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Trends Microbiol 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, PO, Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address:

It has remained a puzzle why infants, during the first weeks of life, are especially prone to enterovirus infections. New work (Proc. Natl. Read More

Microb Cell Fact 2019 Apr 4;18(1):66. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.

Background: Oral vaccine is highly desired for infectious disease which is caused by pathogens infection through the mucosal surface. The design of suitable vaccine delivery system is ongoing for the antigen protection from the harsh gastric environment and target to the Peyer's patches to induce sufficient mucosal immune responses. Among various potential delivery systems, bacterial inclusion bodies have been widely used as delivery systems in the field of nanobiomedicine. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 03 8;10(1):1138. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.

Viruses from the genus Enterovirus are important human pathogens. Receptor binding or exposure to acidic pH in endosomes converts enterovirus particles to an activated state that is required for genome release. However, the mechanism of enterovirus uncoating is not well understood. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 02 11;116(9):3758-3763. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224;

Echoviruses are amongst the most common causative agents of aseptic meningitis worldwide and are particularly devastating in the neonatal population, where they are associated with severe hepatitis, neurological disease, including meningitis and encephalitis, and even death. Here, we identify the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) as a pan-echovirus receptor. We show that loss of expression of FcRn or its binding partner beta 2 microglobulin (β2M) renders cells resistant to infection by a panel of echoviruses at the stage of virus attachment, and that a blocking antibody to β2M inhibits echovirus infection in cell lines and in primary human intestinal epithelial cells. Read More

IDCases 2019 24;15:e00494. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Introduction: Human parechovirus (HPeV) infections appear common across age groups, and transmission is likely fecal-oral and through respiratory secretions. Cyclical and seasonal patterns have been described; however, HPeV has likely been previously underdiagnosed due to lack of commercially available diagnostic testing.

Presentation Of Case: We present identical triplets contracting HPeV Type 3. Read More

PLoS One 2019 30;14(1):e0208902. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Department of Biochemistry, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India.

Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2019 Jan 12;20:48-52. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

International Virotherapy Center, Research and Development, Riga, Latvia.

BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed primary malignant tumor of the kidney in adults, and includes the variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Despite new targeted therapies that improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for early-stage renal cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival for patients with stage IV renal cell carcinoma remains below 10%, and the 50% OS is less than one year. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma can be resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Read More

Microb Pathog 2019 Mar 8;128:245-249. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

University of Tunis El Manar, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, LR15CBBC05 Olive Biotechnology, 2050, Tunis, Tunisia.

(1) Many studies demonstrated that olive oil and the leaves have several biological activities, but the works on olive twigs remain very limited. In this report, we investigated for anti-coxsackievirus B-3 (CVB-3) and anti-herpes virus type 2 (HSV-2) activities of olive twigs from two Tunisian varieties: Chemlali (CM) and Chétoui (CT). Extraction from the olive twigs was carried out using successively hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Read More

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018 Jan.-Mar;16(61):100-102

Department of Nephrology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.

We report a 37 year female patient, admitted with complains of fever, jaundice and myalgia of seven days. There was no history of trauma, drug abuse, seizure or vigorous exercise nor history of renal and musculoskeletal disease. Here we have discussed the clinical features, biochemical derangements, diagnosis of coxsackie B virus, multi organ involvement and need of urgent hemodialysis for appropriate management of the case. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Mar 1;164(3):853-860. Epub 2019 Jan 1.

Medical College, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu road, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.

Coxsakievirus (CV) B4, CVB5, and CVA9 belong to the species Enterovirus B. These viruses can cause viral encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, pancreatitis, flaccid paralysis, dilated myocarditis, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). In order to analyze the evolution of CVB4, CVB5, and CVA9, we analyzed all of the available genome sequences of Enterovirus B (EVB) isolates and found that there were 12 putative recombination events that produced CVB4, 13 putative recombination events that produced CVB5, and 10 putative recombination events that produced CVA9. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 29;18(1):709. Epub 2018 Dec 29.

Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa and the National Health Laboratory Service, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.

Background: Human enteroviruses (HEVs) are common causal agents of aseptic meningitis in young children. Laboratory and syndromic surveillance during December 2015 and January 2016 noted an unusually high number of paediatric aseptic meningitis cases at a hospital in Mossel Bay, Western Cape Province, South Africa. HEV was detected in clinical samples, prompting an outbreak investigation. Read More

Maedica (Buchar) 2018 Sep;13(3):213-216

Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Meningitis is the most frequent infection of the central nervous system and viruses aret he most common agents. Enteroviruses are among the most important causative agents. The goal of this study was to determine Coxsackievirus and echovirus infections in children referred to Bahrami Hospital with the diagnosis of meningitis. Read More

Virology 2019 02 11;528:7-18. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University, 701 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address:

The contributions of RIG-I and MDA5 receptors to sensing viruses of the Picornaviridae family were investigated. The picornaviruses encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are detected by both MDA5 and RIG-I in bone marrow derived macrophages. In macrophages from wild type mice, type I IFN is produced early after infection; IFNβ synthesis is reduced in the absence of each sensor, while IFNα production is reduced in the absence of MDA5. Read More

Phytochemistry 2019 Feb 6;158:135-141. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, South Korea. Electronic address:

Five undescribed cycloartane-type triterpenoids, which were isolated for the first time from the genus, and a flavonoid glycoside together with 11 known compounds were isolated from the burs of Castanea crenata. The structures were elucidated based on the spectroscopic analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for antiviral activities against HRV1B-, CVB3-, and PR8-infected cells. Read More

Iran J Microbiol 2018 Aug;10(4):258-265

Biostatistic Department, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background And Objectives: Human enteroviruses (EV) are the most common causes of neonatal sepsis-like disease. The frequencies of EV including coxsackievirus A, coxsackievirus B and Echovirus serotypes have been studied in young infants (younger than three months) with sepsis. So far, the role of enteroviruses among neonates with sepsis was not determined in Ahvaz, Iran. Read More

Nat Microbiol 2019 Feb 26;4(2):280-292. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Enteroviruses comprise a large group of mammalian pathogens that includes poliovirus. Pathology in humans ranges from sub-clinical to acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis and meningitis. Until now, all of the enteroviral proteins were thought to derive from the proteolytic processing of a polyprotein encoded in a single open reading frame. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 Nov 21;7(1):185. Epub 2018 Nov 21.

Institute for Biological Products Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.

As one of the key members of the coxsackievirus B group, coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) can cause many central nervous system diseases, such as viral encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. Notably, epidemiological data indicate that outbreaks of CV-B5-associated central nervous system (CNS) diseases have been reported worldwide throughout history. In this study, which was conducted to promote CV-B5 vaccine and anti-virus drug research, a 3-day-old BALB/c mouse model was established using a CV-B5 clinical isolate (CV-B5/JS417) as the challenge strain. Read More

Bull Exp Biol Med 2018 Nov 18;166(1):58-62. Epub 2018 Nov 18.

V. A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

Replicative ability of 5 oncolytic enterovirus strains was evaluated on a panel of 18 human normal and tumor cells. The capacity of each cell line to support replication of enterovirus strains varied. Cell lines weakly replicating one virus could be highly sensitive to another viral strain. Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2018 12 29;17(12):1071-1083. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

d Children's Hospital , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.

Introduction: Virus infections have long been considered as a possible cause of type 1 diabetes (T1D). One virus group, enteroviruses (EVs), has been studied extensively, and clinical development of a vaccine against T1D-associated EV types has started.

Areas Covered: Epidemiological studies have indicated an association between EVs and T1D. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2019 Feb 10;79:58-64. Epub 2018 Nov 10.

Zhejiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Background: Recently, both sporadic and outbreak aseptic meningitis caused by enteroviruses have been reported in Zhejiang Province based on a surveillance system.

Methods: This study analysed the epidemiologic features, phylogenetic characteristics and prevalence of enterovirus neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) from 2014 to 2017 in Zhejiang Province.

Results: A total of 584 samples were collected. Read More

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018 Nov;52(11):1168-1172

College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.

To illuminate the gene characteristics and clinical characterization of Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) strains isolated from patients with sevre hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Qingdao city. A total of 1 844 patients of HFMD were consecutively admitted to Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from 2013 to 2014. Information of the study population described above was collected retrospectively. Read More

Cardiovasc Ther 2018 Dec 28;36(6):e12477. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.

Aims: To investigate whether there exists a cardio-protective effect of Fasudil, a selective Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, in an experimental murine model of acute viral myocarditis.

Methods: Male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to three groups: control, myocarditis treated with placebo and myocarditis treated with Fasudil (n = 40 animals per group). Myocarditis was established by intraperitoneal injection with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2019 Jan 24;127:102-114. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt; Center for scientific excellence "Helwan Structural Biology Research (HSBR)", Cairo, Egypt.. Electronic address:

Viral gastroenteritis is a major global public-health threat. All age groups are susceptible for this infection, but its most serious consequences affect children. Rotavirus, Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus are the most common viruses that cause gastroenteritis. Read More

Virol J 2018 10 16;15(1):157. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Department of Microbiology (Virology Section), Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226014, India.

Background: The Enterovirus (EV) surveillance system is inadequate in densely populated cities in India. EV can be shed in feces for several weeks; these viruses are not easily inactivated and may persist in sewage for long periods. Surveillance and epidemiological study of EV-related disease is necessary. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2018 Nov 27;194:67-78. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Treatment of drug resistant protozoa, bacteria, and viruses requires new drugs with alternative chemotypes. Such compounds could be found from Southeast Asian medicinal plants. The present study examines the cytotoxic, antileishmanial, and antiplasmodial effects of 11 ethnopharmacologically important plant species in Malaysia. Read More

MBio 2018 09 4;9(5). Epub 2018 Sep 4.

Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, USA

The cellular mRNA decay protein AUF1 acts as a restriction factor during infection by picornaviruses, including poliovirus, coxsackievirus, and human rhinovirus. AUF1 relocalizes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during infection by these viruses due to the disruption of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking by viral proteinases. Previous studies have demonstrated that AUF1 binds to poliovirus and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) RNA during infection, with binding shown to occur within the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of the 5' noncoding region (NCR) or the 3' NCR, respectively. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2018 Oct 1;837:117-126. Epub 2018 Sep 1.

International Virotherapy Center, Teātra iela 9-9, Riga LV-1050, Latvia.

Oncolytic viruses are a fast-developing cancer treatment field. Numerous viruses have been tested in clinical trials and three are approved. The first, Rigvir, is an immunomodulator with anti-tumour effect for treatment of melanoma, local treatment of skin and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma, for prevention of relapse and metastasis after radical surgery registered in Latvia, Georgia, Armenia and Uzbekistan. Read More

Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol Spring 2018;67(1):18-23

  Background: Acute respiratory infection result in high mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are several viral factors that originate respiratory diseases among them Enteroviruses(EVs) and Human Rhinoviruses(HRVs) can be mentioned. HRVs and EVs belong to Picornaviridae family and they have been recently classified under Enteroviruses. Read More

Science 2018 08;361(6404):800-803

Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.

Human enteroviruses are a major cause of neurological and other diseases. More than 100 serotypes are known that exhibit unexplained complex patterns of incidence, from regular cycles to more irregular patterns, and new emergences. Using 15 years of surveillance data from Japan (2000-2014) and a stochastic transmission model with accurate demography, we show that acquired serotype-specific immunity can explain the diverse patterns of 18 of the 20 most common serotypes (including Coxsackieviruses, Echoviruses, and Enterovirus-A71). Read More

J Nippon Med Sch 2018 ;85(3):187-190

Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital.

Background: Infantile aseptic meningitis is a rare infection of the central nervous system. Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is an enterovirus that is sometimes associated with aseptic meningitis and encephalitis.

Case Presentation: We report on three isolated infants with aseptic meningitis caused by CVB5 in the spring and summer of 2016 with nearly identical 404-bp CVB5 Viral Capsid Protein 1 (VP1) sequences. Read More

Phytomedicine 2018 Jul 7;46:32-38. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Viral myocarditis is defined as viral infection of myocardial tissue leading to impaired heart function and heart failure. Accumulating evidences have shown that arrhythmia is one of important complicating diseases of viral myocarditis causing increased mortality and morbidity. There are no effective treatment for the viral infection and complicating arrhythmia. Read More

Health Secur 2018 Jul/Aug;16(4):244-251. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Lindsay R. Gabbert, MPS, is a Life Scientist at Leidos, and Justin D. Smith, MS, was an ORISE Fellow and a Life Scientist at Leidos; John G. Neilan, PhD, is the Director; and Max V. Rasmussen, PhD, is a Microbiologist; all at the US Department of Homeland Security Science Group, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY. Geoffrey S. Ferman, MS, is Biological Safety Officer, US Department of Homeland Security, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY.

Validated procedures for decontamination of laboratory surfaces and equipment are essential to biosafety and biorisk programs at high-containment laboratories. Each high-containment laboratory contains a unique combination of surfaces, procedures, and biological agents that require decontamination methods tailored to specific facility practices. The Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) is a high-containment laboratory operating multiple biosafety level (BSL)-3, ABSL-3, and BSL-3 Ag spaces. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2018 08 3;14(8):e1007235. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

During Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection hepatitis is a potentially life threatening complication, particularly in newborns. Studies with type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice revealed a key role of the IFN-I axis in the protection against CVB3 infection, whereas the source of IFN-I and cell types that have to be IFNAR triggered in order to promote survival are still unknown. We found that CVB3 infected IFN-β reporter mice showed effective reporter induction, especially in hepatocytes and only to a minor extent in liver-resident macrophages. Read More

Virology 2018 09 26;522:271-280. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, F-59037 Lille, France. Electronic address:

Viral RNA (vRNA) is found in mice inoculated with coxsackievirus-B4E2 (CV-B4E2). The CV-B4E2 infection of murine spleen cells in vitro is enhanced with CV-B4E2-infected mouse serum. It has been investigated whether monocyte/macrophages were targets of CV-B4E2 in mice. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018 09 23;503(3):1641-1644. Epub 2018 Jul 23.

Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 199 Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China. Electronic address:

Viral myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease that seriously affects human health. Its mechanism is not clear. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a member of the picornavirus family and is the leading cause of viral myocarditis. Read More

J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018 Oct 21;160:1-11. Epub 2018 Jul 21.

Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address:

Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC) is typically caused by cardiotropic viral infection. There is a paucity of specific treatment options available with proven efficacy. Chinese patented pharmaceutical product Shenfu injection (SFI) has potent efficacy on treating AVMC in clinical practice. Read More

Water Res 2018 11 11;144:204-214. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

Dept. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada; School of Public Health, Room 3-57D, South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada. Electronic address:

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are phagocytic protozoa found in natural and engineered water systems. They can form disinfectant-resistant cysts, which can harbor various human pathogenic bacteria, therefore providing them with a means of environmental persistence and dispersion through water distribution and other engineered water systems. The association of FLA with human viruses has been raised, but the limited data on the persistence of infectious virions within amoebae leaves this aspect unresolved. Read More

Virol J 2018 07 18;15(1):110. Epub 2018 Jul 18.

Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Echoviruses, a serotype of enteroviruses, infect millions of people globally and there is no specific drug treatment or vaccine available for its management. The screening of medicinal plants used locally for the treatment of infectious diseases, can provide a reliable option in the discovery of potent therapeutic compounds. This study was carried out to investigate the antiviral activities of 27 medicinal plant extracts, belonging to 26 different plant species, selected from Nigerian ethnobotany, against echovirus 7, 13 and 19 serotypes (E7, E13 and E19, respectively). Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2018 08;24(8):1435-1443

We investigated the cause of seasonal outbreaks of pediatric acute encephalitis-like syndrome associated with litchi harvests (May-July) in northern Vietnam since 2008. Nineteen cerebrospinal fluid samples were positive for human enterovirus B, and 8 blood samples were positive for hypoglycemic toxins present in litchi fruits. Patients who were positive for hypoglycemic toxins had shorter median times between disease onset and admission, more reports of seizures, more reports of hypoglycemia (glucose level <3 mmol/L), lower median numbers of leukocytes in cerebrospinal fluid, and higher median serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase than did patients who were positive for enteroviruses. Read More

Virol Sin 2018 Aug 29;33(4):314-322. Epub 2018 Jun 29.

Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.

Stress granules (SGs) are intracellular granules formed when cellular translation is blocked and have been reported to be involved in a variety of viral infections. Our previous studies revealed that SGs are involved in the coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection process, but the role of SGs in CVB infection has not been fully explored. In this study, we found that CVB type 3 (CVB3) could induce SG formation in the early phase of infection. Read More

Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2018 Jun;46(6):450-457

Fourth Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.

To explore the effect of microRNA-21 (miR-21) on myocardial fibrosis in mice with chronic viral myocarditis (CVMC) and related mechanisms. Forty 4-week-old Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 each): phosphate buffer saline (PBS) group, CVMC group, CVMC+miR-21 inhibitor group, CVMC+isotype control group. The first injection of Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) or PBS was performed on day 0, and the total study time was 42 days. Read More

PLoS One 2018 20;13(6):e0199323. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Coxsackie B Virus (CBV) infection has been linked to the aetiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and vaccination has been proposed as prophylaxis for disease prevention. Serum neutralising antibodies and the presence of viral protein and RNA in tissues have been common tools to examine this potential disease relationship, whilst the role of anti-CBV cytotoxic T cell responses and their targets have not been studied. To address this knowledge gap, we augmented conventional HLA-binding predictive algorithm-based epitope discovery by cross-referencing epitopes with sites of positive natural selection within the CBV3 viral genome, identified using mixed effects models of evolution. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2018 Jul 17;18(1):1088-1094. Epub 2018 May 17.

Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection has been shown to stimulate autophagy. We have demonstrated that the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) signaling pathway could affect the autophagic reaction induced by CVB3 infection in our previous study. However, the processes associating autophagy and CVB3 replication remain to be determined. Read More

Acta Diabetol 2018 Aug 17;55(8):827-834. Epub 2018 May 17.

Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France.

Aims: Enteroviruses, especially coxsackieviruses B (CV-B), have been associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). An anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity in saliva of T1D patients was previously reported. Our aim was to study the association between the saliva anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity and immune parameters in T1D patients in comparison with non-diabetic individuals. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018 Aug 3;1864(8):2579-2589. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Acute viral myocarditis (VM), characterised by leukocyte infiltration and dysfunction of the heart, is an important cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Unfortunately, to date, the pathological mechanisms underlying cardiac failure in VM remain incompletely understood. In the current study, we investigated if acute VM leads to cardiac metabolic rewiring and if this process is driven by local inflammation. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(4):e0193992. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.

We aimed to examine the association between parental occupational social contact and hygiene factors on type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk and possible mediation of these effects through child enteroviral infection. We interviewed 333 incident T1D cases and 660 controls from 2008-2011 in Melbourne, Australia. Enteroviral indices (ribonucleic acid by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Coxsackie B virus antibody levels) in peripheral blood were measured in nested case control samples. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2018 07;98(7):718

Infectious Diseases and Dermatology Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Fréjus-Saint-Raphaël, 240 avenue Saint Lambert, FR-83600 Fréjus, France.

Nat Rev Microbiol 2018 Jun;16(6):368-381

Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

The genus Enterovirus (EV) of the family Picornaviridae includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, numbered enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. These diverse viruses cause a variety of diseases, including non-specific febrile illness, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, neonatal sepsis-like disease, encephalitis, paralysis and respiratory diseases. In recent years, several non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) have emerged as serious public health concerns. Read More

Exp Cell Res 2018 06 4;367(2):241-250. Epub 2018 Apr 4.

Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.

Viral myocarditis, which is caused by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, is a leading reason of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Progranulin (PGRN), a pleiotropic growth factor, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory function in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the expression and function of PGRN in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis remain largely unknown. Read More

Planta Med 2018 Jul 19;84(9-10):684-695. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

In this work, an integrated approach for the identification of new antiviral agents from natural sources for the treatment of acute respiratory infections is presented. The approach comprises (i) the selection of starting material based on traditional knowledge, (ii) phenotypic screening of extracts for antiviral activity, and (iii) the implementation of predictions to identify antiviral compounds and derive the molecular mechanism underlying their biological activity. A variety of starting materials from plants and fungi was selected for the production of 162 extracts. Read More