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Methods Mol Biol 2022 ;2521:259-282

Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

The members of the picornavirus family include various viruses which, due to their impressive oncolytic activity, have the potential to be used for the treatment of cancer. However, the replication of these oncolytic viruses (OV) is not limited to tumor cells but can also take place in various normal tissues. To increase the safety of these OV, target sites (miR-TS) of microRNAs, which are expressed in normal tissues but are absent or only expressed at low levels in cancer cells, can be inserted into the viral genome. Read More

J Virol 2022 Jun 14:e0033022. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicinegrid.471396.e, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Echoviruses are among the most common worldwide causes of aseptic meningitis, which can cause long-term sequelae and death, particularly in neonates. However, the mechanisms by which these viruses induce meningeal inflammation are poorly understood, owing at least in part to the lack of models that recapitulate this aspect of echovirus pathogenesis. Here, we developed an neonatal mouse model that recapitulates key aspects of echovirus-induced meningitis. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2022 Dec;11(1):1683-1692

IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

From July to October 2020, 99 cases of central nervous system (CNS) infections were identified in Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital, Viet Nam, representing a five-fold increase compared to the baseline incidence during the previous five years. Clinical data were retrospectively collected. Cerebrospinal fluid specimens (CSF) were secondarily tested for pathogens using viral culture and PCR assays. Read More

Water Res 2022 Jul 4;220:118712. Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Inactivation kinetics of enterovirus by disinfection is often studied using a single laboratory strain of a given genotype. Environmental variants of enterovirus are genetically distinct from the corresponding laboratory strain, yet it is poorly understood how these genetic differences affect inactivation. Here we evaluated the inactivation kinetics of nine coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), ten coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4), and two echovirus 11 (E11) variants by free chlorine and ultraviolet irradiation (UV). Read More

J Clin Virol 2022 May 24;153:105192. Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Children's Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Enteroviral meningitis is a common disease in children; however, serotype data are still lacking, especially for late childhood.

Objectives: This study analyzed the number of annual cases, distribution by age group, and characteristics of each serotype among children with enteroviral meningitis.

Study Design: After the initial screening of 1,009 children (<18 years) with viral meningitis between 2008 and 2021, the data of enteroviral meningitis were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Virol J 2022 Jun 3;19(1):98. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and NHC Key Laboratory for Biosafety, NHC Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.

Background: Echovirus 9 (E9) is associated with a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions, and the clinical symptoms of sporadic cases caused by E9 often are severe. With a high global prevalence, E9 has caused multiple outbreaks worldwide. However, little is known about the genetic and geographic population dynamics of E9. Read More

Virol J 2022 Jun 3;19(1):97. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Background: The aim of this study was to characterize the genome of a recombinant Enterovirus associated with severe and fatal nosocomial infection; it was typed as Echovirus 11 (E-11) according to the VP1 gene. Enterovirus infection is generally asymptomatic and self-limited, but occasionally it may progress to a more severe clinical manifestation, as in the case described here. Recombination plays a crucial role in the evolution of Enteroviruses (EVs) and has been recognized as the main driving force behind the emergence of epidemic strains associated with severe infection. Read More

Viruses 2022 04 26;14(5). Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Laboratório de Enterovírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.

Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) is one of the most prevalent enteroviruses types in humans and causes annual epidemics worldwide. In the present study, we explored viral genetic diversity, molecular and epidemiological aspects of CVB5 obtained from cerebrospinal fluid and stool samples of patients with aseptic meningitis or acute flaccid paralysis, information that is still scarce in Brazil. From 2005 to 2018, 57 isolates of CVB5 were identified in the scope of the Brazilian Poliomyelitis Surveillance Program. Read More

Viral Immunol 2022 Jun 23;35(5):381-385. Epub 2022 May 23.

Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is one of the major viruses associated with human viral myocarditis, in members of the order. Cellular localization depends on the activity of nuclear pore complexes, which are composed of nucleoporins (Nups), including Nup62. To better understand interactions between Nup62 and CVB3, we investigated the impact of CVB3 infection on Nup62 levels and the impact of Nup62 production on CVB3 replication in cultured cells. Read More

mBio 2022 May 23:e0044322. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicinegrid.471396.e, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Enteroviruses are among the most common viral infectious agents of humans and cause a broad spectrum of mild-to-severe illness. Enteroviruses are transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route, but the events associated with their intestinal replication are poorly defined. Here, we developed a neonatal mouse model of enterovirus infection by the enteral route using echovirus 5 and used this model to define the differential roles of type I and III interferons (IFNs) in enterovirus replication in the intestinal epithelium and subsequent dissemination to secondary tissues. Read More

Virus Res 2022 Aug 19;317:198816. Epub 2022 May 19.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China. Electronic address:

Group B coxsackievirus is an enterovirus that can cause a variety of diseases, including myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Currently, there is no effective antiviral drug against this virus. In this study, we used a cytopathic effect-based viral inhibition assay to screen an FDA-approved drug library and found that doxepin hydrochloride had potential antiviral activity. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 22;23(9). Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus Group B5 (CVB5) is one of the most common herpetic diseases in human infants and children. The pathogenesis of CVB5 remains unknown. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs), as novel noncoding RNAs, have been shown to play a key role in many pathogenic processes in different species; however, their functions during the process of CVB5 infection remain unclear. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 05 4;12(1):7304. Epub 2022 May 4.

Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

Viral myocarditis (VM) is an important cause of heart failure (HF) in children and adults. However, the molecular determinants involved in cardiac inflammation and cardiomyocyte necrosis remain poorly characterized, and cardioprotective molecules are currently missing. Here, we applied an in vivo method based on the functional selection (FunSel) of cardioprotective factors using AAV vectors for the unbiased identification of novel immunomodulatory molecules in a Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis mouse model. Read More

Viruses 2022 04 15;14(4). Epub 2022 Apr 15.

National Polio Laboratory, WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosecurity, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

Nineteen CVA9 isolates were obtained between 2010 and 2019 from six provinces of mainland China, using the HFMD surveillance network established in China. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the full-length VP1 of 19 CVA9 isolates was 906 bases encoding 302 amino acids. The combination of the thresholds of the phylogenetic tree and nucleotide divergence of different genotypes within the same serotype led to a value of 15-25%, and enabled CVA9 worldwide to be categorized into ten genotypes: A-J. Read More

Viruses 2022 04 7;14(4). Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Institute of Biochemistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

Enteroviruses (EV) are implicated in an extensive range of clinical manifestations, such as pancreatic failure, cardiovascular disease, hepatitis, and meningoencephalitis. We recently reported on the biochemical properties of the highly conserved cysteine residue at position 38 (C38) of enteroviral protein 3A and demonstrated a C38-mediated homodimerization of the Coxsackievirus B3 protein 3A (CVB3-3A) that resulted in its profound stabilization. Here, we show that residue C38 of protein 3A supports the replication of CVB3, a clinically relevant member of the enterovirus genus. Read More

Viruses 2022 03 22;14(4). Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Microbiology Department, Virology/Serology Section, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.

Here, we describe a small enterovirus outbreak including nine cases of aseptic meningitis in a New Zealand hospital in 2017. Most patients had a lymphocytic predominance in the CSF, their length of stay was short, and there were no paediatric cases or ICU admissions. VP1 genotyping revealed that the outbreak was caused by an echovirus E30 strain closely related to strains reported from the US, UK, Brazil, and Denmark. Read More

J Virol 2022 05 20;96(9):e0010522. Epub 2022 Apr 20.

Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysicsgrid.418856.6, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Coxsackie virus B5 (CVB5), a main serotype in human Enterovirus B (EVB), can cause severe viral encephalitis and aseptic meningitis among infants and children. Currently, there is no approved vaccine or antiviral therapy available against CVB5 infection. Here, we determined the atomic structures of CVB5 in three forms: mature full (F) particle (2. Read More

Virol J 2022 04 18;19(1):69. Epub 2022 Apr 18.

WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Road, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.

Background: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has emerged as an active pathogen in myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and pancreatitis, and is a heavy burden on public health. However, CVB3 has not been systematically analyzed with regard to whole-genome diversity and recombination. Therefore, this study was undertaken to systematically examine the genetic characteristics of CVB3 based on its whole genome. Read More

J Virol 2022 05 14;96(9):e0012922. Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical Universitygrid.268079.2, Weifang, People's Republic of China.

Echovirus 30 (E30), a member of species B enterovirus, is associated with outbreaks of aseptic meningitis and has become a global health emergency. However, the pathogenesis of E30 remains poorly understood due to the lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, we established a mouse infection model to explore the pathogenicity of E30. Read More

Viruses 2022 03 4;14(3). Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.

Rigvir is a cell-adapted, oncolytic virotherapy enterovirus, which derives from an echovirus 7 (E7) isolate. While it is claimed that Rigvir causes cytolytic infection in several cancer cell lines, there is little molecular evidence for its oncolytic and oncotropic potential. Previously, we genome-sequenced Rigvir and five echovirus 7 isolates, and those sequences are further analyzed in this paper. Read More

Virol Sin 2022 Jun 11;37(3):469-471. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China. Electronic address:

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022 Jan 31;15(2). Epub 2022 Jan 31.

Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Muroni, 23A, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

The Enterovirus genus includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including Coxsackie viruses and rhinoviruses, as well as the emerging enteroviruses D68 and A71. Currently, effective antiviral agents are not available for the treatment or prevention of enterovirus infections, which remain an important threat to public health. We recently identified a series of quinoxaline derivatives that were provento be potent inhibitors of coxsackievirus B5, the most common and a very important human pathogen belonging to the enterovirus genus. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2022 02 22;18(2):e1010342. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.

Viral infection of the heart is a common but underappreciated cause of heart failure. Viruses can cause direct cardiac damage by lysing infected cardiomyocytes. Inflammatory immune responses that limit viral replication can also indirectly cause damage during infection, making regulatory factors that fine-tune these responses particularly important. Read More

Trends Microbiol 2022 Jun 16;30(6):606-607. Epub 2022 Feb 16.

Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jan 27;23(3). Epub 2022 Jan 27.

Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, Goesan-gun 28024, Korea.

Protein kinase B2 (AKT2) is involved in various cardiomyocyte signaling processes, including those important for survival and metabolism. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is one of the most common pathogens that cause myocarditis in humans. The role of AKT2 in CVB3 infection is not yet well understood. Read More

J Med Virol 2022 06 26;94(6):2598-2606. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, PR China.

Coxsackievirus B2 (CVB2) is an enterovirus B (EV-B) species and can cause aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). We characterized a novel CVB2 (YN31V3) associated with HFMD in Yunnan, Southwest China, in 2019. Although YN31V3 and other Mainland China epidemic strains mainly belonged to genotype C, YN31V3 formed an independent branch. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 02 10;12(1):2293. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, 650118, People's Republic of China.

Echovirus 9 (E9) belongs to the species Enterovirus B. So far, 12 whole genome sequences of E9 are available in GenBank. In this study, we determined the whole genomic sequences of five E9 strains isolated from the stools of patients with hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, in 2019. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 24;11:779919. Epub 2022 Jan 24.

Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.

Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), an enterovirus, is the main pathogen causing viral myocarditis, pericarditis, hepatitis and other inflammation-related diseases. Non-coding RNAs with a closed loop molecular structure, called circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been shown to be involved in multiple virus-related processes, but roles and mechanisms in CVB3 infection have not been systematically studied. In this study, when HeLa cells were infected with CVB3, the expression of hsa_circ_0000367 (circSIAE) was significantly decreased as demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR assays. Read More

Genes Immun 2022 02 3;23(1):42-46. Epub 2022 Feb 3.

Department of Cardiology, XI'AN International Medical Center Hospital, No. 777, Xitai Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are the main cause of virus-induced myocarditis. CVBs use coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for infection and targeting CAR has been shown to ameliorate CVBs-induced myocarditis. Ligand-of-Numb protein X1 (LNX1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that was shown to interact with CAR. Read More

Inflammation 2022 Jun 28;45(3):1186-1198. Epub 2022 Jan 28.

Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.

Acute viral myocarditis (AVMC), most often caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, is characterized by myocardial inflammation associated with high morbidity and mortality. A pathogenic role for T helper (Th) 17 cells in AVMC is well established. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been shown to play a key role in various inflammatory diseases. Read More