BMC Ophthalmol 2017 May 12;17(1):65. Epub 2017 May 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 301, Level 3, Block B, Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening conditions that initially affect the skin and mucous membranes. The aim of this study was to compare the acute ocular manifestations between SJS and TEN.

Methods: The initial presenting ophthalmic records of patients with either SJS (<30% body surface area involvement) or TEN (> = 30% involvement), who were treated at one tertiary burn center in Hong Kong between 1999 and 2014, were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Read More

Neurology 2017 Jun 5;88(23):2183-2191. Epub 2017 May 5.

Author affiliations are provided at the end of the article.

Objective: To investigate the involvement of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci in aromatic antiepileptic drug-induced cutaneous adverse reactions.

Methods: A case-control study was performed to detect HLA loci involved in aromatic antiepileptic drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a southern Han Chinese population. Between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015, 91 cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by aromatic antiepileptic drugs and 322 matched drug-tolerant controls were enrolled from 8 centers. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2016 Sep-Oct;91(5 suppl 1):35-38

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Linear IgA dermatosis is a rare subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease characterized by linear deposition of IgA along the basement membrane zone. In the last three decades, many different drugs have been associated with the drug-induced form of the disease, especially vancomycin. We report a case of vancomycin-induced linear IgA disease mimicking toxic epidermal necrolysis. Read More

J Nippon Med Sch 2016 ;83(6):216-222

Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare skin condition, most often drug-induced, known for its skin detachment and high mortality. In general, acute TEN is considered a T-cell mediated, type IV hypersensitivity disorder. It mostly results from a cumulative effect of risks from the drug structure, drug metabolism, HLA alleles and T cell clonotypes. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2016 Dec 18;17(12). Epub 2016 Dec 18.

Dermatology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, 2065 Sydney, Australia.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare but life threatening mucocutaneous reaction to drugs or their metabolites. It is characterised by widespread keratinocyte apoptosis and sloughing of the skin, erosions of the mucous membranes, painful blistering, and severe systemic disturbance. The pathophysiology of TEN is incompletely understood. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2016 Nov - Dec;34(6):724-735. Epub 2016 Jul 12.

University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Farmington, CT.

Photodermatoses are a group of skin disorders caused by abnormal reaction to ultraviolet radiation. Photodermatoses are divided into four groups: (1) immunologically mediated photodermatoses; (2) chemical- and drug-induced photodermatoses; (3) photoaggravated dermatoses; and (4) hereditary photodermatoses. This contribution discusses differences in the approach and diagnosis of pediatric and adult patients with suspected photodermatoses, focusing on immunologically mediated photodermatoses and chemical- and drug-induced photodermatoses. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2017 Jan - Feb;35(1):55-63. Epub 2016 Sep 10.

Department of Dermatology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Drug reactions and systemic diseases often involve the skin. In particular, most drug-induced reactions and many infectious diseases present with dermatologic manifestations localized acrally, that is on distal portions of limbs (hand, foot) and head (ears, nose). A detailed review of all acral dermatologic signs of drug reactions and systemic diseases is beyond the scope of this paper, although some of these disorders will be discussed specifically here. Read More

PLoS One 2016 29;11(11):e0167402. Epub 2016 Nov 29.

Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe variant, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are drug-induced acute inflammatory vesiculobullous reactions of the skin and mucous membranes, including the ocular surface. Even after recovery from skin symptoms, some SJS/TEN patients continue to suffer with severe ocular complications (SOCs). Therefore, this study aims to understand the pathophysiology of chronic SOCs. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2016 Nov 29;175(5):994-1002. Epub 2016 Aug 29.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background: Allopurinol is a frequent cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), such as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The reactions can potentially be fatal. As drug rechallenge in patients with a history of drug-induced SCARs is contraindicated, in vitro testing may have a diagnostic role as a confirmation test. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2016 Nov 23;175(5):1106-1108. Epub 2016 Aug 23.

Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.

Int J Mol Sci 2016 Oct 12;17(10). Epub 2016 Oct 12.

Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden.

Responses to drugs and pharmacological treatments differ considerably between individuals. Importantly, only 50%-75% of patients have been shown to react adequately to pharmacological interventions, whereas the others experience either a lack of efficacy or suffer from adverse events. The liver is of central importance in the metabolism of most drugs. Read More

Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2016 Oct;77(10):575-577

ST7 in Clinical Pharmacology and Acute Medicine, University College London, London.

The British Journal of Hospital Medicine is 50 years old. This article takes a look back at articles published during the year of its inception from the British Medical Journal, the Lancet and the Journal of the American Medical Association. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2016 Apr 18;22(4). Epub 2016 Apr 18.

Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra.

Unlabelled: Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease. LABD is considered mostly idiopathic, butsome cases have been reported to be drug-induced, mainly associated with vancomycin (VCM).We present two cases of LABD possibly associated with VCM used for cardiac surgery prophylaxis; in the presented cases, the eruptions occurred only after VCM withdrawal, therefore leaving a question about the relationship between VCM and LABD in these cases. Read More

Hautarzt 2016 Oct;67(10):780-785

Univ. Klinik für Dermatologie, LKH Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036, Graz, Österreich.

The oral allergy syndrome is one of the most common form of food allergy and manifests as contact urticaria of the oral mucosa after consumption of cross reacting foods. Whereas allergic contact stomatitis often occurs due to dental materials, allergic contact cheilitis is usually a reaction due to topical therapeutics like herpes ointments or lip care products. As late type reactions are more frequent than immediate type reactions in the anogenital mucosa, contact dermatitis in this area should be identified via epicutaneous testing. Read More

Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016 26;170(3):163-79. Epub 2016 Aug 26.

Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Delayed drug allergy reactions (DDAR) are potentially fatal. Certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been associated with delayed allergy reactions following the administration of particular drugs. Examples are HLA-B*57:01 (abacavir), HLA-B*15:02/HLA-A*31:01 (carbamazepine), and HLA-B*58:01 (allopurinol). Read More

Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016 25;170(3):158-62. Epub 2016 Aug 25.

Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background/aim: Administration of the anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine and lamotrigine can be associated with severe hypersensitivity reactions. The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is a method to determine which drug has caused the hypersensitivity reaction. This study was done to evaluate the results of LTT in patients with delayed hypersensitivity reactions following the administration of anticonvulsants. Read More

Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2017 Jun 26;36(2):157-162. Epub 2016 Sep 26.

b Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty , Department of Dermatology , Ankara , Turkey.

Background: Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a common, acute, self-limiting inflammatory skin disease. It can easily be recognized with its typical clinical presentation. However, unusual clinic presentations can cause difficulty in diagnosis. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2016 Sep 3;175(3):650-1. Epub 2016 Aug 3.

Dermatology, UPEC University Créteil, Creteil, France.

Pediatrics 2016 Jun;137(6)

Division of Pediatric Dermatology, Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;

Bullous eruptions in patients with underlying systemic lupus erythematosus (LE) can mimic toxic-epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a rapidly progressive mucocutaneous reaction usually associated with medication use. Differentiating between classic drug-induced TEN and TEN-like cutaneous LE is important but difficult. We report a series of 3 patients with pediatric systemic LE who were admitted with severe worsening of skin disease resembling TEN. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Apr 18;2016:10.1136/bcr-2016-215192. Epub 2016 Apr 18.

Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Midnapore Medical College & Hospital, Midnapore, West Bengal, India.

A 52-year-old man presented with high-grade fever, headache and painful vesicular skin rash involving the upper trunk and upper extremities, 8 days after initiation of chemotherapy with azathioprine (50 mg/day), which had been prescribed for acral vitiligo. There was neither any history of preceding respiratory or gastrointestinal tract infection, nor was the patient known to have malignancy, drug hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease, vasculitis or other autoimmune disease. Laboratory results revealed leucocytosis with neutrophilia and markedly elevated acute phase reactants. Read More

Cornea 2016 Jun;35(6):888-91

Departments of *Ophthalmology, †Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; and ‡Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.

Purpose: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DRESS/DIHS) serve as one of the main reasons for inpatient ophthalmic consultation. Although it is well-recognized that SJS/TEN is associated with severe ocular mucosal inflammation and cicatrizing, potentially blinding, sequelae, this association has not been described in relation to other SCARs. We present a patient fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for probable DRESS/DIHS but not for SJS/TEN, yet exhibiting the severe ocular surface involvement characteristic of SJS/TEN. Read More

J Dermatol 2016 Sep 6;43(9):1092-3. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Hanyang, Seoul, Korea.

Cutis 2016 Mar;97(3):E1-2

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hietzing Municipal Hospital, Vienna, Austria.

Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 2015 Dec;118(12):1436-42

Herein, we report a case of drug-induced Stevens Johnson syndrome. (SJS). A 56-year old female visited our hospital complaining of right cheek pain. Read More

Presse Med 2016 Feb 12;45(2):215-26. Epub 2016 Feb 12.

CHRU de Tours, université François-Rabelais de Tours, hôpital Trousseau, Inra, service de dermatologie, 37044 Tours cedex 01, France.

Aphthous ulcers are painful ulcerations located on the mucous membrane, generally in the mouth, less often in the genital area. Three clinical forms of aphthous ulcers have been described: minor aphthous ulcers, herpetiform aphthous ulcers and major aphthous ulcers. Many other conditions presenting with oral bullous or vesiculous lesions orulcerations and erosions can be mistaken for aphthous ulcers. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Feb 1;2016. Epub 2016 Feb 1.

St Georges NHS Trust, London, UK.

Stevens-Johnsons syndrome (SJS) is a rare extra-pulmonary complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with fever, cough, extensive oral mucosal ulceration and a widespread truncal rash. He was diagnosed with M. Read More

Yonsei Med J 2016 Jan;57(1):118-26

Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are very serious forms of drug-induced cutaneous adverse reaction. SJS/TEN induced by certain drug is well known to be associated with some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene type. We aimed to explore HLA allele frequencies and their association with SJS/TEN according to culprit drugs in Korea. Read More

Rev Prat 2015 Sep;65(7):981-5

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) are delayed hypersensivities. Their clinical presentation and severity are very diverse ranging from the frequent and benign exanthemas to the rare but severe CADR involving deep organs in the case of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) or leading to skin bulla and epidermal detachment in toxic epidermal necrolysis. The main differential diagnoses are infections, especially viral ones, which could give clinical symptoms identical to those occurring in CADR. Read More

Hepatology 2016 Mar 12;63(3):700-2. Epub 2016 Jan 12.

Department of Dermatology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.

J Dermatol Sci 2016 Feb 10;81(2):131-4. Epub 2015 Nov 10.

Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3125, Japan.

Pharmacogenomics 2015 Nov 10;16(17):1989-2002. Epub 2015 Nov 10.

Department of Biomedicine & Prevention, Genetics Unit, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe, life-threatening drug reactions involving skin and membranes mucous, which are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and triggered, especially by drug exposure. Different studies have demonstrated that drug response is a multifactorial character and that the interindividual variability in this response depends on both environmental and genetic factors. The last ones have a relevant significance. Read More

Ocul Surf 2016 Jan 5;14(1):2-19. Epub 2015 Nov 5.

Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

The intent of this review is to comprehensively appraise the state of the art with regard to Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), with particular attention to the ocular surface complications and their management. SJS and TEN represent two ends of a spectrum of immune-mediated, dermatobullous disease, characterized in the acute phase by a febrile illness followed by skin and mucous membrane necrosis and detachment. The widespread keratinocyte death seen in SJS/TEN is rapid and irreversible, and even with early and aggressive intervention, morbidity is severe and mortality not uncommon. Read More

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016 Aug 14;34(8):1806-17. Epub 2015 Dec 14.

a Center of Bioinformatics (COBI), Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, School of Life Science and Technology , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) , Chengdu 610054 , China.

Drug-induced adverse reactions are a significant problem in healthcare worldwide and are estimated to cost billions of dollars annually in the United States. A portion of such reactions is observed to strongly associate with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles; one of the strongest associations is the HLA-B*1502 protein with carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) - the odds ratio value can even be higher than one thousand. The particularly strong association in CBZ-induced SJS/TEN suggests that the HLA-B*1502 is not only a genetic marker but also a participant in the pathogenesis of the disease. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2015 Dec;16(6):475-93

Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room M1-737, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening mucocutaneous reactions, predominantly drug induced. The mortality rates for SJS and TEN are as high as 30 %, and short- and long-term morbidities are very common. SJS/TEN is one of the few dermatological diseases that constitute a true medical emergency. Read More

Hepatology 2016 Mar 26;63(3):993-9. Epub 2015 Nov 26.

Department of Gastroenterology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Unlabelled: The liver and skin are the organs most commonly involved in serious adverse drug reactions. Rarely a drug reaction can affect both organs concurrently. The association of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) is even rarer and not well studied. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2016 Mar 20;174(3):681-3. Epub 2015 Nov 20.

Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.

Curr Drug Saf 2016 ;11(1):99-101

Clinical Pharmacology- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Pintor de Baeza, 12-03010-Edificio Gris- 3ª planta-Alicante (Alicante), Spain.

Objective: To report and discuss a serious cutaneous adverse reaction in a child who was treated with acetaminophen (paracetamol).

Case Summary: A five years old male child presented a pruriginous maculopapular rash and a "drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis" was suspected. Applying Spanish Pharmacovigilance System probability algorithm (modified Karch-Lasagna algorithm) for the suspected drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen and azithromycin), the causality of this adverse reaction was possible for acetaminophen and unlikely for the other two drugs. Read More

J Clin Neurosci 2015 Dec 28;22(12):1992-3. Epub 2015 Aug 28.

Department of Neurology, St George Hospital Sydney, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.

We describe a 28-year-old Malaysian Australian man of Han Chinese descent with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), occurring 2 weeks after commencing carbamazepine. He was subsequently found to be positive for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*1502. Carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome/TEN is strongly associated with the HLA-B*1502 allele, which is highly prevalent in Han Chinese, Malay, Thai and Indian populations. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2015 May-Jun;90(3 Suppl 1):51-4

Instituto de Dermatologia Professor Rubem David Azulay, Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease characterized by suprabasal blisters with acantholysis, which has a fatal course in a large number of untreated patients. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is considered first-line therapy. Adjuvant treatment with the goal of sparing corticosteroids include, among others, dapsone. Read More

Dermatology 2015 24;231(3):209-12. Epub 2015 Jul 24.

Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening, typically drug-induced, mucocutaneous disease. Whether paraquat, one of the most widely used herbicides, could induce TEN is not known. We describe 2 paraquat-poisoned patients with TEN. Read More

Am J Ther 2016 Sep-Oct;23(5):e1202-4

1Di.S.Sal. Section of Dermatology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy; and 2Istituto Biomedical, Genoa, Italy.

Drug-induced bullous pemphigoid (DIBP) has been reported to be an autoimmune bullous disease induced or precipitated by several drugs, immunopathologically similar to classic bullous pemphigoid. Several medications may not only cause DIBP, including diuretics, antiarrythmics-antihypertensives, and recently antitumor necrosis factor agents, other drugs as chloroquine, but also rarely by antibiotics as amoxicillin and penicillin. The authors present the third case of DIBP induced by quinolones and the second case of localized DIBP triggered by oral ciprofloxacin. Read More

Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015 Aug;15(4):294-9

aDepartment of Dermatology bDivision of Flow Cytometry, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo cDepartment of Dermatology, Kawasaki Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan.

Purpose Of Review: Severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) are acute life-threatening conditions. There is the urgent need for reliable, noninvasive and standardized laboratory tests for identifying patients at higher risk of developing severe ADRs.

Recent Findings: Although previous studies demonstrated the pathogenic role of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, perforin/granzyme B, Fas L and granulysin in the development of severe ADRs, there have been no biomarkers predicting progression to severe ADRs. Read More

Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016 Jan-Feb;44(1):83-95. Epub 2015 Jun 15.

Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.

Severe delayed drug-induced skin reactions in children are not common but potentially serious. This article describes aspects concerning the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of these processes; it presents three paediatric cases, namely STS (Steven Johnson Syndrome), TEN (toxic epidermal necrolysis), probably related to amoxicillin/clavulanate and ibuprofen and DRESS (a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) secondary to phenytoin; and in relation to them, the diagnosis and the treatment of these processes are discussed and reviewed. The AGEP (acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis) is also reviewed. Read More

Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2015 Jan-Mar;119(1):55-61

Aim: To present the epidemiological, etiopathogenic, clinical and therapeutic aspects in Erythema multiforme (EM).

Material And Methods: This is a 3-year retrospective study based on medical records of patients with EM admitted to the Dermatology Clinic. Forty patients were included in this study. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2015 Jun;150(3):327-9

Unit of Dermatology, NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sant'Andrea" Hospital "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy -

Pseudoporphyria refers to a rare bullous dermatosis characterized by the clinical and histological features of porfiria cutanea tarda without abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism. The pathogenesis is heterogeneous and several exogenous factors may promote the bullous lesion formation, including medications, end stage renal disease, dialysis and tanning beds. Regarding treatment of this condition, in literature different therapy have been reported, such as glutathione and his precursor N-acetylcysteine, which presents anti-oxidant properties; however even more toxic drugs, such as chloroquine, are used. Read More

J Med Toxicol 2015 Jun;11(2):265-73

Medical Informatics Team, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bldg 64, Rm 2012, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA,

Drug features that are associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) have not been fully characterized. A molecular target analysis of the drugs associated with SJS in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) may contribute to mechanistic insights into SJS pathophysiology. The publicly available version of FAERS was analyzed to identify disproportionality among the molecular targets, metabolizing enzymes, and transporters for drugs associated with SJS. Read More

Pharmacogenomics 2015 ;16(4):401-12

Different individuals may respond diversely to the same drug, in terms of efficacy and toxicity. Adverse drug reactions cause about 6% of all hospital admissions and account for up to 9% of hospitalization costs. Drug-induced skin injury (DISI) is the most common presentation of adverse drug reactions, ranging from maculopapular eruptions to severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions (SCARs) with mortality of up to 40%. Read More

J Dermatol 2015 Apr 7;42(4):439-40. Epub 2015 Mar 7.

Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.

Kekkaku 2014 Nov;89(11):807-12

A 48-year-old woman, who had been suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus for one year and receiving steroid therapy, was admitted to our hospital because of pulmonary tuberculosis. The tuberculosis was treated with INH, RFP, EB, and PZA after having doubled the dose of steroid, but terminated three weeks later due to the appearance of erythema exsudativum multiforme. Treatment was resumed with PZA, SM, and LVFX after resolution of the eruption. Read More

Hong Kong Med J 2014 Dec;20 Suppl 7:16-8

Division of Planning & Strategy, Hospital Authority Head Office, Hong Kong.