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J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

Advanced neuroimaging has increased understanding of the pathogenesis and spread of disease, and offered new therapeutic targets. MRI and positron emission tomography have shown that neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with changes in brain networks. However, the underlying neurophysiological pathways driving pathological processes are poorly defined. Read More

J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism 2018 30;8(5). Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.

Background: Developing methods for accurately diagnosing prion diseases has been a challenge in the search for successful diagnosis and treatment of rapidly progressive dementia. prion diseases are rare. However, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Read More

PLoS One 2019 24;14(1):e0211184. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) contributes to mortality and neurocognitive impairment of sepsis patients. Neurofilament (Nf) light (NfL) and heavy (NfH) chain levels as biomarkers for neuroaxonal injury were not evaluated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) before. We conducted a prospective, pilot observational study including 20 patients with septic shock and five patients without sepsis serving as controls. Read More

Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2018 Dec;23:373-409

State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Melnykova str., 53, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.

Relevance of the present work is determined by the considerable prevalence of both affective and cognitive disor-ders in the victims due to the Chornobyl accident, the pathogenesis of which is insufficiently studied.Objective is to identify the neuropsychiobiological mechanisms of the formation of the remote affective and cog-nitive disorders following exposure to ionizing radiation taking into account the specific gene polymorphisms.Design, object and methods of research. Read More

Brain 2019 Jan;142(1):59-69

Consultant in Neuropathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.

Kufs disease is the major adult form of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, but is rare and difficult to diagnose. Diagnosis was traditionally dependent on the demonstration of characteristic storage material, but distinction from normal age-related accumulation of lipofuscin can be challenging. Mutation of CLN6 has emerged as the most important cause of recessive Kufs disease but, remarkably, is also responsible for variant late infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis. Read More

Neurophysiol Clin 2018 Dec 25;48(6):337-359. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Impaired locomotion is a frequent and major source of disability in patients with neurological conditions. Different neuroimaging methods have been used to understand the brain substrates of locomotion in various neurological diseases (mainly in Parkinson's disease) during actual walking, and while resting (using mental imagery of gait, or brain-behavior correlation analyses). These studies, using structural (i. Read More

Dis Markers 2018 4;2018:5174815. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-EMT), University of Québec, Montreal, Canada.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for nearly 70% of the more than 46 million dementia cases estimated worldwide. Although there is no cure for AD, early diagnosis and an accurate characterization of the disease progression can improve the quality of life of AD patients and their caregivers. Currently, AD diagnosis is carried out using standardized mental status examinations, which are commonly assisted by expensive neuroimaging scans and invasive laboratory tests, thus rendering the diagnosis time consuming and costly. Read More

Biomed Mater Eng 2018 ;29(5):551-566

Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.

Alzheimer is a degenerative disorder that attacks neurons, resulting in loss of memory, thinking, language skills, and behavioral changes. Computer-aided detection methods can uncover crucial information recorded by electroencephalograms. A systematic literature search presents the wavelet transform as a frequently used technique in Alzheimer's detection. Read More

Sheng Li Xue Bao 2018 Oct;70(5):571-578

Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.

APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic (3xTg) mouse is a classical animal model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has abnormalities in recognition and electrophysiological properties at early 6-month-old age. However, few studies were performed by using simultaneously recording cognitive behavior and brain electrical activity in the conscious 3xTg mice. By using a new wireless recording system, we recorded hippocampal Theta oscillations in 3xTg mice during the process of fear conditioning test. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018 Nov 27;58(11):682-687. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Division of CJD Science and Technology, Department of Prion Research, Center for Translational and Advanced Animal Research on Human Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine.

A 57-year-old man developed rapidly progressive dementia and a gait disturbance over 4 months. The patient had a slowly progressive executive dysfunction and speech problems for 4 years and was previously monitored in our outpatient clinic following a diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. Diffusion-weighted MRI revealed high signal intensities in the right caudate nucleus and the bilateral cortices. Read More

Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2018 Nov 27;58(11):673-676. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Department of Neurology, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital.

We report the case of a 43-year-old female patient who presented with symptoms of abnormal behavior, hearing loss, ataxic gait, central hyperventilation which had appeared over the course of one month. Brain MRI showed no abnormal findings in DWI and EEG did not indicate periodic synchronous discharge (PSD). Over the course of the same month, she also presented with central apnea that intermittently showed spontaneous improvement and reappearance. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018 ;118(9):94-97

Volgograd State Medical University of Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Volgograd, Russia.

The familial form of the Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (ffCJD) refers to a group of rare and severe neurodegenerative diseases associated with pathologic prion protein accumulation. The cause of disease is genetically determined. The disease has a continuously progressive course leading to death in 100% of cases. Read More

Dis Markers 2018 3;2018:6581490. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Klinik, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

The clinical distinction of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be difficult. In this narrative review we summarize and discuss the most relevant electroencephalography (EEG) studies which have been applied to demented patients with the aim of distinguishing the various types of cognitive impairment. EEG studies revealed that patients at an early stage of FTD or AD displayed different patterns in the cortical localization of oscillatory activity across different frequency bands and in functional connectivity. Read More

Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2018 Oct 27;164:1-13. Epub 2018 Jun 27.

Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Background And Objective: In this study we investigate whether or not event-related potentials (ERP) and/or event-related (de)synchronization (ERD/ERS) can be used to differentiate between 27 healthy elderly (HE), 21 subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 15 mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.

Methods: Using 32-channel EEG recordings, we measured ERP responses to a three-level (N-back, N = 0,1,2) visual working memory task. We also performed ERD analysis over the same EEG data, dividing the full-band signal into the well-known delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 08 15;15(8). Epub 2018 Aug 15.

Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792 Seoul, Korea.

Interest in research involving health-medical information analysis based on artificial intelligence, especially for deep learning techniques, has recently been increasing. Most of the research in this field has been focused on searching for new knowledge for predicting and diagnosing disease by revealing the relation between disease and various information features of data. These features are extracted by analyzing various clinical pathology data, such as EHR (electronic health records), and academic literature using the techniques of data analysis, natural language processing, etc. Read More

Exp Mol Pathol 2018 08 23;105(1):98-109. Epub 2018 Jun 23.

Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Street No 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; The Military Medical Training Center, 6 Sierpnia Street No 92, 90-646 Lodz, Poland.

Since the first identification of fullerenes (C) and their synthesis in 1985, those compounds have been extensively studied in the biomedical field. In particular, their water-soluble derivatives, fullerenols (C(OH) n = 2-48), have recently been the subject of numerous investigations concerning their antioxidant and prooxidant properties in biological systems. A small fraction of that research has focused on the possible use of C and C(OH) in neuroscience and the therapy of pathologies such as dementia, amyloid-β (Aβ) formation, and Parkinson's disease. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2018 ;1780:221-239

Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

The limitations of using small-brained rodents to model diseases that affect large-brain humans are becoming increasingly obvious as novel therapies emerge. Huntington's disease (HD) is one such disease. In recent years, the desirability of a large-brained, long-lived animal model of HD for preclinical testing has changed into a necessity. Read More

Clin Neuropharmacol 2018 Jul/Aug;41(4):142-144

Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.

Myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE) in patients without epilepsy, or de novo MSE, is a rare condition associated with several acute symptomatic etiologies, including drugs and toxins. We describe a 94-year-old woman with Alzheimer dementia and long use of mirtazapine 30 mg/d and alprazolam 1 mg/d who developed MSE approximately 24 hours after abrupt discontinuation of alprazolam. The patient was taking sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for urinary tract infection, diagnosed 2 weeks before admission. Read More

PLoS Comput Biol 2018 05 24;14(5):e1006136. Epub 2018 May 24.

Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Brain stimulation can modulate the activity of neural circuits impaired by Alzheimer's disease (AD), having promising clinical benefit. However, all individuals with the same condition currently receive identical brain stimulation, with limited theoretical basis for this generic approach. In this study, we introduce a control theory framework for obtaining exogenous signals that revert pathological electroencephalographic activity in AD at a minimal energetic cost, while reflecting patients' biological variability. Read More

eNeuro 2018 Mar-Apr;5(2). Epub 2018 May 17.

Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom.

Network hyperexcitability is a feature of Alzheimer' disease (AD) as well as numerous transgenic mouse models of AD. While hyperexcitability in AD patients and AD animal models share certain features, the mechanistic overlap remains to be established. We aimed to identify features of network hyperexcitability in AD models that can be related to epileptiform activity signatures in AD patients. Read More

Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2018 Jun 7;13(6):935-946. Epub 2018 May 7.

Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, UCL, London, UK.

Purpose: The accurate and automatic localisation of SEEG electrodes is crucial for determining the location of epileptic seizure onset. We propose an algorithm for the automatic segmentation of electrode bolts and contacts that accounts for electrode bending in relation to regional brain anatomy.

Methods: Co-registered post-implantation CT, pre-implantation MRI, and brain parcellation images are used to create regions of interest to automatically segment bolts and contacts. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 May 8;12(1):128. Epub 2018 May 8.

Chelsea and Westminster Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Middlesex University Hospital, Twickenham Rd, Isleworth, TW7 6AF, UK.

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare and rapidly fatal neurodegenerative disease. Since clinicians may see only very few cases during their professional career, it is important to be familiar with the clinical presentation and progression, to perform appropriate investigations, and allow for quick diagnosis.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old British Caucasian woman presented with acute confusion of 2 weeks' duration on a background of low mood following a recent bereavement. Read More

J Neurol 2018 Jul 3;265(7):1573-1579. Epub 2018 May 3.

Department of Neurology, Centre for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.

Background: Recently, therapeutic attempts to control motor choreatic hyperkinesia of Huntington's disease (HD) by means of pallidal deep brain stimulation (Gp-DBS) were successful. With respect to the clinical effects of Gp-DBS in juvenile hypokinetic-rigid HD (jHD; Westphal variant), only one single-case has been reported up to date. Oscillatory patterns of the Gp in jHD are not known. Read More

Clin Neurophysiol 2018 Aug 17;129(8):1720-1747. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) records weak magnetic fields outside the human head and thereby provides millisecond-accurate information about neuronal currents supporting human brain function. MEG and electroencephalography (EEG) are closely related complementary methods and should be interpreted together whenever possible. This manuscript covers the basic physical and physiological principles of MEG and discusses the main aspects of state-of-the-art MEG data analysis. Read More

Case Rep Crit Care 2018 14;2018:5053175. Epub 2018 Feb 14.

University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the most common form of human prion diseases, is a fatal condition with a mortality rate reaching 85% within one year of clinical presentation. CJD is characterized by rapidly progressive neurological deterioration in combination with typical electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and positive cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) analysis for 14-3-3 proteins. Unfortunately, CJD can have atypical clinical and radiological presentation in approximately 10% of cases, thus making the diagnosis often challenging. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2018 07 19;67:75-83. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

We studied neurophysiological indicators of hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease patients with hallucinations (ADhall+), and compared them with nonhallucinating AD (ADhall-) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBhall+) patients. Thirty-six matched ADhall+ and 108 ADhall- and 29 DLBhall+ patients were selected from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. Electroencephalography (EEG) spectral and functional connectivity (FC) analyses (phase lag index) were performed. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Apr;97(15):e0299

Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of JiLin University, Changchun.

Introduction: Progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) is rare epilepsy syndrome. Although EEG is a useful neurophysiological technique in the evaluation of epilepsy, few EEG abnormalities have been described in PME. So, how to use EEG hints to establish the suspected diagnosis of PME as soon as possible should be addressed. Read More

J Biol Chem 2018 06 9;293(22):8462-8472. Epub 2018 Apr 9.

the Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada.

Tau hyperphosphorylation at several sites, including those close to the microtubule domain region (MDr), is considered a key pathological event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies indicate that at the very early stage of this disease, increased phosphorylation in Tau's MDr domain correlates with reduced levels of neuronal excitability. Mechanistically, we show that pyramidal neurons and some parvalbumin-positive interneurons in 1-month-old triple-transgenic AD mice accumulate hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and that this accumulation correlates with changes in theta oscillations in hippocampal neurons. Read More

Presse Med 2018 Mar 24;47(3):261-265. Epub 2018 Mar 24.

CHU de Pellegrin-Tripode, département des neurosciences cliniques, Bordeaux, France. Electronic address:

Epilepsy increases in frequency with age, above 60, with consequences in terms of independence. Stroke and dementia are the most frequent etiologies. Clinical diagnostic of epileptic seizure is challenging at this age, and a clinical algorithm is proposed. Read More

Multivariate Behav Res 2018 May-Jun;53(3):348-359. Epub 2018 Mar 22.

d Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre and Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience , Paracelsus Medical University.

To date, there is a lack of satisfactory inferential techniques for the analysis of multivariate data in factorial designs, when only minimal assumptions on the data can be made. Presently available methods are limited to very particular study designs or assume either multivariate normality or equal covariance matrices across groups, or they do not allow for an assessment of the interaction effects across within-subjects and between-subjects variables. We propose and methodologically validate a parametric bootstrap approach that does not suffer from any of the above limitations, and thus provides a rather general and comprehensive methodological route to inference for multivariate and repeated measures data. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Mar;97(12):e0162

Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Department of Infectious Diseases.

Rationale: Cognitive dysfunction is a common presenting symptom in patients with HIV/AIDS. It is usually directly associated with HIV infection or due to opportunistic infection. Rapidly progressive dementia, however, is rarely observed in acute HIV infection or during immune reconstitution. Read More

PLoS One 2018 20;13(3):e0193607. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

AP-HP, DHU FAST, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Functional Exploration Unit of older patients, Ivry-sur-Seine, France.

This study addresses the problem of Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis with Electroencephalography (EEG). The use of EEG as a tool for AD diagnosis has been widely studied by comparing EEG signals of AD patients only to those of healthy subjects. By contrast, we perform automated EEG diagnosis in a differential diagnosis context using a new database, acquired in clinical conditions, which contains EEG data of 169 patients: subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and patients with other pathologies. Read More

BMJ Open 2018 03 17;8(3):e017079. Epub 2018 Mar 17.

Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Introduction: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in elderly patients, characterised by a fluctuating course of altered consciousness, disordered thinking and inattention. Preliminary research has linked POD with persistent cognitive impairment and decreased quality of life. However, these findings maybe confounded by patient comorbidities, postoperative complications and frailty. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2018 Aug 13;222:229-238. Epub 2018 Mar 13.

Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the common cognitive disorder derived mainly from lacunar stroke (LS). The oxidative stress induced neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction involves in the pathogenesis of VaD. Currently, there is no specific drug for VaD. Read More

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018 Jun 10;72(6):423-434. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.

Aim: Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and psychiatric symptoms often antedate the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. The purpose of this study was to investigate RBD and its relevance to Lewy body disease (LBD) in patients with late-onset psychiatric disorders.

Methods: Study subjects included 19 patients with late-onset psychiatric disorders who exhibited REM sleep without atonia (RWA), which is a hallmark of RBD on polysomnography, at our psychiatric ward. Read More

Nature 2018 03;555(7694):20-22

J Alzheimers Dis 2018 ;62(1):247-268

Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

The present study tested the hypothesis that cortical sources of resting state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms reveal different abnormalities in cortical neural synchronization in groups of patients with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (ADMCI) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBMCI) as compared to cognitively normal elderly (Nold) subjects. Clinical and rsEEG data in 30 ADMCI, 23 DLBMCI, and 30 Nold subjects were available in an international archive. Age, gender, and education were carefully matched in the three groups. Read More

Neurosci Res 2018 Apr 10;129:40-46. Epub 2018 Feb 10.

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, United States; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, United States; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan. Electronic address:

Gamma oscillations that occur within the entorhinal cortex-hippocampal circuitry play important roles in the formation and retrieval of memory in healthy brains. Recent studies report that gamma oscillations are impaired in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and AD animal models. Here we review the latest advancements in studies of entorhinal-hippocampal gamma oscillations in healthy memory and dementia. Read More

Psychogeriatrics 2018 May 8;18(3):202-208. Epub 2018 Feb 8.

Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.

Background: The electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities found in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are conflicting. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography, which has higher spatial resolution than electroencephalography, to explore neurophysiological features of DLB that may aid in the differential diagnosis.

Methods: Six patients with DLB, 11 patients with Alzheimer's disease, and 11 age-matched normal subjects were recruited. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2018 05 30;65:18-40. Epub 2017 Dec 30.

Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences and CESI, University G d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.

Previous evidence showed abnormal posterior sources of resting-state delta (<4 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) rhythms in patients with Alzheimer's disease with dementia (ADD), Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), and Lewy body dementia (DLB), as cortical neural synchronization markers in quiet wakefulness. Here, we tested the hypothesis of additional abnormalities in functional cortical connectivity computed in those sources, in ADD, considered as a "disconnection cortical syndrome", in comparison with PDD and DLB. Resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms had been collected in 42 ADD, 42 PDD, 34 DLB, and 40 normal healthy older (Nold) participants. Read More

N Engl J Med 2018 Jan;378(4):e7

Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT

PLoS One 2018 18;13(1):e0189832. Epub 2018 Jan 18.

Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India.

Background And Purpose: Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) is an emergency in cognitive neurology, defined as cognitive impairment affecting the daily living activities developed over less than 1 year. This study investigated the profile of patients with rapidly progressive dementia at first presentation.

Methods: Retrospective case analysis was done in 187 patients with rapidly progressive dementia who presented to the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India from January 2008 to August 2016. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Dec;96(48):e8699

Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng.

Rationale: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) mainly occurs in the elderly, with the peak age of onset ranging from 55 to 75 years. The symptoms of sCJD are not unique, and laboratory tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)14-3-3 protein have low sensitivity or specificity. Therefore, excluding treatable diseases and establishing a diagnosis could be difficult in young patients with suspected sCJD. Read More

Clin EEG Neurosci 2018 May 29;49(3):171-176. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

1 Department of Psychology, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.

The behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) usually emerges with behavioral changes similar to changes in late-life bipolar disorder (BD) especially in the early stages. According to the literature, a substantial number of bvFTD cases have been misdiagnosed as BD. Since the literature lacks studies comparing differential diagnosis ability of electrophysiological and neuroimaging findings in BD and bvFTD, we aimed to show their classification power using an artificial neural network and genetic algorithm based approach. Read More

Neuroimage 2018 04 19;169:302-311. Epub 2017 Dec 19.

Neuroimaging Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, 00179, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RR, East Sussex, UK. Electronic address:

Memory loss is one of the first symptoms of typical Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which there are no effective therapies available. The precuneus (PC) has been recently emphasized as a key area for the memory impairment observed in early AD, likely due to disconnection mechanisms within large-scale networks such as the default mode network (DMN). Using a multimodal approach we investigated in a two-week, randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded trial the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the PC on cognition, as measured by the Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite in 14 patients with early AD (7 females). Read More

Nat Commun 2017 12 18;8(1):2154. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.

Perception relies on the integration of sensory information and prior expectations. Here we show that selective neurodegeneration of human frontal speech regions results in delayed reconciliation of predictions in temporal cortex. These temporal regions were not atrophic, displayed normal evoked magnetic and electrical power, and preserved neural sensitivity to manipulations of sensory detail. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2018 03 16;63:88-95. Epub 2017 Nov 16.

Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Memory Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.

Synaptic dysfunction is the best anatomical correlate of early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Electroencephalography (EEG) directly reflects brain electrical activity at the level of synapses. The aim of the present study was to investigate correlations of quantitative EEG measures, global field power (GFP) and global field synchronization (GFS), with conventional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration in patients diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 210), mild cognitive impairment (n = 230), and AD (n = 197). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Dec 13;2017. Epub 2017 Dec 13.

Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.

An 82-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department following bizarre behaviour. Police had noticed him driving erratically through his village. He did not stop when instructed, drove slowly home and appeared 'vacant' on questioning. Read More

BMC Neurol 2017 Dec 7;17(1):210. Epub 2017 Dec 7.

Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.

Background: Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are common magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, whereas widespread enlarged PVS are extremely rare. Although most patients with widespread enlarged PVS remain asymptomatic, some develop neurological dysfunctions; however, it remains unclear whether these are the consequence of widespread enlarged PVS.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old female patient developed consciousness disturbance, cognitive dysfunctions, fluent aphasia, agraphia, acalculia, and left-right disorientation after suffering from bronchopneumonia. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017 ;161:D2074

Radboudumc Alzheimer Centrum, afd. Geriatrie, Nijmegen.

The latest criteria for delirium (DSM-5) still encompass a very heterogeneous group of patients, as both risk factors and causes differ greatly between patients. This makes it unlikely that a single biomarker (e.g. Read More