rapid spread. We evaluated the role of Medicare patient movement between facilities to model the spread of CRE within a region.

Methods: Through population-based CRE surveillance in the 8-county Atlanta Metropolitan area (population 4. Read More

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2019 Apr 26;40(4):392-399. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Medicine Institute Center for Value-Based Care Research,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.

Objective: Multiple studies have demonstrated that daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bathing is associated with a significant reduction in infections caused by gram-positive pathogens. However, there are limited data on the effectiveness of daily CHG bathing on gram-negative infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether daily CHG bathing is effective in reducing the rate of gram-negative infections in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Read More

J Card Surg 2019 Apr 25;34(4):186-189. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

The University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Purpose: The incidence and management of sternal wound complications in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is not well studied. We report outcomes in heart transplant patients who developed sternal infections requiring reoperations.

Methods: From 2004 to 2013, 437 patients underwent OHT at a single institution. Read More

Chemosphere 2019 Jun 18;224:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 18.

Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

The aim of the study was to compare bacterial composition and load in waters and fish related to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), particularly waters and wild fish affected by sugarplant processing (sugar cane and sugar beet). Aeromonads were the most frequently isolated group from water and fish. A. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 31;10:44. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.

The complex (ECC) includes common nosocomial pathogens capable of producing a wide variety of infections. Broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance, including the recent emergence of resistance to last-resort carbapenems, has led to increased interest in this group of organisms and carbapenem-resistant complex (CREC) in particular. Molecular typing methods based on heat-shock protein sequence, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, comparative genomic hybridization, and, most recently, multilocus sequence typing have led to the identification of over 1069 ECC sequence types in 18 phylogenetic clusters across the globe. Read More

Turk J Med Sci 2019 Feb 11;49(1):341-346. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors of patients colonized with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE).

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted between January 2010 and March 2016. The colonized group consisted of patients who had a CRE strain in their rectal swab cultures, whereas patients with negative rectal surveillance cultures for CRE who were concurrently hospitalized in the same units with the colonized group patients were included in the control group. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2019 Apr 15;68(4):269-276. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology (location, microbial load, microbiome, presence/absence of biofilm and pathogens, including ESKAPE-Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter species, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles) of the bacterial contamination on intensive care units (ICUs) surfaces. Fifty-seven high-touched surfaces were collected from adult, paediatric and neonatal ICUs from two large public Brazilian hospitals from central and north regions. Samples (c. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019 1;8:25. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

1Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 South Korea.

Background: Bed-ridden state, dysphagia, altered mental state, or respiratory muscle weakness are common in neurologic patients and increase the risk of pneumonia. The major causes of pneumonia in neurologic patients may differ from those in the general population, resulting in a different pathogen distribution. We investigated the trends of pathogen distribution in culture-positive pneumonia in hospitalized neurologic patients and the related antibiotic resistance in those with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Read More

Clin J Gastroenterol 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Gastroenterology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1, Kita-ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 420-8527, Japan.

A 44- and a 66-year-old woman underwent nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) to treat obstructive pancreatitis secondary to a pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer. Both patients were diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer and underwent chemotherapy for 17 and 15 months, respectively. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a solid pancreatic tail tumor measuring 2. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 02 5;10(1):604. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.

The gut microbiota contributes to host health and fitness, and imbalances in its composition are associated with pathology. However, what shapes microbiota composition is not clear, in particular the role of genetic factors. Previous work in Caenorhabditis elegans defined a characteristic worm gut microbiota significantly influenced by host genetics. Read More

J Hosp Infect 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Background: Preterm infants and critically ill neonates are predisposed to nosocomial infections as sepsis. Moreover, these infants acquire commensal bacteria, which might become potentially harmful. On-ward transmission of these bacteria can cause outbreaks. Read More