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Trends Parasitol 2018 Jun 16. Epub 2018 Jun 16.

Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 9, 3520 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

Social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) can be used to evaluate the benefit to society as a whole of a particular intervention. Describing preliminary steps of an SCBA for two foodborne parasitic diseases, echinococcosis and cryptosporidiosis, indicates where data are needed in order to identify those interventions of greatest benefit. Read More

VideoGIE 2018 May 4;3(5):166-168. Epub 2018 Apr 4.

Section of Digestive Diseases, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Parasitol Res 2018 Jun 18. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by the larval stage of the Cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Due to the predominance or even the exclusive presence of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. Read More

One Health 2018 Jun 28;5:40-45. Epub 2017 Nov 28.

Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle aux champs, 30, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.

The burden of human diseases in populations, or for an individual, is frequently estimated in terms of one of a number of Health Adjusted Life Years (HALYs). The Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a widely accepted HALY metric and is used by the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease studies. Many human diseases are of animal origin and often cause ill health and production losses in domestic animals. Read More

Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018 Jun 18:e1-e3. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Department of General Surgery, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Training and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey.

Hydatid cyst of the pancreas is a rarely seen entity even in endemic countries. Cyst may causes several symptoms due to external compression or fistulisation to pancreaticobiliary tract or small bowel. A 23-year-old female patient was referred with a complaint of abdominal pain. Read More

Langenbecks Arch Surg 2018 Jun 16. Epub 2018 Jun 16.

Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Purpose: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a life-threatening helminthic disease. In humans, AE mostly affects the liver; the regional hepatic lymph nodes may be involved, indicating dissemination of AE from the liver. To achieve complete removal of the disease, enlarged hepatic lymph nodes may be resected during surgical treatment. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2018 Jun 12. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 50410 Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address:

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Within this complex, genotypes G6 and G7 have been frequently associated with human CE worldwide. Previous studies exploring the genetic variability and phylogeography of genotypes G6 and G7 have been based on relatively short mtDNA sequences, and the resolution of these studies has often been low. Read More

Georgian Med News 2018 May(278):20-25

Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine.

The main goal of the research was to study echinococcosis liver cyst laparoscopic treatment's effectiveness. The retrospective analysis of liver echinococcosis cyst surgical treatment in the period from 2003 to 2013 years was conducted. 348 patients underwent surgical treatment, among them 283 patients - laparoscopic procedure, 65 - open surgery. Read More

Iran J Public Health 2018 Apr;47(4):561-566

Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: The aim of this study was to conduct a sero-epidemiological survey in Alborz Province, central Iran to detect the rate of hydatidosis in the city and nearby villages.

Methods: Overall, 680 serum samples were collected from 536 male and 127 female subjects referred to different health centers of Karaj, Alborz Province, central Iran and nearby villages in 2014-15. All patients filled out a questionnaire and an informed consent. Read More

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018 Jun 12. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), CAUSA, Hospital Virgen de la Vega 10° planta, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca.

Background: Management options for cystic echinococcosis (CE) remain a serious problem. The main aim of this study was to examine the selection and complications of treatment applied in patients with CE. The second aim was to evaluate the mortality rate and causative factors. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Jun 12. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Infect Dis Poverty 2018 Jun 13;7(1):61. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, The first Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, Xinjiang, China.

Background: Dogs play a pivotal role in the transmission of cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. We showed previously that dogs vaccinated with two E. granulosus adult-worm specific proteins, EgM9 and EgM123, emulsified with Freund's adjuvants induced significant protective efficacy in terms of reduction in worm burden and egg production after 45 days post-infection. Read More

Endoscopy 2018 Jun 12. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.

Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2018 Jun 8. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Claude-Bernard Lyon 1 university, Lyon, France; Department of digestive radiology, Edouard-Herriot hospital, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Vet Parasitol 2018 May 8;256:32-34. Epub 2018 May 8.

Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address:

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, a dog tapeworm is a species complex causing cystic echinococcosis or hydatid disease in a great variety of mammalian intermediate hosts, including humans. This complex comprises five species including Echinococcus ortleppi (G5 genotype or cattle strain). In the present paper, we report the first case of infection with the larval stage of latter cestode in a captive crested porcupine (Hystrix cristata), molecularly confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the cox1 and nad1 genes. Read More

Infect Dis Poverty 2018 Jun 11;7(1):49. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Comission of China, 207 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become useful tools to extend human abilities and capacities. Currently UAVs are being used for the surveillance of environmental factors related to the transmission of infectious diseases. They have also been used for delivering therapeutic drugs and life-saving supplies to patients or isolated persons in extreme conditions. Read More

Data Brief 2018 Apr 6;17:180-183. Epub 2018 Jan 6.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, N19 W12, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan.

he data set presented in this article is related to a previous research article entitled " The timing of worm exclusion in dogs repeatedly infected with the cestode " (Kouguchi et al., 2016) [1]. This article describes the genes >2-fold up- or down-regulated in the first- and repeated-infection groups compared to the healthy controls group. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Jun 4. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic, complex and neglected infection causing severe disease in humans. Hepatic CE cysts are detected and classified mainly by using ultrasound. Expert opinion and published data suggest that uncomplicated inactive liver cysts do not require treatment and only need to be monitored over time ("Watch and Wait"). Read More

Korean J Intern Med 2018 Jun 7. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Case Rep Pulmonol 2018 13;2018:7831910. Epub 2018 May 13.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.

Hydatid pulmonary embolism rarely occurs. It arises from the rupture of a hydatid heart cyst or the opening of a visceral hydatid cyst into the venous circulation. We report a case with pulmonary hydatidosis resulting in a massive bilateral pulmonary embolism in a 56-year-old woman with history of hepatic echinococcosis. Read More

J Parasitol Res 2018 13;2018:5819545. Epub 2018 May 13.

Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was done to determine knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of the communities and health workers about cystic echinococcosis (CE) in pastoral region of Northeastern (NE) and agropastoral regions of Eastern (E) and Central (C) Uganda. Overall a total of 1310 participants were interviewed. Community respondents from NE region were more aware of CE infection than those from Eastern (OR 4. Read More

Parasitol Res 2018 Jun 2. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR Campania Region, Naples, Italy.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an innovative protocol for the diagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus and other Taeniidae in dogs. For this purpose, three experiments were performed, using faecal samples from naturally infected dogs. Firstly, the FLOTAC technique was calibrated with five flotation solutions: saturated sodium chloride (specific gravity, s. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017 Sep;31(9):1069-1072

Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Orthopedics Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumchi Xinjiang, 830054,

Objective: To discuss the effect of three-dimensional (3D) printing individualized model and guide plate in bone tumor surgery.

Methods: Between October 2015 and December 2016, 3D printing individualized model and guide plate for making preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative treatment were used in 5 patients of bone tumor. All the patients were male, with a median age of 32 years (range, 9-58 years). Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 May 30;11(1):327. Epub 2018 May 30.

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide chronic zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Previously, we found significant accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in E. granulosus infection mouse models and that they play a key role in immunosuppressing T lymphocytes. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 May;97(21):e10671

Background: The aim of the study was to provide an overview of the medical literature on parietal complications of hydatid disease (HD).

Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, and Google databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, using keywords to identify articles related to parietal complications of HD in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The following keywords were used: HD, hydatid cyst, cystic echinococcosis, alveolar echinococcosis, abdominal HD, thoracic HD, parietal complication, cutaneous fistulization, cystocutaneous fistulization, cutaneous involvement, external rupture, external fistulization, subcutaneous involvement, and subcutaneous abscess. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2018 May 21. Epub 2018 May 21.

WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; European Reference Laboratory for Parasites and Unit of Foodborne and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: Cystic echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic infection that is distributed worldwide and prioritised by WHO for control efforts. The burden of human cystic echinococcosis is poorly understood in most endemic regions, including eastern Europe. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in rural areas of Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2018 May 21. Epub 2018 May 21.

Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico. Electronic address:

Parasit Vectors 2018 05 23;11(1):311. Epub 2018 May 23.

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.

Background: The larval stages of the tapeworms Echinocoocus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are the causative agents of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) and human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), respectively. Both CE and AE are chronic diseases characterised by long asymptomatic periods of many years. However, early diagnosis of the disease is important if treatment and management of echinococcosis patients are to be successful. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 May 21. Epub 2018 May 21.

Bernhard Nocht Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a globally endemic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the sensu lato (s.l.) complex. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018 28;2018:3523126. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China.

Echinococcosis is a worldwide anthropozoonosis which is highly endemic over large animal husbandry areas in northwestern China. The current clinical therapeutic medicine against echinococcosis is albendazole, although it caused serious side effects in patients. The component in traditional Chinese herb medicine, alkaloids (SA), is thought to be a potential drug to treat echinococcosis. Read More

Int J Parasitol 2018 May 19. Epub 2018 May 19.

Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia. Electronic address:

Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is the major cause of human cystic echinococcosis worldwide and is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases of humans. Read More

Parasitology 2018 May 21:1-9. Epub 2018 May 21.

Department of Zoology,Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences,University of Tartu,Vanemuise 46,51003 Tartu,Estonia.

Tapeworms of the species complex of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.) are the cause of a severe zoonotic disease - cystic echinococcosis, which is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases in humans and is prioritized by the World Health Organization. Read More

Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018 May 21. Epub 2018 May 21.

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Aydın, Türkiye.

Objective: Echinococcus granulosus, the etiological agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and livestock, is a widely distributed zoonotic pathogen tapeworm. The infection is transmitted to humans by the ingestion of E. granulosus eggs released in the feces of definitive hosts such as dogs. Read More

Rev Pneumol Clin 2018 May 17. Epub 2018 May 17.

Service de chirurgie thoracique, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Européen-Georges-Pompidou, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.

Introduction: Cardiac hydatid disease is uncommon and occurs in 0.5 to 2% of patients with hydatidosis. Isolated intrapericardial hydatid cystic disease is extremely rare. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Apr 14. Epub 2018 Apr 14.

Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy. Electronic address:

Rapid diagnostic tests for cystic echinococcosis (CE) are convenient to support ultrasound diagnosis in uncertain cases, especially in resource-limited settings. We found comparable diagnostic performances of the experimental Hyd Rapid Test and the commercial VIRapid HYDATIDOSIS Test, used in our diagnostic laboratory, using samples from well-characterized hepatic CE cases. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2018 Jun;24(6):1119-1122

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. An ultrasound study in southern Kyrgyzstan during 2012 revealed a prevalence of 4.2% probable or confirmed AE and an additional 2. Read More

Parasite Epidemiol Control 2018 Feb 7;3(1):43-51. Epub 2018 Feb 7.

China-Australia Joint Research and Training Center for Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a highly endemic parasitic zoonosis in Iraq with substantial impacts on livestock productivity and human health. The objectives of this study were to study the abattoir-based occurrence of CE in marketed offal of sheep in Basrah province, Iraq, and to estimate, using a probabilistic modelling approach, the direct economic losses due to hydatid cysts. Based on detailed visual meat inspection, results from an active abattoir survey in this study revealed detection of hydatid cysts in 7. Read More

Vet Parasitol 2018 May 3;255:49-57. Epub 2018 Apr 3.

Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. Electronic address:

Cystic echinococcosis is endemic both in livestock and humans in many parts of Kenya. However, very little data exists on Echinococcus infections in dogs, and therefore their role in maintaining the transmission cycles and environmental contamination with eggs of Echinococcus species is unknown. The study aimed to establish the prevalence and distribution of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato causing infection in dogs in Kenya. Read More

PLoS One 2018 17;13(5):e0197620. Epub 2018 May 17.

Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a parasitic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a worldwide zoonotic infection. Read More

Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2018 Apr;30(2):165-172

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.

Objective: To understand the unhealthy related behaviors of echinococcosis patients in Tibetan region in Sichuan Province, so as to provide the references for the health education of echinococcosis.

Methods: The echinococcosis patients who were registered in the Tibetan region in Sichuan Province were selected as target population. The basic situation and unhealthy related behaviors of them were surveyed by individual interviews. Read More

Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2018 Apr;30(2):161-164

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborative Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Shanghai 200025, China.

Objective: To understand the risk factors of cystic echinococcosis in Tibetan population, so as to provide the reference for development of prevention and control strategies.

Methods: Four cystic echinococcosis highly-prevalent townships were selected from Naqu County of Tibet and Shiqu County of Sichuan Province, which had similar environmental and altitude conditions, from August to September, 2017. Applying the 1∶1 case-control study, a household survey was conducted to investigate the risk factors of echinococcosis in humans. Read More

Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2018 Apr;30(2):155-160

Department of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China.

Objective: To obtain the prokaryotic expression of transketolase genes and analyze its value as a diagnostic antigen for echinococcosis.

Methods: TK gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into prokaryotic vector pMD19-EgTK, and then subcloned into the expression vector pET-28a. The target gene TK prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-28a was constructed and transferred into BL21. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 05 16;11(1):302. Epub 2018 May 16.

School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Background: The eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau is now recognized as an endemic region with the highest reported human infection rates in the world of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Existing epidemiological studies on AE have mainly focused on the synanthropic environment, while basic parasitological and ecological aspects in wildlife host species remain largely unknown, especially for small mammal hosts. Therefore, we examined small mammal host species composition, occurrence, and the prevalence of both E. Read More

Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2018 Apr;6(2):164-160

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), known as hydatid cyst, is a zoonotic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of . Antigen B, the major component of hydatid cyst fluid, is encoded by members of a multigene family. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of the gene encoding antigen B8/1 () among the main intermediate hosts of . Read More

Parasitol Int 2018 May 9;67(5):584-586. Epub 2018 May 9.

Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan. Electronic address:

Recent molecular re-evaluation of Echinococcus granulosus, which causes cystic echinococcosis (CE), has revealed that it is not a single species, but instead consists of 5 cryptic species. Among them, E. granulosus (dog-sheep strain) is predominant (75%) followed by Echinococcus canadensis (22%). Read More

Infection 2018 May 11. Epub 2018 May 11.

WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Instituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy.

Purpose: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Although in Hungary the disease is listed among reportable infections, inadequacies in the reporting practice of CE by clinicians and pathologists have resulted in underscoring of this disease. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CE in Hungary using a datasource other than the official records that are based mainly on serological data. Read More

Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018 May 11;16(1):47. Epub 2018 May 11.

Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666, Shengli Road, Urumqi, 830046, China.

Background: Stray dogs are the reservoirs and carriers of rabies and are definitive hosts of echinococcosis. To control the overpopulation of stray dogs, zona pellucida 3 (ZP3), a primary receptor for sperm, is a potential antigen for developing contraceptive vaccines. To enhance the immune responses and contraceptive effects of canine ZP3 (cZP3), dog gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and a T cell epitope of chicken ovalbumin (OVA) were selected to construct two fusion proteins with cZP3, ovalbumin-GnRH-ZP3 (OGZ) and ovalbumin-ZP3 (OZ), and their contraceptive effects were evaluated in mice. Read More

Iran J Med Sci 2018 Mar;43(2):214-217

Department of General Surgery, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.

Hydatid cyst is a helminth infection. The rupture of a hepatic hydatid cyst in inferior vena cava is a rare and lethal complication. Pulmonary embolism is the commonest manifestation. Read More

Acta Trop 2018 May 7;185:138-143. Epub 2018 May 7.

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, PR China. Electronic address:

Benzimidazoles, including albendazole and mebendazole, are the major drugs for clinical chemotherapy of echinococcosis. They mainly exert parasitostatic effects depending on high dosages for long-term. Previous studies have identified carbazole aminoalcohols as novel anti-CE (cystic echinococcosis) agents. Read More

Vet Clin Pathol 2018 May 9. Epub 2018 May 9.

IDEXX Laboratories, Ludwigsburg, Germany.