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Intern Med 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Neurology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan.

Various methods of rehabilitation for dysphagia have been suggested through the experience of treating stroke patients. Although most of these patients recover their swallowing function in a short period, dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinson-related disorder (PRD) degenerates with disease progression. Muscle rigidity and bradykinesia are recognized as causes of swallowing dysfunction, and it is difficult to easily apply the strategies for stroke to the rehabilitation of dysphagia in PD patients. Read More

J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department for Otorhinolaryngology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 120, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.

Hypersalivation describes a relatively excessive salivary flow, which wets the patient himself and his surroundings. It may result because of insufficient oro-motor function, dysphagia, decreased central control and coordination. This update presents recent changes and innovation in the treatment of hypersalivation. Read More

Neurology 2019 Mar 27. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

From the Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau (W.H.J.), Wolfach, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.F.), Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Otorhinolaryngology (O.M.), University Hospital Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Neurological Outpatient Clinic for Parkinson's Disease and Deep Brain Stimulation (C.O.), Gera, Germany; Department of Neurological-Psychiatric Nursing (J.S.), Medical University of Gdansk; Neurology Department (J.S.), St. Adalbert Hospital, Gdansk; Department of Extrapyramidal Diseases (A. Bogucki), Medical University of Łódź; Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit (S.O.), Medical University of Silesia, Katowice; Department of Neurology (M.B.), Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Neurology (F.P.), Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC; Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH (B.F.-B., J.C.), Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Complete Medical Communications (C.J.C.), Glasgow, UK; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery (A. Blitzer), Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York; Department of Neurology (A. Blitzer), Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York; and NY Center for Voice and Swallowing Disorders (A. Blitzer), New York, NY.

Objective: This pivotal phase III study, SIAXI, investigated the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of chronic sialorrhea due to Parkinson disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism, stroke, or traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Adult patients with PD (70.7%), atypical parkinsonism (8. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019 Mar 1. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, Trousseau Hospital, Tours 37000, France; University of François Rabelais, school of medicine, Tours 37000, France; Department of Pediatric Maxillofacial Surgery, Clocheville Hospital, Tours, 37000 France.

Introduction: Facial palsy can cause dysfunction in the oral phase of swallowing. Lengthening temporalis myoplasty is a widely used technique for correction of facial asymmetry in facial palsy. The aim of this study was to determine whether lengthening temporalis myoplasty could reduce the dysfunction in the oral phase of swallowing in patients with facial palsy. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019 Mar 2. Epub 2019 Mar 2.

Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.

Sialorrhea is a common problem in children with disability, often negatively affecting socialization, self-esteem, and burden of care. Saliva control surgery is an available option to manage this problem, particularly when other conservative methods have failed. As little is known about the long-term impact of surgery, we followed up 62 patients who had combined bilateral submandibular duct translocation and bilateral sublingual gland excision at our pediatric hospital between 1994 and 2014. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Drooling is a common symptom of neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to explore the frequency of drooling and its relationship to clinical features in a relatively large cohort of Chinese patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 143 patients with MSA. Read More

Dev Med Child Neurol 2019 Mar 10. Epub 2019 Mar 10.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Aim: This study evaluated whether the effect of submandibular gland botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injection can predict the outcome of submandibular duct relocation with sublingual gland excision (SMDR) in children with drooling. Furthermore, we compared the effectiveness of both procedures.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was performed in 42 children and adolescents (25 males, 17 females; mean [SD] age at BoNT-A injection 11y [4], range 4-20y; mean [SD] age at SMDR 15y [4], range 7-23y) with cerebral palsy or another non-progressive developmental disability who had undergone both BoNT-A injection and SMDR for drooling. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Mar 6;8(3). Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Oral Medicine in the Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain.

The main objective was to assess the efficacy of botulinum toxin-based treatment for sialorrhea in adult patients with Parkinson's disease. The search was performed by using the Medline-PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases from January 2000⁻December 2017, in English/Spanish in patients with Parkinson's disease and sialorrhea. The methodological quality of trials was carried out by following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) criteria and the Newcastle⁻Ottawa Scale (NOS). Read More

Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2019 Mar;126(3):127-132

Possible treatment options for Parkinson's disease consist of medications for motor symptoms as well as non-motor symptoms, such as cognitive decline, depression, hallucinations and delusions, constipation, and drooling. A number of these medications are in the experimental stage. In addition, physical activity and exercise can favourably influence the motor as well as the non-motor symptoms. Read More

Mol Pharm 2019 Apr 8;16(4):1782-1786. Epub 2019 Mar 8.

Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3 , 17489 Greifswald , Germany.

The process of disintegration is a crucial step in oral drug delivery with immediate release dosage forms. In this work, the salivary tracer technique was applied as a simple and inexpensive method for the investigation of the in vivo disintegration time of hard gelatin capsules filled with caffeine. The disintegration times observed with the salivary tracer technique were verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Read More

Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019 Mar 1;24(2):204-210. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, Rua Constantino de Sousa, 454, apto 141, zip code: 04605-001, São Paulo - SP, Brazil,

Background: Neuromuscular impairment makes individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) more prone to drooling. Among the treatment options, there are procedures that interfere with saliva production. It is imperative to evaluate the effect of the different modalities since the reduction in salivary flow rate/production may exacerbate the risk of dental caries. Read More

MedEdPORTAL 2018 Mar 29;14:10699. Epub 2018 Mar 29.

Dean, University of Texas Medical Branch School of Nursing.

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer progressive neurodegeneration and experience motor and nonmotor symptoms. Oropharyngeal dysfunctions are increasingly recognized as nonmotor PD symptoms that negatively impact a patient's quality of life. This module was primarily created to update dental health professionals and educate dental students on the oral health needs of patients with PD, with an emphasis on interprofessional collaboration and evidence-based dentistry. Read More

Clin Genet 2019 May 15;95(5):575-581. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Individuals with methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) duplication syndrome (MDS) have varying degrees of severity in their mobility, hand use, developmental skills, and susceptibility to infections. In the present study, we examine the relationship between duplication size, gene content, and overall phenotype in MDS using a clinical severity scale. Other genes typically duplicated within Xq28 (eg, GDI1, RAB39B, FLNA) are associated with distinct clinical features independent of MECP2. Read More

Isr Med Assoc J 2019 Feb;21(2):116-119

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Background: Drooling is the unintentional loss of saliva from the mouth, usually caused by poor coordination of the swallowing mechanism. It is commonly seen in patients with chronic neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy, and stroke, as well as in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections into the parotid and submandibular salivary glands for the treatment of drooling. Read More

CNS Drugs 2019 Mar;33(3):225-238

Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Level 2 Mental Health, Woolloongabba Community Health Centre, 228 Logan Rd, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Background: Clozapine is the most effective medication for treatment-refractory schizophrenia. However, it has a high burden of adverse events, including common adverse events such as sialorrhea. Sialorrhea can lead to severe physical complications such as aspiration pneumonia, as well as psychological complications including embarrassment and low self-esteem. Read More

Neurology 2019 Mar 6;92(11):e1195-e1204. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (S.B., C.P.D., S.E.K., A.R.T.S., F.J.A.v.d.H.), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen; and Departments of Rehabilitation (K.v.H.) and Paediatric Neurology (C.E.E.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Objective: To compare the effect of submandibular duct ligation (2-DL) and submandibular botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) for drooling in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Methods: A randomized, interventional, controlled, and partly single-blinded study was performed in which submandibular BoNT-A was compared with 2-DL to treat excessive drooling. Main outcomes included a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), drooling quotient (DQ), drooling severity (DS) scale and drooling frequency (DF) scale. Read More

Drug Ther Bull 2019 Mar 31;57(3):37. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Laryngoscope 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Motilidade Digestiva e Imagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Objectives/hypothesis: Sialorrhea is excessive saliva production and its usual escape of from the oral cavity. The use of botulinum toxin has been preconized, but its effectiveness until now has been unreliably measured. Our objective was to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin injection in the reduction of saliva production by the parotid gland. Read More

J Intellect Disabil Res 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

Background: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of neurological bandages (Kinesio Taping) for managing saliva flow in patients with drooling and intellectual disability.

Methods: Quasi-experimental study included 30 patients (20 male and 10 female participants) mean age of 15 years with intellectual disability and drooling [Public Special Education Centre in Cartagena (Murcia, Spain)]. Treatment consisted of the application of a strip of neuromuscular bandage applied in the suprahyoid area for a 3-month period. Read More

Clin Genet 2019 Apr;95(4):496-506

Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

Whole-exome sequencing has established IQSEC2 as a neurodevelopmental disability gene. The IQSEC2 variant phenotype includes developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, hypotonia, autism, developmental regression, microcephaly and stereotypies but is yet to be fully described. Presented here are 14 new patients with IQSEC2 variants. Read More

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019 Mar 22;72(3):484-490. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, M20 4BX, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Background: Lower lip reconstruction remains a challenging task due to multi-functional and high aesthetic requirements that have to be achieved for successful outcome. This is particularly true to near-total lower lip defects, encompassing over 70% of lower lip loss due to cancer, trauma or burns. Despite the fact that numerous flaps and their modifications have been described over the past century, only a few valuable techniques and concepts withstood the test of time for sub-total lower lip defects, each having their own drawbacks. Read More

Mov Disord 2019 Feb 17;34(2):180-198. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation, Princeton, NJ, USA.

Objective: To update evidence-based medicine recommendations for treating nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Background: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Committee's recommendations for treatments of PD were first published in 2002, updated in 2011, and now updated again through December 31, 2016.

Methods: Level I studies testing pharmacological, surgical, or nonpharmacological interventions for the treatment of nonmotor symptoms in PD were reviewed. Read More

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2018 16;96(6):353-363. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Before the advent of levodopa, pallidotomy was initially the most effective treatment for Parkinson disease, but it was soon superseded by thalamotomy. It is widely unknown that, similar to Leksell, 2 neurologists from Göttingen, Orthner and Roeder, perpetuated pallidotomy against the mainstream of their time. Postmortem studies demonstrated that true posterior and ventral pallidoansotomy sparing the overwhelming mass of the pallidum was accomplished. Read More

Spec Care Dentist 2019 Mar 16;39(2):220-224. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

Objective: Identify, diagnose, and document oral clinical and radiographic evidence associated with the genetic condition known as special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2)-associated syndrome. Through identifying and publishing these common dental and behavioral findings, we hope to educate oral and medical healthcare providers to identify this condition in an attempt to develop meaningful comprehensive care to this patient population.

Methods: A total of 37 patients (19 female), ranging from ages 2 to 20 were evaluated at Arkansas Children's Hospital in Little Rock, Arkansas. Read More

Minerva Med 2018 Dec;109(6 Suppl 1):11-19

Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura Privata del Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), respiratory muscle weakness leads to respiratory failure and death. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) appears to reduce lung function decline, thus improving survival and quality-of-life of patients affected by the disease. Unfortunately, clinical features and timing to start NIPPV are not well defined. Read More

Neurol Ther 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Introduction: Subjects with Rett syndrome (RS) develop invariably severe motor deterioration resulting in swallowing difficulties that may produce excessive drooling. Hypersalivation can cause discomfort due to hygienic problems and may complicate with oral and respiratory dysfunctions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the response to treatment with botulinum toxin (BTX) for hypersalivation and to identify possible benefits of saliva reduction on oral motor and respiratory disorders of patients with RS. Read More

Dev Neurorehabil 2019 01 3;22(1):1-2. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

a Gophysio Zutphen Netherlands.

Acta Neurol Belg 2019 Jan 2. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Ankara Diskapi Training and Research Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, University of Health Sciences, Altindag, Ankara, Turkey.

Dysphagia is one of the common findings in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Electrical stimulation (ES) has been demonstrated to positively contribute to swallowing functions, particularly in adult patients with various neurological disorders. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of sensory-level ES treatment combined with conventional dysphagia rehabilitation in pediatric age group CP patients who had any oropharyngeal dysphagia symptoms and/or findings. Read More

Laryngoscope 2018 Dec 28. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.

Objectives/hypothesis: Current static reanimation of the midface fails to provide adequate functional and aesthetic improvement; there is a need for more effective static correction of the ptotic midface. Our objective herein was to describe a novel method of static midface suspension that produces improved functional and aesthetic outcomes compared to previous techniques. Specifically, our goal was to describe the technique of alar and oral commissure repositioning via modiolar rotational cheiloplasty with alar base transposition, and gingivobuccal sulcoplasty. Read More

Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Division of Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Keck/University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Botulinum toxin has emerged as an important therapeutic intervention within the realm of movement disorders, especially for focal and generalized dystonias. Botulinum toxin has additionally been used for a variety of symptoms associated with parkinsonism. In this review, we will specifically evaluate use of botulinum toxin in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Read More

Sleep Breath 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of probable sleep bruxism (SB) in the primary and mixed dentitions using non-instrumental approach and evaluate whether sleep quality is associate with probable SB in different age ranges.

Methods: School-based cross-sectional study with children aged 2-5 (primary dentition, n = 372) and 8-10 years old (mixed dentition, n = 563) enrolled in public schools at Florianopolis and their parents. The sleep characteristics, socioeconomic status, and presence of probable SB were assessed using questionnaires. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019 Jan 24;116:97-101. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Voice Resonance and Swallowing Center UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Health & Rehabilitation, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States. Electronic address:

Objective: Sialorrhea complicated by aspiration is a primary source of morbidity and mortality in neurologically impaired children. Anticholinergics are an effective treatment option, but have traditionally been considered only adjuncts due to tachyphylaxis and drug tolerance. Similarly, Botox-A salivary gland injections are also considered adjunctive due to the need to repeat treatment every 3 months. Read More

Front Mol Neurosci 2018 22;11:425. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Lithium is a widely used and effective treatment for individuals with psycho-neurological disorders, and it exhibits protective and regenerative properties in multiple brain injury animal models, but the clinical experience in young children is limited due to potential toxicity. As an interim analysis, this paper reports the safety/tolerability profiles of low-dose lithium treatment in children with intellectual disability (ID) and its possible beneficial effects. In a randomized, single-center clinical trial, 124 children with ID were given either oral lithium carbonate 6 mg/kg twice per day or the same dose of calcium carbonate as a placebo ( = 62/group) for 3 months. Read More

Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2018 Oct-Dec;21(4):256-262

Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and debilitating symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD); the pathogenesis and natural course of which has not been fully understood.

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate patients with FOG in PD and ascertain factors contributing to an early onset of FOG in patients with PD.

Methodology: A chart review of 100 patients with PD (FOG [+] 50, FOG [-]: 50) was performed. Read More

J Voice 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Ent Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.

Introduction: Kinesio Taping (KT) application in speech therapy has been studied in a few works about dysphonia, facial nerve palsy, sialorrhea, atypical deglutition, postsurgical recovery after thyroidectomy and laryngectomy. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the possible role of KT in supporting speech therapy in singers complaining of dysphonia using singing voice handicap index (SVHI), fundamental frequency (F0), shimmer, jitter and harmonic to noise ratio (mean H/N).

Materials And Methods: We enrolled consecutive singers and singing students complaining of dysphonia and voice problems. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2018 11;125(11):593-601

Evidence-based reviews of drugs causing medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction, such as xerostomia (sensation of oral dryness) and subjective sialorrhea are lacking. To compile a list of medicaments that influence salivary gland function, electronic databases were searched for relevant articles published up to June 2013. A total of 269 papers out of 3,867 records located satisfied the inclusion criteria (relevance, quality of methodology, strength of evidence). Read More

Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2018 Dec;97(12):873-878

From the Children's Specialized Hospital, Clifton, New Jersey (HAS); Touro College, Executive Office, New York, New York (EA); Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College, New York, New York (AH); New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York (XW, PT, RA, HK); and Blythedale Children's Hospital, New York, New York (XW, PT, RA, HK).

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of onabotulinum toxin A injection to the salivary glands under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of sialorrhea in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I.

Design: Prospective case series with four patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I who received onabotulinum toxin A injection to parotid and submandibular glands for sialorrhea as part of clinical care. All four patients received validated surveys for measuring drooling, including objective measures of number of bib changes, and number of mouth wipes before injection and 4-6 wks after injection. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2019 Jan;30(1):e36-e39

Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, Affiliated Hospital to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.

Background: It is hardly to reconstruct a huge defect of lower lip by using of partial flap which brings no mouth closing functional problem. In this study, we would like to introduce our experience in large full-thickness vermilion and lower lip/chin defects reconstruction, and also focus on the evaluation of the surgery effects.

Methods: The large lower lip and chin (include vermilion) reconstruction were performed in Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2012-2015). Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2019 Feb 29;128(2):104-112. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

1 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objectives:: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bilateral submandibular duct relocation and bilateral sublingual gland excision in combination with botulinum toxin A injection into the parotid glands in children with sialorrhea. Previously in the literature, either surgery or botulinum toxin injection but not their combination has been reported.

Methods:: Preoperative and at least 6-month postoperative assessments using the Drooling Severity Scale and Drooling Frequency Scale (Thomas-Stonell and Greenberg classification) and the Teacher Drooling Scale and by interviewing parents and caregivers face to face or via telephone were performed. Read More

J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018 Nov 24;28(9):615-619. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

10 Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Objectives: Clozapine is the drug of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. While pediatric clozapine use is not contraindicated, the literature describing its clinical application is limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess the use of clozapine in a child and adolescent population by characterizing the documented safety and clinical benefits of the medication. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 Dec 17;55(6):841-844. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.

Background: In the winter months, one often sees a large increase in the volume of patients presenting to emergency departments with acute pharyngitis. While most cases of acute pharyngitis are benign, a rare minority can be life threatening.

Case Report: We report a case of epiglottis with a concomitant peritonsillar abscess (PTA) in an adult who presented to the emergency department with a sore throat. Read More

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2018 Oct-Dec;36(4):381-385

Department of ENT, Al Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India.

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disability the exact cause of which is not known. Exposure to toxic elements, environmental pollutants, and various teratogens such as lead, either prenatal or postnatal, can be a risk factor for this neurologic disability. CP children have poor neuromuscular coordination, exposing them to increased risk of oral diseases such as drooling of saliva, periodontal diseases, dental caries, and malocclusion. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2018 Oct;14(621):1758-1762

Unité de phoniatrie, Service d'ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

80 % of patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis present bulbar involvement and 50 % have salivary symptoms, which are often poorly managed. They present either with drooling or thick secretions. This elevates the risk of bronchoaspiration leading to pneumonia, second cause of death in this population. Read More

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2018 Dec 8;127(12):978-985. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

7 Division of Speech and Language Pathology, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Functional Area Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objectives:: Dysphagia and impaired saliva control are common in children and adolescents with congenital and developmental disabilities. The aim of the present review was to investigate the evidence base for oral sensory-motor interventions in children and adolescents with dysphagia or impaired saliva control secondary to congenital or early-acquired disabilities and to make recommendations regarding methods for intervention.

Methods:: A review of the literature from 2000 to 2016, including oral sensory-motor intervention studies for children and adolescents (3-18 years of age) with dysphagia or impaired saliva control secondary to congenital or early-acquired disabilities, was performed. Read More

Arch Craniofac Surg 2018 Sep 20;19(3):222-226. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, Korea.

A 70-year-old male with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary stent insertion visited our hospital 7 days after biting his lower lip. Swelling and inflammation had worsened despite debridement and antibiotic treatment. On the 8th hospital day, fungal infection with Candida albicans and superimposed bacterial infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae were found on tissue culture. Read More

Dev Med Child Neurol 2019 01 1;61(1):39-48. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

School of Allied Health and Centre for Disability and Development Research at the Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Aim: To review the evidence for behavioural interventions to reduce drooling in children with neurodisability.

Method: A detailed search in eight databases sought studies that: (1) included participants aged 0 to 18 years with neurodisability and drooling; (2) provided behavioural interventions targeting drooling or a drooling-related behaviour; and (3) used experimental designs. Two reviewers extracted data from full-text papers independently. Read More

World J Surg Oncol 2018 Sep 28;16(1):194. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, No. 117, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110002, People's Republic of China.

Background: For reconstructive surgeons, massive midface defects, including large, full-thickness wounds on the upper lip, can be very challenging. Although there are many methods for reconstruction of upper lip defects, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory restoration of oral functions and good cosmetic results.

Case Presentation: This case report presents a man with massive midface defects, including upper lip, left nose, and cheek defects. Read More

Cir Pediatr 2018 Aug 3;31(3):153-157. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción. Chile.

Introduction: Gastric volvulus is a rare cause of acute abdomen in childhood, and it is usually a casual finding. We present the case of a girl with mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus, which was initially treated by endoscopic approach.

Clinical Case: 8 year-old patient, diagnosed of Down syndrome, who presented sudden and diffuse colic pain, associated with vomiting, sialorrhea and progressive compromise. Read More

BMC Oral Health 2018 09 21;18(1):159. Epub 2018 Sep 21.

Department of Public Health, St. Paul Hospital's Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The assumption of a link between common symptoms such as febrile illness, diarrhea and the eruption of primary teeth has been established over many centuries. According to traditional beliefs in Ethiopia, diarrhea and fever at the time of milk teeth eruption may be due to a worm in the child's gums. Current medical observations show little more than restlessness, drooling, and finger sucking resulting from teething. Read More