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Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp 2012 Mar-Apr;63(2):132-40. Epub 2011 Feb 23.

Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, España.

The neuroanatomy of voice and speech is complex. An intricate neural network is responsible for ensuring the main functions of the larynx: airway protection, cough and Valsalva production, and providing voice. Coordination of these roles is very susceptible to disruption by neurological disorders. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2010 Feb 25;74(2):154-60. Epub 2009 Nov 25.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Vaud, Switzerland.

Objective: To correlate the postoperative voice outcome to preoperative glottic involvement, following partial cricotracheal resection (PCTR) in children. The glottic involvement was analysed based on the extent of subglottic stenosis (SGS) in the endoscopic image and functional dynamic assessment using flexible endoscopy.

Methods: We conducted an interobserver study in which two ENT surgeons, blinded to one another's interpretation, independently rated the extent of SGS based on the endoscopic image along with the dynamic functional airway assessment, of 108 children who underwent PCTR for grade III or IV stenosis. Read More

J Voice 2009 Jan 3;23(1):128-31. Epub 2008 Mar 3.

Lakeshore Professional Voice Center, Michigan; Dept. of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Michigan 48081, USA.

The objective of this study was to determine if topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx affects vocal fold motion during dynamic voice evaluation with transnasal flexible endoscopy. Transnasal dynamic laryngeal examinations of 10 patients with no voice complaints were evaluated by five blinded fellowship-trained laryngologists. Each patient was examined before and after application of topical anesthetic. Read More

J Voice 2008 Nov 22;22(6):746-50. Epub 2008 Jan 22.

USAF Aerodigestive and Voice Center, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.

This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of fiber optic (FO) and distal chip (DC) flexible imaging platforms in the diagnosis of true vocal fold pathology when compared to the gold standard rigid transoral laryngeal telescopic examination. The recorded strobovideolaryngoscopic examinations of 34 consecutive patients were evaluated retrospectively by five raters. All stroboscopy segments were evaluated by two laryngologists, an otolaryngologist, a laryngology fellow, and an otolaryngology resident. Read More

J Laryngol Otol 1997 Aug;111(8):739-45

Department of Otolaryngology, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Withington Hospital, UK.

Nasendoscopy is an essential tool in assessing the dynamic function and structure of the velopharyngeal sphincter during speech and swallowing. Flexible fibre-optic nasendoscopy has been used by the cleft palate team at Withington Hospital, Manchester since 1989. Seventy-six patients were referred between 1989 and 1994 for evaluation of velopharyngeal function during speech. Read More

HNO 1997 Jun;45(6):460-5

Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin.

In this study we developed another method for the detection of nasopharyngeal closing patterns. This investigation of dynamic closure patterns was based on flexible video-nasopharyngoscopy and was undertaken in both healthy subjects and patients with dysarthria. Quantitative assessments of pharyngeal wall excursions allowed evaluation of closure patterns which were then matched with a predefined, mathematically-based algorithm. Read More