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Asian J Psychiatr 2021 May 4;61:102663. Epub 2021 May 4.

Dept of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India.

Objectives: There is a dearth of knowledge regarding the usage of first-generation long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in children and adolescents, despite their off-label use, in low and middle-income countries (LAMIC).

Methods: Case records of subjects less than 18 years of age who received any first-generation LAI antipsychotics in the last 10 years(between 2010-19) were reviewed. Details documented for the study from the records included ICD-10 diagnoses, clinical profile, indication for use, medication details, severity of illness, improvement, and global functioning. Read More

Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2021 Mar 4;67(1):120-121. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.

Am J Med Genet A 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Child Neurology, Turku University, Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland.

We have followed the clinical course of a 45-year-old man with a severe form of alpha-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome for 40 years. The most challenging health issue is the combination of rumination, drooling, and vomiting. The patient achieved present adaptive and motor skills in his teenage years. Read More

Laryngorhinootologie 2021 05 29;100(5):402-412. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

A functional hypersalivation reduces patient's quality of life by the need of repeated changes of cloths, skin damage around the mouth and reduced personal contacts. The indication to treat hypersalivation is justified furthermore when respiratory infections by saliva aspiration occur. Transnasal swallowing endoscopy allows to evaluate sufficiently dysphagia with limited risks. Read More

Am J Otolaryngol 2021 Apr 22;42(6):103074. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 640, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, One Baylor Plaza Suite NA-102, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:

Objective: Sialorrhea and tracheal secretions can be present in patients with a tracheostomy. The current study seeks to survey the severity of sialorrhea and tracheal secretions in infants and toddlers with a tracheostomy, and to correlate this severity with quality of life.

Methods: Prospective cross-sectional survey pilot study: 26 patients (ages 0. Read More

Dev Med Child Neurol 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Dev Med Child Neurol 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) injections, submandibular gland excision (SMGE), and bilateral submandibular duct ligation (2DL) for the control of posterior drooling in children with neurological impairment.

Method: In a retrospective cohort, children with neurological impairment (e.g. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(14):e25393

Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, PR China.

Background: The aim of this study is to provide the methods used to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for treating drooling in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods And Analysis: A comprehensive search of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, 4 Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literatures database, Wan-Fang Database and Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals will be conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of acupuncture for treating children with cerebral palsy salivation with no restriction on time or language. The primary outcome of this systematic review will be the effective rate. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2021 03 19;13(3). Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Neurology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-7015, USA.

Parkinson's disease is the most common age-related motoric neurodegenerative disease. In addition to the cardinal motor symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, there are numerous non-motor symptoms as well. Among the non-motor symptoms, autonomic nervous system dysfunction is common. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 27;13(2):e13588. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Behavioural Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, OMN.

In this report, we present the case of a 20-year-old woman with schizophrenia, who had been treated with a once-monthly dosage of long-acting paliperidone palmitate due to poor adherence to oral antipsychotics. She presented to the emergency department of the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman, with tachycardia, difficulty in breathing, difficulty in swallowing, choking, excessive production of saliva, drooling, urinary incontinence, blurry vision, a shuffling gait, slowness of movement, stooped posture, muscle rigidity, tremor, and hyperprolactinemia. The paliperidone palmitate injections were discontinued and the patient underwent a treatment course with procyclidine, and she subsequently achieved full recovery within seven days. Read More

Dev Med Child Neurol 2021 Mar 27. Epub 2021 Mar 27.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of repeated onabotulinum neurotoxin A injections for the treatment of drooling in children with neurodisabilities.

Method: This was a retrospective cohort study, in which the first, second, and third onabotulinum neurotoxin A injection were compared within children treated between 2000 and 2020. Primary outcomes included drooling quotient, visual analogue scale (VAS), and treatment success defined as ≥50% reduction in drooling quotient and/or VAS 8 weeks after treatment. Read More

Angle Orthod 2021 Mar 22. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Objectives: To compare patients' experiences with the Invisalign Teen with Mandibular Advancement® (ITMA) and Twin Block (TB) appliances, both initially and after several months of wear.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-eight patients completed an anonymous survey after at least 2 months of wearing ITMA or TB. Forty-five patients treated with ITMA (18 boys, 27 girls, mean age 13. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Department of Pathology Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL.

Background: Facial paralysis can drastically diminish satisfaction in one's social interactions and overall quality of life. Bell palsy is the most common cause of facial palsy, however, a diagnosis of "atypical" BP may originate from an entirely different pathological process. This case highlights a rare case of facial nerve paraganglioma, initially misdiagnosed as BP, that resulted in facial paralysis from neoplastic invasion of the facial nerve. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Mar 19;22:e929553. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, MA, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Parotitis is an inflammation of the parotid gland, which can be caused by factors including infection, radiation, and hyposalivation secondary to systemic conditions, such as Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, or medication. Bacterial parotitis is a rare complication that can be observed in patients with hyposalivation. However, it is also observed in elderly and immunocompromised patients. Read More

Neurol Ther 2021 Mar 18. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Postgraduation Department, Program on Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil.

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present a variety of oral disease that can be worsened by xerostomia and sialorrhea. The patients' physical limitations, for example rigidity and tremor, add to the difficulty of oral care by the general dental surgeon. The objective of the present review was to organize a list of evidence-based recommendations for the oral care of patients with PD. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021 Mar 18. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Otolaryngology, Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust, Lewisham High Street, London, SE13 6LH, UK.

Introduction: The use of botulinum toxin in the specialty of aesthetic surgery in the head and neck is well known. However, it has also been used for other conditions affecting the head and neck, and in recent years its use, as well as the number of relevant applications, has expanded enormously.

Review: This article presents a summary of the current range of uses in the laryngeal, pharyngeal, cervical, oromandibular and facial muscles and salivary glands. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2021 04 11;117:107885. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Hospital de Pediatría Prof. Dr. Juan P Garrahan Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

Objective: Here we present cases of focal epilepsy with affective symptoms analyzing seizure characteristics, EEG pattern, treatment, and outcome.

Methods: A multicenter, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted evaluating 18 patients with self-limited epilepsy who presented with seizures with affective symptoms seen between April 2000 and April 2018 at eight Argentinian centers.

Results: Eighteen patients had focal seizures with affective symptoms; all of them had affective symptoms characterized by sudden fright or terror and screaming. Read More

J Dairy Sci 2021 Apr 6;104(4):4390-4403. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Genetic selection for improved climatic resilience is paramount to increase the long-term sustainability of high-producing dairy cattle, especially in face of climate change. Various physiological indicators, such as rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate score (RR), and drooling score (DS), can be used to genetically identify animals with more effective coping mechanisms in response to heat stress events. In this study, we investigated genetic parameters for RT, RR (score from 1-3), and DS (score from 1-3). Read More

Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021 Feb 26. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai, China.

A 33 years' old male complained of excessive salivation with frequent swallowing and spitting, which resulted in communication disturbance, reduced quality of life, and social embarrassment for 19 years. He had been diagnosed as sialorrhea and submandibular gland hyperfunction by stomatologist, then had unilateral submandibular gland resection 13 years ago, but the symptom relief was not satisfactory. After that, he had been treated with glycopyrrolate for less than a year, which was withdrawn because of the short duration of symptomatic control after each tablet take-in and intolerable side effects. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021 Apr 1;143:110657. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada. Electronic address:

Background: Bib count is a frequently used measure amongst pediatric otolaryngologists to quantify drooling status. The plethora of bibs used, including important differences in material, size, and shape, makes one question the validity of bib count as an accurate surrogate measure of drooling frequency or severity. To date, no study has addressed this question in the literature. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jan 26;13(1):e12919. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Midland, USA.

This case series highlights the importance of loxapine in psychiatric disorders when clozapine is unable to control agitation and psychotic symptoms due to medication noncompliance, intolerable side effects, or inadequate clinical outcomes. Loxapine is classified as a first-generation typical antipsychotic but displays atypical antipsychotic-like characteristics with structural similarity to clozapine. However, since the inception of second-generation antipsychotic medications, the role of loxapine in modern psychiatric practice has become limited. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 Feb 24. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Oral Medicine Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition that most commonly affects postmenopausal women older than 50 years of age. Xerostomia is a common complaint among BMS patients. However, previous studies showed inconsistent findings regarding saliva flow rate reduction. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2021 04 23;117:107842. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, Point G, Bamako, Mali; Neurology Department of the Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital, Mali.

Background: In Mali, the burden of epilepsy is underestimated due to socio-cultural barriers that keep most people with epilepsy out of the local health facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of trained community health workers (CHWs) in identifying epilepsy cases (active case detection) as compared to the passive cases detection (PCD) during outpatient visits at the community health centers in the health districts (HDs) of Kolokani, Kayes, Kéniéba, Sikasso, Kadiolo, and Tominian.

Methods: A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2019. Read More

Ann Plast Surg 2021 Feb 19. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

From the Department of Colorectal Surgery Nursing Department Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.

Background: Oral commissure and buccal complex defects are commonly seen after cancer ablation. Free flap reconstruction can offer adequate soft tissue volume and outer skin lining. However, oral incompetence often occurs when an oral commissure has defects, particularly when the patient receives postoperative radiotherapy. Read More

J Clin Invest 2021 Feb;131(4)

The extrinsic and autonomic nervous system intricately controls the major functions of the gastrointestinal tract through the enteric nervous system; these include motor, secretory, sensory, storage, and excretory functions. Disorders of the nervous system affecting gastrointestinal tract function manifest primarily as abnormalities in motor (rather than secretory) functions. Common gastrointestinal symptoms in neurologic disorders include sialorrhea, dysphagia, gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence. Read More

J Emerg Med 2021 Feb 11. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, Ohio; Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.

Background: There are more than 100,000 cases of esophageal foreign body in the United States each year. Most cases resolve spontaneously; however, complete esophageal obstruction is a medical emergency. Patients with developmental disabilities are at high risk, because a large percentage of this population is effected by dysphagia, pica, tooth loss, or impulsive swallowing. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Jan;100(4):e24477

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Abstract: According to the analysis to find out how demographic and clinical characteristics influent the dysphagia outcome after stroke, furthermore, giving some insights to clinical treatment.One hundred eighty post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) patients were enrolled in this retrospective study at the stroke rehabilitation department. The outcome measurements are beside water swallow test at discharge and length of stay at hospital. Read More

Toxicon 2021 Apr 29;194:11-16. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), FAMEZ, UFMS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Spontaneous and experimental Stryphnodendron fissuratum poisoning in cattle have been documented in the scientific literature. However, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of such poisoning are not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the clinical, biochemical, gross and microscopic findings of spontaneous Stryphnodendron fissuratum poisoning in cattle as well the experimental poisoning by this plant in sheep. Read More

Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021 Feb 1. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Unité de Soins de Rééducation Post-Réanimation, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, APHP. Université Paris-Saclay, Garches, France.

Sialorrhea is a troublesome and disabling symptom defined by the unintentional loss of saliva from the mouth, usually associated with swallowing disorders. Today there is no consensus about the management of sialorrhoea, but off-label use of ophthalmic atropine eyedrop administered sublingually may offer benefits, despite limited safety data. We report 2 cases of atropine overdose after sublingual administration illustrating that atropine can expose to severe adverse effects when administered sublingually. Read More