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Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 Jul;68(7):1478-1480

Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

A 10-year-old boy with unilateral cryptorchidism and renal aplasia displayed features of unilateral congenital pupil sparing third cranial nerve palsy with exotropia manifesting novel dysinnervation encompassing synergistic divergence with upshoot, convergence on attempted upgaze, gaze-evoked phasic conjugate torsion, and gaze-evoked nystagmus. Congenital third nucleus/nerve hypoplasia with secondary dysinnervation is classfied as congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD). It is speculated that miswiring between prenuclear structures, otolithic pathways, interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), nucleus prepositus hypoglossi, and third and sixth nerve nuclei likely resulted in this novel dysinnervation. Read More

J AAPOS 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and surgical outcomes of patients with unilateral exotropic Duane retraction syndrome (DRS).

Methods: The medical records of patients with unilateral exotropic DRS who underwent surgery between March 2015 and February 2018 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: A total of 40 patients (mean age, 18. Read More

Complement Ther Med 2020 May 27;50:102384. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Faculty of Health, Building 12, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia.

Background: The current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction include increased fruit and vegetable consumption. The Opuntia spp., Prickly Pear (PP) fruit is rich in dietary fiber and may have lipid-lowering effects but it is often confused with the PP stem/leaf (Cladode (CLD)), or not identified. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2020 Apr;34(2):158-165

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: We sought to provide a new classification system for Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) according to type and angle of strabismus during primary gaze and to analyze the clinical features of each DRS type.

Methods: The medical records of 65 DRS patients who visited the department of pediatric ophthalmology at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients whose angle of exotropia at primary gaze exceeded 3 prism diopters (PDs) were classified as "Exo-Duane," those whose angle of strabismus at primary gaze did not exceed 3 PDs were classified as "Ortho-Duane," and those whose angle of esotropia at primary gaze exceeded 3 PDs were classified as "Eso-Duane. Read More

Semin Ophthalmol 2020 Jan 4;35(1):66-77. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

: To evaluate the surgical outcome of exotropic Duane syndrome and the factors that can influence the outcome.: A retrospective study was performed on patients who had surgery for exotropic Duane syndrome with a minimum follow-up of 3 months. The ocular motility, the angles of deviation, the presence of abnormal head turn or overshoots, the surgical procedures performed, and their outcome were analyzed. Read More

J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2020 Jan-Mar;15(1):95-98. Epub 2020 Feb 2.

Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Purpose: To report unilateral congenital cataract in a case of ipsilateral Duane retraction syndrome.

Case Report: In this case, we present a six year old girl who was referred with ocular deviation. She had a history of congenital cataract surgery in the left eye at the age of two years. Read More

Int J Ophthalmol 2020 18;13(2):278-283. Epub 2020 Feb 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt.

Aim: To study the different treatment modalities needed in cases of Duane's Retraction Syndrome (DRS).

Methods: This prospective study undergone in more than four years, in Alexandria, included 238 patients of DRS, including type I, 162 patients (68%), type II 12 patients (5%) and type III 64 patients (27%). Surgery was indicated in 98 (41%) of them, to eliminate abnormal head posture, deviation of the eye in primary position, severe retraction of the globe or cosmetically unacceptable upshoot with attempted adduction. Read More

Optom Vis Sci 2020 02;97(2):110-120

College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.

Significance: Foveal hypoplasia is described clinically by the absence of a foveal pit and subsequent reduction in visual acuity. Optical coherence tomography angiography provides precise segmentation of the retinal vascular supply demonstrating the vascular perfusion in affected patients. Preservation of perfusion is linked to visual acuity and function. Read More

J AAPOS 2020 Apr 23;24(2):115-118. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address:

Townes-Brocks syndrome (TBS) is a rare genetic syndrome associated with heterozygous mutations in SALL1 and characterized by abnormalities of the anus, ear, and thumb. Ophthalmic findings have been rarely reported and include congenital cataract, microphthalmia, optic nerve atrophy, coloboma, epibulbar dermoid, and dysinnervation patterns, such as Duane syndrome and gustatory lacrimation. We report a case of genetically confirmed TBS showing a spectrum of ocular anomalous innervations, including bilateral type 1 Duane syndrome and Möbius sequence, left-sided Marcus Gunn jaw winking, left eye gustatory lacrimation, and lack of emotional tearing bilaterally. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Apr 30;131:109842. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Pediatric ENT and Facial Plastic Surgery, Children's of Minnesota, University of Minnesota Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Minneapolis, MN, USA. Electronic address:

Objectives: Classically, Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is a triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction, although frequently associated with cleft palate. Current literature reports that Stickler syndrome is the most common syndrome associated with PRS, and 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11 DS) as the second most common. This study identifies associations between PRS and genetic syndromes. Read More

Saudi J Ophthalmol 2019 Oct-Dec;33(4):338-341. Epub 2019 Aug 8.

Ohud Hospital, Al-Medina City, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To assess the clinical characteristics of Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) in Al-Medina region, in patients attending a pediatric ophthalmology clinic at Ohud Hospital.

Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from October 2017 to June 2018 at Ohud Hospital, Al-Medina region, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a sheet containing eighteen simple items which include demographic data, family history, surgical history, the clinical characteristics of the disease and the physician's treatment plan. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2019 Dec 30:1120672119897889. Epub 2019 Dec 30.

Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the long-term motor outcome of superior rectus transposition procedure in patients affected by unilateral esotropic Duane retraction syndrome with residual esotropia and anomalous head position.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records of patients affected by esotropic Duane retraction syndrome who underwent superior rectus transposition procedure as reoperation for residual esotropia and/or residual anomalous head position. Amount of deviation, anomalous head position, duction limitation, globe retraction, presence of upshoot/downshoot, and vertical deviation were analyzed before and after superior rectus transposition procedure. Read More

Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020 Mar 25;523(2):452-457. Epub 2019 Dec 25.

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Laboratory Animal Resource Center (LARC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. Electronic address:

The transcription factor, MafB, plays important role in the differentiation and functional maintenance of various cells and tissues, such as the inner ear, kidney podocyte, parathyroid gland, pancreatic islet, and macrophages. The rare heterozygous substitution (p.Leu239Pro) of the DNA binding domain in MAFB is the cause of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis associated with Duane Retraction Syndrome, which is characterized by impaired horizontal eye movement due to cranial nerve maldevelopment in humans. Read More

Optom Vis Sci 2019 12;96(12):920-924

School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Significance: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate facial asymmetry in patients with unilateral Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). The results showed a high frequency of facial asymmetry parameters of the opposite side of head turn in unilateral DRS patients.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of facial asymmetry in unilateral exotropic and esotropic DRS and to compare the findings with orthotropic subjects. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Sep;30(6):e576-e578

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo.

Oculo-auriculo-fronto-nasal syndrome (OAFNS) is a rare anomaly characterized by features overlapping those of frontonasal dysplasia (FND) and the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). The FND features malformation of frontonasal process-derived structures, characterized by anomalies in the central portion of the face. The OAVS is characterized by developmental anomalies of the first and second pharyngeal arches. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 12 2;23(6):323.e1-323.e5. Epub 2019 Nov 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, and Benha University Hospital, Benha, Egypt. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report the effect of asymmetrical bilateral lateral rectus recession combined with augmented partial vertical rectus transposition (VRT) in the management of exotropia, head turn, limited abduction, and anomalous vertical movements associated with unilateral exotropic Duane retraction syndrome (XT-DRS).

Methods: The medical records of all patients with unilateral XT-DRS associated with limitation of abduction who underwent surgery during a 5-year period from 2013 to 2018 with at least 6 months' follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Outcome measures were changes in head turn, primary position distance and near exodeviation, degree of limited abduction, and anomalous vertical movements on adduction. Read More

Turk Pediatri Ars 2019 25;54(3):196-199. Epub 2019 Sep 25.

Division General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.

Duane's syndrome is a rare retraction anomaly characterized by an innervation defect in the lateral rectus muscle, limitation of abduction and adduction due to the result of abnormal innervation of the horizontal rectus muscles, changes in the eyelid fissures, and abnormal vertical eye movements. The affected eye is displaced up and/or down in adduction. This syndrome, also known as Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome, accounts for approximately 1 to 5% of all strabismus cases. Read More

Am J Hum Genet 2019 10;105(4):854-868

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, H4A 3J1, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Health Center Research Institute, H4A 3J1, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address:

Cadherins constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. The extracellular domain of cadherins consists of extracellular cadherin (EC) domains, separated by calcium binding sites. The EC interacts with other cadherin molecules in cis and in trans to mechanically hold apposing cell surfaces together. Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2019 Aug 6;5(5):305-311. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Stein Eye Institute, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Background/aims: Accessory orbital bands are relatively rare and very few reports detail histopathology. Cases in the literature describe the composition of the bands as muscular and/or fibrous. The composition of the supernumerary band lying deep in the medial rectus muscle in a patient with type I Duane syndrome was investigated. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Nov 29;126:109615. Epub 2019 Jul 29.

Department of Pediatric ENT, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Duane's Retraction Syndrome (DRS), a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder, accounts for 5% of all strabismus. A vascular anomaly in DRS, which became clinically relevant in the context of significant epistaxis, is presented. A 15-year-old girl with DRS underwent a rhinological procedure for traumatic nasal deformity and suffered large volume epistaxis. Read More

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2019 Jul;56(4):248-253

Purpose: To describe the clinical features of Duane's retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children and to analyze the differences between ethnic groups.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 120 patients seen between 1997 and 2017 at a tertiary referral center in Cape Town, South Africa.

Results: Type 2 Duane's retraction syndrome was most common in black children (54%), whereas type 1 was predominant in mixed race (68%) and white (94%) children. Read More

Handb Clin Neurol 2019 ;160:451-464

Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Electronic address:

The auditory brainstem response (ABR), consisting of five to six vertex-positive peaks with separation of about 0.8ms, is very sensitive to factors that affect conduction velocity and hence ABR wave latencies in the brainstem auditory pathways. In addition, disorders causing dissynchronization of neural activity result in an amplitude decrease or disappearance of ABR peaks. Read More

Hum Mol Genet 2019 09;28(18):3113-3125

Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Oculomotor synkinesis is the involuntary movement of the eyes or eyelids with a voluntary attempt at a different movement. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 regulate oculomotor nerve development; mice with loss of either molecule have oculomotor synkinesis. In a consanguineous family with congenital ptosis and elevation of the ptotic eyelid with ipsilateral abduction, we identified a co-segregating homozygous missense variant (c. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan-Mar;26(1):37-39

King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare form of congenital blepharoptosis and one of the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDD). In addition, morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital optic disc anomaly of unknown etiology. The present report is the first to describe an association between MGJWS and MGDA in an otherwise healthy 7-year-old boy. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 06 16;23(3):141.e1-141.e4. Epub 2019 May 16.

Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty and Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Eye Foundation, Coimbatore, India.

Background: The traditional approach for periosteal fixation of the lateral rectus muscle involves securing the muscle using nonabsorbable sutures by exposing the orbital periosteum 5 mm to the inside of the orbital margin. We present a simplified approach that exposes the orbital periosteum through a skin incision, providing more room and avoiding extraconal fat manipulation.

Methods: We used our technique to expose the lateral orbital periosteum and suture the lateral rectus muscle to the periosteum using nonabsorbable sutures in 2 patients with exotropic Duane retraction syndrome and 1 patient with congenital oculomotor nerve palsy. Read More

J Comput Assist Tomogr 2019 May 6. Epub 2019 May 6.

Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.

Aim: This study aimed to assess metrics of diffusion tensor imaging in evaluating microstructural abnormalities of the lateral rectus muscle in Duane retraction syndrome (DRS).

Patient And Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 27 patients with DRS and 16 age- and sex-matched controls who underwent diffusion tensor imaging of orbit and forced duction test (FDT). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the lateral rectus were calculated by 2 observers. Read More

J Comput Assist Tomogr 2019 May/Jun;43(3):467-471

Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.

Aim: This study aimed to assess metrics of diffusion tensor imaging in evaluating microstructural abnormalities of the lateral rectus muscle in Duane retraction syndrome (DRS).

Patient And Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 27 patients with DRS and 16 age- and sex-matched controls who underwent diffusion tensor imaging of orbit and forced duction test (FDT). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the lateral rectus were calculated by 2 observers. Read More

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Apr-Jun;69(2):64-68. Epub 2019 Apr 29.

a Child Sight Institute, Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center , L. V. Prasad Eye Institute , Hyderabad , India.

: The aim of this study is to evaluate binocular vision parameters such as near point of accommodation (NPA), near point of convergence (NPC), fusional vergence ranges in subjects with orthotropic Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) and to compare with normal age-matched controls : A total of 24 subjects (14 Type 1, 2 Type 2, 8 Type 3 DRS) who were diagnosed to have DRS and 15 normals were included in the study. The following binocular vision parameters were assessed in all subjects: amount of the deviation (for near and distance in all gazes), NPC, NPA, positive and negative fusional vergence (PFV and NFV) reserve and stereopsis. : Accommodative amplitude was normal in subject with DRS (median (95% confidence interval (CI):15D (11. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 06 5;23(3):174-176. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:

Supernumerary extraocular muscles can cause restrictive strabismus, unusual ocular movements, and a persistent positive forced duction test. Even among patients with clinically typical strabismus, intraoperative testing and surgical exploration may reveal the presence of supernumerary extraocular muscles. We report the case of a patient with exotropic Duane syndrome found intraoperatively to have an accessory lateral rectus muscle, with histopathologically confirmed striated fibers. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 02 14;23(1):25.e1-25.e4. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Iskenderun State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of botulinum toxin-A (BTX) injection as the primary treatment for patients with esotropic Duane retraction syndrome ≤2 years of age.

Methods: The medical records of patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent unilateral or bilateral BTX injection to the medial rectus muscle at or before 2 years of age were reviewed retrospectively. The following data were extracted from the record: laterality, age at the time of injection, primary position deviation, duction deficit, anomalous head posture, globe retraction before and after injection, further surgeries, and complications. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2019 Jan;55(1):63-67

Clinical College of Ophthalmology of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Eye Hospital and Institute, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin 300020, China.

Synergistic divergence is a rare condition characterized by complete absence of adduction that is associated with simultaneous abduction of the affected eye on attempted adduction. This causes the affected eye to move further into abduction on gaze to the normal side and results in extreme divergence of both eyes. It is sometimes referred to as exotropic Duane syndrome with synergistic divergence (type 4 Duane syndrome) or congenital fibrosis syndrome with synergistic divergence. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 02 8;23(1):21.e1-21.e7. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Iskenderun State Hospital, Hatay, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of superior rectus transposition (SRT) or inferior rectus transposition (IRT) in esotropic Duane syndrome.

Methods: The medical records of patients with esotropic Duane syndrome who underwent ciliary vessel-sparing SRT or IRT by a single surgeon in private practice were included. Pre- and postoperative head posture, primary position deviation, fundus torsion, collapse in pattern, and improvement in ductions were analyzed between groups. Read More

Am J Crit Care 2019 01;28(1):10-18

Sophia Wang is an assistant professor of clinical psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, Duane Allen is an internal medicine resident, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. Anthony Perkins is a biostatistician, Division of Biostatistics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana. Patrick Monahan is a professor, Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, and a research scientist, Indiana University Center of Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana. Sikandar Khan is an assistant professor of medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine. Sue Lasiter is an associate professor, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Nursing and Health Studies, Kansas City, Missouri. Malaz Boustani is a professor of medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and a research scientist, Indiana University Center of Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute. Babar Khan is an associate professor of medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and a research scientist, Indiana University Center of Aging Research, Regenstrief Institute.

Background: Post-intensive care syndrome is defined as the long-term cognitive, physical, and psychological impairments due to critical illness.

Objective: To validate the self-report version of the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor as a clinical tool for detecting post-intensive care syndrome.

Methods: A total of 142 patients who survived a stay in an intensive care unit completed the Healthy Aging Brain Care Monitor Self-report and standardized assessments of cognition, psychological symptoms, and physical functioning. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 02 23;23(1):5-14. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

Duane retraction syndrome, or Duane syndrome (DS), is one of several congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. Patients present with limited horizontal eye movement(s) and globe retraction with eyelid fissure narrowing on attempted adduction due to co-contraction of the lateral and medial rectus muscles in one or both eyes. Various surgical approaches have been proposed to improve binocular alignment, reduce head turn, and minimize undesirable up- or downshoots in DS. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2019 Jan;67(1):16-22

Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Duane retraction (or co-contraction) syndrome is a congenital restrictive strabismus which can occur either as an isolated entity or in conjunction with other congenital anomalies and is now listed as a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder. It is characterized by co-contraction of horizontal recti on attempted adduction causing globe retraction along with variable amounts of upshoots or downshoots. It may have limited abduction or adduction or both and present as esotropic, exotropic, or orthotropic Duane. Read More

Semin Ophthalmol 2019 5;34(1):52-58. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

a Department of Ophthalmology , Inonu University School of Medicine , Malatya , Turkey.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) and evaluate the outcomes of surgical approaches based on the characteristics of each patient.

Methods: The records of 38 Caucasian subjects with DRS were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified as type I, II, or III based on the Huber Classification. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2019 Sep 26;39(9):2057-2067. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

Purpose: Duane retraction syndrome (DS) is a rare congenital strabismus with genetic heterogeneity. The genetic causes of DS are not always of monogenic origin; various chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) have also been reported. The objective of our study was to characterize the CNVs, including gains and losses detected by high-resolution chromosomal microarray in patients with DS. Read More

J AAPOS 2019 02 2;23(1):2-4. Epub 2018 Nov 2.

Stein Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.

Surgery for esotropic Duane syndrome may result in overcorrections. Managing these overcorrections can be challenging. We describe the most common over-correction scenarios and recommendations for their surgical management. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 31;257(2):391-395. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the extent of adhesion and changes in the Y configuration after the Y-split procedure, compared with the posterior fixation suture.

Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. The 10-mm Y-split procedure was performed in the superior rectus muscle (SR) of one eye, and the 10-mm posterior fixation suture was made in the SR of the other eye. Read More

Neurol Sci 2019 Mar 30;40(3):643-644. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.

J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2018 Oct-Dec;68(4):154-155. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

a Jules Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology , University of California , Los Angeles , California.

Background: Recently, the superior rectus transposition has been widely adopted for the treatment of complete abducens palsy and Duane syndrome. This procedure is useful in that there is a decreased risk of anterior segment ischemia compared to complete vertical rectus transposition, possibly decreased incidence of postoperative-induced vertical deviations than complete vertical rectus transposition, and improvement in abduction compared to simple medial rectus recession. One difficulty with this procedure is the lack of adjustability in most patients. Read More

J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2019 Jan 18;44(1):88-95. Epub 2018 Oct 18.

School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.

Thalidomide remains notorious as a result of the damage it caused to children born to mothers who used it to treat morning sickness between 1957 and 1961. The re-emergence of the drug to treat a range of conditions including erythema nodosum leprosum (a complication of leprosy) has led to a new generation of thalidomide damaged children being born in Brazil. Although thalidomide affects most of the developing tissues and organs of the body, the damage to the limbs is striking. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(36):e12124

Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Blepharoptosis (ptosis) is a common but often overlooked sign that may serve as a sign/manifestation of other conditions, ranging from a mild and purely cosmetic presentation to a severe and occasionally progressive disorder. Ptosis may show an acute onset or may manifest as a chronic disorder. Its presentation may vary: unilateral versus bilateral, progressive versus non-progressive, isolated versus complex which occurs in association with other symptoms, and congenital versus acquired (often concomitant with neuromuscular disorders). Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2018 11 8;195:171-175. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Electronic address:

Purpose: To describe a phenomenon, depression in attempted abduction, not previously recognized as a feature of Duane syndrome (DS).

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: Setting: Institutional practice. Read More

Cell Rep 2018 08;24(6):1562-1572

Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan. Electronic address:

Cranial motor nuclei in the brainstem innervate diverse types of head and neck muscles. Failure in establishing these neuromuscular connections causes congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders (CCDDs) characterized by abnormal craniofacial movements. However, mechanisms that link cranial motor nuclei to target muscles are poorly understood at the molecular level. Read More

Elife 2018 08 1;7. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, United States.

In historical attempts to treat morning sickness, use of the drug thalidomide led to the birth of thousands of children with severe birth defects. Despite their teratogenicity, thalidomide and related IMiD drugs are now a mainstay of cancer treatment; however, the molecular basis underlying the pleiotropic biology and characteristic birth defects remains unknown. Here we show that IMiDs disrupt a broad transcriptional network through induced degradation of several CH zinc finger transcription factors, including SALL4, a member of the -like family of developmental transcription factors. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018 Dec 30;256(12):2467-2471. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.

Background: We questioned how to treat for intermittent exotropia in type 1 Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS). To avoid secondary abduction deficit and late overcorrection on the affected eye following ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR) recession, we performed less correction of the lateral rectus (LR) recession to correct exodeviation and anomalous head position (AHP). We report the surgical outcomes of LR recession in patients with unilateral type 1 DRS. Read More

N Engl J Med 2018 Jul;379(4):315-326

From the Division of Trauma and General Surgery, Department of Surgery (J.L.S., J.B.B., L.H.A., B.S.Z., M.D.N., M.R.R., R.M.F., T.R.B., A.B.P., M.S.Z.), and the Departments of Emergency Medicine (F.X.G., C.W.C., D.M.Y.) and Critical Care Medicine (B.J.E.-Y., P.W.A.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and the Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh and Institute for Transfusion Medicine (M.H.Y., D.J.T.), Pittsburgh, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Altoona Hospital, Altoona (A.T.P.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville (B.J.D.), and the Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (R.S.M.) - both in Tennessee; the Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY (B.G.H.); MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (J.A.C.); and the Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas (H.A.P.) and Texas Health Harris Methodist Hospital (W.R.W.) and the John Peter Smith Health Network (T.M.D.), Fort Worth - all in Texas.

Background: After a person has been injured, prehospital administration of plasma in addition to the initiation of standard resuscitation procedures in the prehospital environment may reduce the risk of downstream complications from hemorrhage and shock. Data from large clinical trials are lacking to show either the efficacy or the risks associated with plasma transfusion in the prehospital setting.

Methods: To determine the efficacy and safety of prehospital administration of thawed plasma in injured patients who are at risk for hemorrhagic shock, we conducted a pragmatic, multicenter, cluster-randomized, phase 3 superiority trial that compared the administration of thawed plasma with standard-care resuscitation during air medical transport. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 03 28;44(2):213-214. Epub 2018 May 28.

Department of Dermatology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.