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Cureus 2022 Apr 2;14(4):e23754. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Dermatology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.

Drug-induced hyperpigmentation is an adverse cutaneous effect; it has been associated with several systemic medications. A healthy 40-year-old man developed facial and dorsal hand hyperpigmentation within two weeks of beginning doxycycline monohydrate 100 milligrams twice daily for acne. Skin pigmentation significantly diminished at a follow-up evaluation two months after discontinuing the medication. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2022 Feb 10. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA. Electronic address:

Disorders of hyperpigmentation are common, and depending on the extent and location of involvement, can affect quality of life and pose a significant psychological burden for patients. Given the similarities in presentation of various causes of hyperpigmentation, it is often difficult to elucidate the etiology of these conditions, which is important to guide management. Furthermore, certain disorders such as lichen planus pigmentosus and ashy dermatosis have similar clinical and/or histologic presentations, and their classification as distinct entities has been debated, leading to additional confusion. Read More

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022 4;15:1-4. Epub 2022 Jan 4.

Department of Dermatology & STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

The common causes for melanonychia include melanoma, repetitive trauma, underlying systemic diseases, onychomycosis, pseudomonas infection and drugs. Drug-induced melanonychia usually affects numerous nails and appears as light brown to black pigmentation on the deck or nail bed with longitudinal, transverse or diffuse distribution. In previous cases, a number of chemotherapeutic agents such as azathioprine, bleomycin sulfate, cyclophosphamide, hydroxyurea and methotrexate were usually linked to melanonychia. Read More

Chemosphere 2022 Feb 8;289:133233. Epub 2021 Dec 8.

Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (CABHC), Italian Institute of Technology, Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production (DICMAPI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

The exposure of organisms to the nanoparticulate is potentially hazardous, particularly when it occurs during embryogenesis. The effects of commercial SiONPs in early development were studied, using Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate their possible future employment by means of the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus test (FETAX). The SiONPs did not change the survival but produced several abnormalities in developing embryos, in particular, the dorsal pigmentation, the cartilages of the head and branchial arches were modified; the encephalon, spinal cord and nerves are anomalous and the intestinal brush border show signs of suffering; these embryos are also bradycardic. Read More

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022 01 26;434:115812. Epub 2021 Nov 26.

Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address:

Cardiovascular toxicity represents one of the most common reasons for clinical trial failure. Consequently, early identification of novel cardioprotective strategies could prevent the later-stage drug-induced cardiac side effects. The use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in preclinical studies has greatly increased. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 29;9:698261. Epub 2021 Jul 29.

Shenzhen Baoan Women's and Children's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute immune-mediated inflammatory mucinous skin disorder. The etiology of pediatric EM involves infections, medications, autoimmune diseases, and genetic factors. An 8-year-old girl with (MP) associated community-acquired pneumonia developed erythema target-like symptoms 1 week after azithromycin administration. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2021 06;84(6):1542

Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina. Electronic address:

Clin Exp Dermatol 2021 Aug 10;46(6):1130-1131. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Dermatology, Karabuk Training and Research Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey.

Hautarzt 2020 Dec;71(12):932-943

Carol-Davila-Universität für Medizin und Pharmazie, Bukarest, Rumänien.

Pigmentation disorders are a frequent skin problem and incorporate a broad spectrum of diseases, caused by an abnormal melanin pigmentation or also non-melanin pigmentation of the skin. Both hypermelanosis and hypomelanosis can be hereditary or acquired. This article summarizes the treatment approaches that are used in the majority of acquired pigmentation disorders of the skin. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Jan 12;38(1):58-65. Epub 2020 Nov 12.

Dermatology Department, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey.

Background/objectives: Oncology patients present with various skin manifestations related to primary disease and treatments. Although these skin toxicities are well described in adults, studies of pediatric oncology patients are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cutaneous findings in pediatric oncology patients receiving chemotherapy. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2020 Sep 25;6(9):797-800. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021 May 1;26(3):e284-e291. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro School of Dentistry Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Prédio do CCS, Bloco K, 2° andar, Sala 56 Ilha da Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro/RJ. 21.941-902

Background: Pigmented lesions are uncommon in the oral mucosa, and studies investigating the incidence and types of these lesions are desired to improve the diagnostic knowledge of clinicians. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral pigmented lesions in a Brazilian population.

Material And Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2020 09 19;96:337-348. Epub 2020 Aug 19.

ZeClinics SL, Carretera de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles, s/n, Edificio IGTP Muntanya, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

The early identification of teratogens in humans and animals is mandatory for drug discovery and development. Zebrafish has emerged as an alternative model to traditional preclinical models for predicting teratogenicity and other potential chemical-induced toxicity hazards. To prove its predictivity, we exposed zebrafish embryos from 0 to 96 h post fertilization to a battery of 31 compounds classified as teratogens or non-teratogens in mammals. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020 01 17;18(1):7-14. Epub 2020 Jan 17.

Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Oral (OP) and nail (NP) pigmentations may occur simultaneously in physiological or pathological conditions, and may be a sign of underlying syndromic conditions that necessitate further investigation and treatment. Interestingly, the nail unit and oral cavity show a clinical parallelism that may help the clinician to conduct a correct examination and reach a prompt diagnosis. Both OP and NP can manifest clinically with focal or diffuse involvement and are due to external factors (exogenous pigmentation, drug-induced pigmentation) or endogenous factors (racial pigmentation, post-inflammatory pigmentation, nevi, genetic conditions and other disorders). Read More

Clin Dermatol 2019 Sep - Oct;37(5):487-506. Epub 2019 Jul 23.

Department of Dermatology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.

Brown diseases comprise disorders leading to hyperpigmentation in skin and nails. Melasma is an acquired skin disorder that is characterized by brownish macules that typically occur on the face. Schamberg disease, also known as progressive pigmented purpura, is characterized by brown pigmentation with pepper spots on their edges. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2019 Aug 5;5(8):701-703. Epub 2019 Aug 5.

Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Aug;98(31):e16392

Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute.

Rationale: Vandetanib is effective for treating symptomatic or progressive medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic disease, but its toxicity such as photosensitivity reactions should be considered. It is a rare adverse effect of this drug but might cause severe morbidity and even mortality.

Patient Concerns: A 26-year man with MTC developed phototoxic rashes on the sun-exposed areas of his shin after 15 days from the initiation of vandetanib treatment. Read More

J Am Board Fam Med 2019 Jul-Aug;32(4):628-638

From the Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Valladolid, Spain (RMGG); Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain (SCM).

Background: Hyperpigmentation is a common dermatologic problem that may have substantial impact on the patient, since it affects the appearance and quality of life, and may influence treatment adherence. There are few studies of drug-induced hyperpigmentation.

Methods: We studied drug-induced hyperpigmentation in patients attending an outpatient dermatology clinic in the Western Area of Valladolid (Spain) from August 1, 2017 to April 20, 2018. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2019 Feb;20(1):75-96

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, 3031 W. Grand Blvd., Suite 800, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.

Drug-induced pigmentation accounts for up to 20% of all cases of acquired pigmentation. A thorough review of medical history and previous and ongoing medications as well as a complete skin examination can guide diagnosis. Implicated agents include alkylating/cytotoxic agents, analgesics, antiarrhythmics, anticoagulants, antiepileptics, antimalarials, antimicrobials, antiretrovirals, metals, prostaglandin analogs, and psychotropic agents, among others. Read More

Transplant Proc 2018 Sep 11;50(7):2176-2178. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: Patients subjected to long-term immunosuppressive therapy after organ and cells transplantation are more susceptible than healthy people to the development of the pathologic changes in the oral cavity, including precancerous lesions, oral cancers, lesions following viral infections (herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus), fungal infections mainly caused by Candida albicans, drug-induced gingival overgrowth, stomatitis, and tongue disorders.

Material And Methods: Clinical case material included 38 patients after kidney, liver, or blood-forming cells transplantation subjected to various immunosuppressive therapy schemes. The study comprised standard case taking and physical examination of the patient, including detailed intraoral and extraoral stomatological examinations. Read More

J Periodontol 2018 06;89 Suppl 1:S74-S84

Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i. Read More

J Clin Periodontol 2018 06;45 Suppl 20:S68-S77

Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.

Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018 Nov 15;32(11):1879-1886. Epub 2018 Jul 15.

Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.

Photodermatoses represent a heterogeneous collection of disorders unified by the characteristic of being provoked through exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Generally, these conditions are classified into the following categories: immunologically mediated photodermatoses, chemical- and drug-induced photosensitivity, photoaggravated dermatoses and photosensitivity associated with defective DNA repair mechanisms or chromosomal instabilities. The list of photodermatoses is extensive, and each individual photodermatosis is understood to a different extent. Read More

F1000Res 2018 6;7:284. Epub 2018 Mar 6.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.

Dermoscopy, a non-invasive technique for cutaneous diagnosis is being increasingly studied in various disorders of the skin, nails and scalp. However, it has been under-utilized for the diagnosis and characterization of mucosal disorders. The dermoscopic characterization of cutaneous lichen planus and its variants has been well documented with Wickham's striae constituting the hallmark of the condition. Read More

Ann Afr Med 2018 Jan-Mar;17(1):40-42

Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Sparfloxacin, a synthetic, second generation, broad spectrum aminodifluoroquinolone antibiotic, has excellent penetration into respiratory tissues and has good activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and atypical bacteria. Although it is indicated for the treatment of adult community-acquired pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, its use has been limited by phototoxicity which is more common with it than with other quinolones. We report a case of a 20-year-old Nigerian woman who developed a diffuse blue-black nail pigmentation of thumb and big toe nails, 2 weeks after completing therapy with sparfloxacin, and a recurrence of the pigmentation in the same nails 1 year after taking the drug again. Read More

Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018 03 3;125(3):e54-e66. Epub 2017 Nov 3.

Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe 4 patients with oral mucosa hyperpigmentation associated with 4 drug classes and to review the relevant literature.

Study Design: Two patients under imatinib and hydroxychloroquine treatment exhibited diffuse palatal hyperpigmentation and 2 patients treated with minocycline and golimumab showed multifocal pigmented macules. In all cases, biopsy was performed. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Mar 20;57(3):332-338. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Background: Short-term mucocutaneous adverse effects are well documented with imatinib. However, studies on long-term adverse effects and in the ethnic population are lacking.

Objective: To study the long-term mucocutaneous adverse effects of imatinib and factors predicting these adverse effects. Read More

Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2017 Dec 5;39(1):37. Epub 2017 Dec 5.

Maxillo-Facial and Dental Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Via Commenda 10, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Background: Imatinib mesylate is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase Bcr-Abl and a first-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). Dermatological side effects include superficial oedema, pustular eruption, lichenoid reactions, erythroderma, and skin rash. Depigmentation of the skin and/or mucosa is uncommon, and hyperpigmentation is rare. Read More

Rev Med Brux 2017;38(5):439-441

Service de Gériatrie, Hôpital André Vésale, C.H.U. de Charleroi.

Fixed drug eruption is an erythematous eruption of one or more centimetric rounded or oval lesions well demarcated, recurrent at the same place and leaving a residual purple pigmentation. Diagnosis is clinical. Skin biopsy is not essential except in doubtful cases (eg bullous drug eruption can simulate Lyell Syndrome or mucosal reminiscent of erythema multiforme). Read More