Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

J Med Virol 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.

Enteroviruses (EV) are most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infection, mainly aseptic meningitis. In Brazil, data available concerning the distribution of EV types are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe of types EV in patients with infection of the CNS in São Paulo State. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020 Apr;41(4):562-566

Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.

To understand the pathogens and molecular-epidemiologic characteristics of viral meningo-encephalitis in Zhejiang province during 2002 to 2018. All the samples were collected from suspected patients admitted to the hospitals under the monitoring program. Of the total samples, 2 173 were cerebrospinal fluids while the other 455 were stool specimens. Read More

J Clin Virol 2020 Jun 21;127:104349. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

National Poliovirus/Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece; Diagnostic Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.

Background: There are only sporadic data for the circulation of Enteroviruses (EVs) in Greece with previous studies reporting mainly the presence of Echoviruses (E) and Coxsackie viruses (CV) B.

Objectives: We carried out a surveillance study for the molecular characterization of EVs detected in hospitalized patients throughout Greece as well as a phylogenetic analysis of the most frequently encountered serotypes.

Study Design: Stools, cerebrospinal fluids, throat swabs and blood samples were collected from hospitalized patients with suspicion of EV infection. Read More

Wiad Lek 2020 ;73(3):423-427

O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.

Objective: Introduction: The research of biological properties of enteroviruses associated with ischemic stroke (IS) allows us to identify their intratypic differences. The aim: to identify genetic markers of strains of enteroviruses associated with IS.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 11 strains of enteroviruses isolated from the serum of patients with IS were identified in the virus neutralization test. Read More

Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2020 ;75(0)

Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.

Objectives: In Japan, the vaccination for mumps has been on a voluntary basis since 1993 because of safety concerns arising from the high incidence of aseptic meningitis associated with Japanese mumps vaccine strains. However, recent reports on the voluntary mumps vaccination have described the decreased incidence of postvaccination aseptic meningitis for unknown reasons. To explore the underlying reason for this decrease, we analyzed the influence of echoviruses, the most common causative viruses for community-acquired aseptic meningitis, on the previously reported incidence of aseptic meningitis following mumps vaccination. Read More

J Virol 2020 Apr 16;94(9). Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

Human enteroviruses (EVs), including coxsackieviruses, the numbered enteroviruses, and echoviruses, cause a wide range of diseases, such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), encephalitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), pneumonia, and bronchiolitis. Therefore, broad-spectrum anti-EV drugs are urgently needed to treat EV infection. Here, we demonstrate that FNC (2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine), a small nucleoside analog inhibitor that has been demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of HIV and entered into a clinical phase II trial in China, potently inhibits the viral replication of a multitude of EVs, including enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), CA6, EVD68, and coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), at the nanomolar level. Read More

Antivir Chem Chemother 2020 Jan-Dec;28:2040206620906061

Department of Virology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Arch Virol 2020 Mar;165(3):793-797

Division of Experimental Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.

Enteroviruses (EVs) and rhinoviruses (RVs) are significant pathogens of humans and are the subject of intensive clinical and epidemiological research and public health measures, notably in the eradication of poliovirus and in the investigation and control of emerging pathogenic EV types worldwide. EVs and RVs are highly diverse in their antigenic properties, tissue tropism, disease associations and evolutionary relationships, but the latter often conflict with previously developed biologically defined terms, such as "coxsackieviruses", "polioviruses" and "echoviruses", which were used before their genetic interrelationships were understood. This has created widespread formatting problems and inconsistencies in the nomenclature for EV and RV types and species in the literature and public databases. Read More

Arch Virol 2020 Mar 7;165(3):757-760. Epub 2020 Jan 7.

Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), 935 Jiao Ling Road, Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.

Echovirus 21 (E21) belongs to the species Enterovirus B, whose members are frequently associated with acute flaccid paralysis. E21 strain 553/YN/CHN/2013 was isolated from a healthy child in Yunnan, China, in 2013. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of E21 in China. Read More

Arch Virol 2020 Feb 11;165(2):433-438. Epub 2019 Dec 11.

Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, North 19 West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan.

A regional epidemic of aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus 30 (E30) occurred in Hokkaido, Japan, during the period of August-December 2017. To investigate their phylogenetic relationship to other human enteroviruses, we determined the complete genomic nucleotide sequences of isolates from this outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral capsid protein 1 gene showed that the strains were most closely related to E30 strains detected in Germany, France, and Russia in 2013. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Nov 29;19(1):1010. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Background: Aseptic meningitis epidemics may pose various health care challenges.

Methods: We describe the German enterovirus meningitis epidemics in the university hospital centers of Düsseldorf, Cologne and Berlin between January 1st and December 31st, 2013 in order to scrutinize clinical differences from other aseptic meningitis cases.

Results: A total of 72 enterovirus (EV-positive) meningitis cases were detected in our multicenter cohort, corresponding to 5. Read More

J Immunol 2019 12 20;203(12):3301-3312. Epub 2019 Nov 20.

Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

Coxsackievirus B is a common cause of viral myocarditis and pancreatitis. IL-17A is intensively involved in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. Whether IL-17A plays a role in Coxsackievirus B-induced pancreatitis, characterized by acinar cell destruction and immune infiltration, remains largely unknown. Read More

Arch Virol 2020 Jan 18;165(1):105-114. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play pivotal roles in spermatogenesis and are widely distributed among somatic tissues. However, little is known about piRNAs in HeLa cells infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). In this study, we systematically investigated changes in piRNA expression in HeLa cells infected with CVB3 using high-throughput sequencing technology. Read More

Circ Heart Fail 2019 11 13;12(11):e005250. Epub 2019 Nov 13.

Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany (S.P., B.D., M.P., J.K., H.F.).

Background: Coxsackie-B-viruses (CVB) are frequent causes of acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, but an effective antiviral therapy is still not available. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that treatment with an engineered sCAR-Fc (soluble coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor fused to the carboxyl-terminus of human IgG) efficiently neutralizes CVB3 and inhibits the development of cardiac dysfunction in mice with acute CVB3-induced myocarditis. In this study, we analyzed the potential of sCAR-Fc for treatment of chronic CVB3-induced myocarditis in an outbred NMRI mouse model. Read More

Vaccine 2020 01 31;38(1):1-9. Epub 2019 Oct 31.

National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Enteroviruses (EV), the major pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina, affect millions of children each year. Most human enteroviruses cause self-limited infections except polioviruses, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), and several echoviruses (Echo) and coxsackieviruses (CV). Especially, EV-A71 has repeatedly caused large-scale outbreaks in the Asia-Pacific region since 1997. Read More

RNA 2020 01 1;26(1):91-100. Epub 2019 Nov 1.

Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.

Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is the major cause of human myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an intracellular sensor to detect pathogen's dsRNA. TLR3, along with TRAF6, triggers an inflammatory response through NF-κB signaling pathway. Read More

J Virol 2020 01 6;94(2). Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA

The gastrointestinal tract presents a formidable barrier for pathogens to initiate infection. Despite this barrier, enteroviruses, including coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), successfully penetrate the intestine to initiate infection and spread systemically prior to shedding in stool. However, the effect of the gastrointestinal barrier on CVB3 population dynamics is relatively unexplored, and the selective pressures acting on CVB3 in the intestine are not well characterized. Read More

Biomed Environ Sci 2019 Sep;32(9):699-703

WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, NHC Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

Vopr Virusol 2019;64(3):132-139

Yekaterinburg Scientific Research Institute of Viral Infections, Yekaterinburg, 620028, Russian Federation.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of the human neonatal receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG (hFcRn) as a common uncoating cellular receptor for echoviruses and coxsackievirus A9 during infection of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells.

Material And Methods: The protective effect of the human serum albumin, purified from globulins, (HSAGF) and antibodies to hFcRn was studied in RD cells infected with several strains and clones of species B enteroviruses possessing different receptor specificity (echoviruses 3, 9, 11, 30 and coxsackieviruses A9, B4, B5).

Results: It was shown that HSA-GF at concentrations of 4% or less protected RD cells from infection with echoviruses 3, 9, 11 and coxsackievirus A9. Read More

J Virol 2020 01 6;94(2). Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

We report that several viruses from the human enterovirus group B cause massive vimentin rearrangements during lytic infection. Comprehensive studies suggested that viral protein synthesis was triggering the vimentin rearrangements. Blocking the host cell vimentin dynamics with β, β'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) did not significantly affect the production of progeny viruses and only moderately lowered the synthesis of structural proteins such as VP1. Read More

J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2019 Dec 30;52(6):851-857. Epub 2019 Sep 30.

Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Enteroviruses generally cause mild and self-limited diseases, but they have been found to affect neonates much differently, and often more severely than older children. Clinical manifestations are difficult to differentiate from those of bacterial sepsis, such as fever, poor feeding, lethargy, respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse. Severe life threatening complications, including hepatic necrosis with coagulopathy, meningoencephalitis and myocarditis, usually present during the first week of life. Read More

Arch Microbiol 2020 Mar 9;202(2):213-223. Epub 2019 Oct 9.

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and rotavirus (RV) are pathogens of some chronic human diseases. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro antiviral activity of some cyanobacteria against RV and CVB3 infections. Five cyanobacteria were collected from Egypt, identified, and analyzed biochemically. Read More

Planta Med 2019 Nov 7;85(16):1225-1232. Epub 2019 Oct 7.

Nutraceutical & Food Chemical-Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy.

, locally known as becham, is a plant used in traditional Arabian medicine for treating headache, constipation, stomach, joint pain, and inflammatory disorders. Several studies have reported its antibacterial properties; however, no study has demonstrated its antiviral activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of as well as to isolate its active compound and investigate its mode of action. Read More

Acta Biomed 2019 09 13;90(9-S):95-97. Epub 2019 Sep 13.

Department of Medicine and Surgery - University of Parma.

Background: Environmental surveillance of poliovirus plays an essential role in GPEI both for the detection of WTP and VDPV circulation in endemic areas and for monitoring their absence in polio-free countries.

Methods: Since 2005 to 2018, in Parma, 642 wastewater samples were collected from the two wastewater treatment plants and analyzed according to the WHO Guidelines. All isolates supposed being poliovirus were sent to ISS reference laboratory for molecular characterization while NPEV only refer to samples up to 2016. Read More

Life Sci 2019 Oct 4;235:116838. Epub 2019 Sep 4.

Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. Electronic address:

Aims: This work aimed to evaluate the regulatory function of IL-10-producing B cells in viral myocarditis (VMC).

Main Methods: We adoptively transferred purified IL-10-producing B cells to VMC mice via the tail vein. We observed the inflammatory responses and cardiac lesions by histological analysis, examined the proportions of spleen Th1 and T17 cells by flow cytometry and expression levels of related transcription factors (T-bet and RORγt) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and calculated the cardiac pathological scores and the mean survival times. Read More

Biomed Environ Sci 2019 Aug;32(8):633-638

School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China.

J Biol Chem 2019 10 27;294(42):15386-15394. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India

During enteroviral infections, the canonical translation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 γ I (eIF4GI) is cleaved by viral protease 2A. The resulting C-terminal fragment is recruited by the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) for efficient translation of the viral RNA. However, the 2A protease is not present in the viral capsid and is synthesized only after the initial round of translation. Read More

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019 12;114:e190160. Epub 2019 Aug 12.

Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

Human enteroviruses (EVs) are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. Here we report the complete genome sequences of one EV-C99 strain and one E29 strain obtained from children suffering from acute gastroenteritis, without symptoms of enteroviral syndromes. This is the first report of EV-C99 in South America, and the second E29 genome described worldwide. Read More

Virol Sin 2019 Dec 6;34(6):618-630. Epub 2019 Aug 6.

Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.

The roles of lncRNAs in the infection of enteroviruses have been barely demonstrated. In this study, we used coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a typical enterovirus, as a model to investigate the expression profiles and functional roles of lncRNAs in enterovirus infection. We profiled lncRNAs and mRNA expression in CVB3-infected HeLa cells by lncRNA-mRNA integrated microarrays. Read More

J Virol 2019 10 30;93(20). Epub 2019 Sep 30.

Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

Enterovirus B species typically cause a rapid cytolytic infection leading to efficient release of progeny viruses. However, they are also capable of persistent infections in tissues, which are suggested to contribute to severe chronic states such as myocardial inflammation and type 1 diabetes. In order to understand the factors contributing to differential infection strategies, we constructed a chimera by combining the capsid proteins from fast-cytolysis-causing echovirus 1 (EV1) with nonstructural proteins from coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), which shows persistent infection in RD cells. Read More

Food Environ Virol 2019 12 26;11(4):440-445. Epub 2019 Jul 26.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.

Hereby, the partial Viral Protein 1 sequences of Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5) from sewage samples, collected in Italy from 2016 to 2017, were compared with those available in GenBank from clinical samples. Phylogenetic analysis highlighted: (I) the predominant circulation of CV-B5 genogroup B in Italy, and (II) the presence of two new sub-genogroups. Read More

Nat Prod Res 2019 Jul 25:1-5. Epub 2019 Jul 25.

d Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.

The anti-enteroviral activity of three stilbenoids isolated from the leaves of was investigated using the cytopathic effect reduction assay. The stilbenes were inactive against echovirus E13 but showed activity against echoviruses E7 and E19. In particular, vedelianin (), schweinfurthin G () and mappain () elicited antiviral activity on E19 with IC values of 0. Read More

Cell Immunol 2019 10 3;344:103949. Epub 2019 Jul 3.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. Electronic address:

PAR4 is expressed by a variety of cells, including platelets, cardiac, lung and immune cells. We investigated the contribution of PAR4 to viral infections of the heart and lung. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3-dependent immune responses were analyzed after co-stimulation of PAR4 in murine bone-marrow derived macrophages, embryonic fibroblasts and embryonic cardiomyocytes. Read More

Prev Vet Med 2019 Aug 25;169:104703. Epub 2019 May 25.

Tuskegee University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1200 W Montgomery Road, 36088, Tuskegee, AL, USA. Electronic address:

Pig production in Kenya is hampered by seasonal markets. As an alternative outlet for the finished pigs, several value-added meat-processing firms have been established. Sausage, which is produced using casings derived from intestines of pigs, is one form of processed meats. Read More

ACS Infect Dis 2019 09 31;5(9):1609-1623. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , Utrecht 3584CL , The Netherlands.

Enteroviruses (family ) comprise a large group of human pathogens against which no licensed antiviral therapy exists. Drug-repurposing screens uncovered the FDA-approved drug fluoxetine as a replication inhibitor of enterovirus B and D species. Fluoxetine likely targets the nonstructural viral protein 2C, but detailed mode-of-action studies are missing because structural information on 2C of fluoxetine-sensitive enteroviruses is lacking. Read More

Nucleic Acids Res 2019 09;47(15):8061-8083

Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.

Zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a powerful restriction factor for viruses with elevated CpG dinucleotide frequencies. We report that ZAP similarly mediates antiviral restriction against echovirus 7 (E7) mutants with elevated frequencies of UpA dinucleotides. Attenuation of both CpG- and UpA-high viruses and replicon mutants was reversed in ZAP k/o cell lines, and restored by plasmid-derived reconstitution of expression in k/o cells. Read More

Pol J Microbiol 2019 ;68(2):165-171

Bezmialem Vakif University, Department of Medical Microbiology , Istanbul , Turkey ; Bezmialem Vakif University, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology (BILSAB) , Istanbul , Turkey.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by various serotypes of genus. Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) were known to be the only responsible agents for these epidemics; however, this opinion was challenged after the detection that coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) was the responsible species for the outbreak in Finland in 2008. HFMD is frequently seen in Turkey, and no detailed study on its clinical and microbiological epidemiology has previously been reported. Read More

Exp Anim 2019 Nov 26;68(4):549-558. Epub 2019 Jun 26.

Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China.

Apoptosis plays a crucial role in regulating cardiomyopathy and injuries of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis (VM). It has been reported that Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) from Astragalus membranaceus could inhibit apoptosis under a variety of pathological conditions in vivo or in vitro. However, the functional roles of AST-IV in CVB3-induced VM still remain unknown. Read More

RNA Biol 2019 09 24;16(9):1286-1299. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

a Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , Karnataka , India.

Coxsackievirus B3 is an enterovirus, with positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome containing 'Internal Ribosome Entry Site' (IRES) in the 5'UTR. Once sufficient viral proteins are synthesized in the cell from the input RNA, viral template switches from translation to replication to synthesize negative-strand RNA. Inhibition of translation is a key step in regulating this switch as the positive-strand RNA template should be free of ribosomes to enable polymerase movement. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2019 ;53(1):121-140

Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany,

Infections with Coxsackievirus B3 and other members of the enterovirus genus are a common reason for myocarditis and sudden cardiac death in modern society. Despite intensive scientific efforts to cure enterovirus infections, there is still no standardized treatment option. The complexity of Coxsackievirus B3´s effects on the host cell make well defined studies on this topic very challenging. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Jun 19;13(1):186. Epub 2019 Jun 19.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kinan Hospital, 46-70, Shinjo, Tanabe City, Wakayama, 646-8588, Japan.

Background: Fulminant type 1 diabetes is characterized by an intrinsic insulin deficiency resulting from the severe destruction of pancreatic β cells and it rapidly leads to ketoacidosis. However, the association between fulminant type 1 diabetes in pregnancy and specific viral infections has not been reported.

Case Presentation: The patient in this study was a 31-year-old Japanese woman, and at 30 weeks of pregnancy she was admitted with marked fatigue. Read More

J Virol 2019 09 13;93(17). Epub 2019 Aug 13.

Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

There is limited information about the molecular triggers leading to the uncoating of enteroviruses under physiological conditions. Using real-time spectroscopy and sucrose gradients with radioactively labeled virus, we show at 37°C, the formation of albumin-triggered, metastable uncoating intermediate of echovirus 1 without receptor engagement. This conversion was blocked by saturating the albumin with fatty acids. Read More

Cell Mol Life Sci 2020 Jan 6;77(1):179-194. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France.

It has been suggested that the persistence of coxsackieviruses-B (CV-B) in pancreatic beta cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, immunological effectors, especially natural killer (NK) cells, are supposed to clear virus-infected cells. Therefore, an evaluation of the response of NK cells to pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 was conducted. Read More

PLoS One 2019 6;14(6):e0217474. Epub 2019 Jun 6.

West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is well recognized as one of the major threats to children's health globally. The increasing complexity of the etiology of HFMD still challenges disease control in China. There is little surveillance of the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the enteroviruses (EVs) that cause HFMD in Neijiang city or the Sichuan Basin area in Southwest China. Read More

J Pathol 2019 10 18;249(2):215-226. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.

The etiology of myositis is unknown. Although attempts to identify viruses in myositis skeletal muscle have failed, several studies have identified the presence of a viral signature in myositis patients. Here we postulate that in individuals with susceptible genetic backgrounds, viral infection alters the epigenome to activate the pathological pathways leading to disease onset. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 May 24;19(1):466. Epub 2019 May 24.

WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 155, Changbai Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.

Background: Coxsackievirus B3 (CV-B3) is usually associated with aseptic meningitis and myocarditis; however, the association between CV-B3 and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has not been clearly demonstrated, and the phylogenetic dynamics and transmission history of CV-B3 have not been well summarized.

Method: Two HFMD outbreaks caused by CV-B3 were described in Hebei Province in 2012 and in Shandong Province in 2016 in China. To analyze the epidemiological features of two CV-B3 outbreaks, a retrospective analysis was conducted. Read More

Viruses 2019 05 21;11(5). Epub 2019 May 21.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Enteroviruses are a major source of human disease, particularly in neonates and young children where infections can range from acute, self-limited febrile illness to meningitis, endocarditis, hepatitis, and acute flaccid myelitis. The enterovirus genus includes poliovirus, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, enterovirus 71, and enterovirus D68. Enteroviruses primarily infect by the fecal-oral route and target the gastrointestinal epithelium early during their life cycles. Read More

Cell 2019 05 16;177(6):1553-1565.e16. Epub 2019 May 16.

CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; CAS Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 102206 Beijing, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Enterovirus B (EV-B), a major proportion of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae, is the causative agent of severe human infectious diseases. Although cellular receptors for coxsackievirus B in EV-B have been identified, receptors mediating virus entry, especially the uncoating process of echovirus and other EV-B remain obscure. Here, we found that human neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is the uncoating receptor for major EV-B. Read More

J Clin Virol 2019 07 6;116:34-38. Epub 2019 May 6.

Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, North 19 West 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan.

Background: Echovirus 30 (E30) is one of the most common causative agents for aseptic meningitis.

Objectives: In the autumn of 2017, there was an outbreak caused by E30 in Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. The aim of this study was to characterize this outbreak. Read More

Appl Environ Microbiol 2019 07 1;85(14). Epub 2019 Jul 1.

Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Virus inactivation mechanisms can be elucidated by methods that measure the loss of specific virus functionality (e.g., host attachment, genome internalization, and genome replication). Read More