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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2019 Feb 14;236(2):134-141. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Präventive Augenheilkunde und Imaging, Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen.

MR Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) enables visualisation of the visual system in glaucoma; it has been shown that the atrophy of the optic radiation is more pronounced in glaucoma than in age-matched controls. The atrophy of the optic radiation thereby correlates with OCT and visual field measures. Diffusion tensor imaging permits quantification of the axonal integrity of the optic radiation by calculation of fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD). Read More

IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to achieve submillimeter-level diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the macaque brain by using diffusion weighted (DW) readout-segmented echo planar imaging (rsEPI) with an optimized protocol at 7T MRI.

Methods: Three anesthetized macaques were included in this study. Under different scan settings, we compared signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and geometric distortion of DW images, implemented an optimized protocol for submillimeter-level DTI acquisition, and evaluated its performance. Read More

J Neurol 2019 Feb 14. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Department of Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

Background: Diagnosis and disease monitoring of non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN) are based on electrophysiological and clinical measures. However, these methods are insensitive to detect subtle differences of axonal injury. We here assessed the utility of a multiparametric MRI protocol to quantify axonal injury and neurogenic muscle damage in NSVN. Read More

Front Psychiatry 2019 29;10:16. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

A number of neuroimaging studies have investigated structural, metabolic, and functional connectivity changes in betel quid (BQ) chewers. We present a systematic review of neuroimaging studies with emphasis on key brain systems affected by BQ chewing to bring a better understanding on the neuro mechanisms involved in BQD. All BQ neuroimaging studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar for English articles published until March 2018 using the key words: Betel-quid, resting state, functional MRI, structural MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and betel quid dependence basing on the PRISMA criteria. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2019 29;13:12. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.

Despite the critical impact of parental dialog on children who remain physically and psychologically dependent, most studies have focused on brain alterations in people exposed to moderate-to-high levels of emotional maltreatment with/without psychopathology. We measured metabolites in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) acquired with single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and anatomical connectivity assessed with probabilistic tractography in 46 healthy young adults who experienced no-to-low level parental verbal abuse (paVA) during their childhood and adolescence. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model showed that individual variance of perceived paVA was associated with chemical properties and structural connectivity of pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC; prediction = 0. Read More

Acta Oncol 2019 Feb 12:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

e Department of Endocrinology , Skåne University hospital , Lund , Sweden.

Background: Cranial radiotherapy (CRT) is a known risk factor for neurocognitive impairment in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) are MRI techniques that quantify microstructural changes in brain white matter (WM) and DKI is regarded as the more sensitive of them. Our aim was to more thoroughly understand the nature of cognitive deficits after cranial radiotherapy (CRT) in adulthood after childhood ALL. Read More

Indian J Psychiatry 2019 Jan;61(Suppl 1):S9-S29

Department of Psychiatry, OCD Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric illness and significant research has been ongoing to understand its neurobiological basis. Neuroimaging studies right from the 1980s have revealed significant differences between OCD patients and healthy controls. Initial imaging findings showing hyperactivity in the prefrontal cortex (mainly orbitofrontal cortex), anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nucleus led to the postulation of the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) model for the neurobiology of OCD. Read More

Transl Psychiatry 2019 Feb 11;9(1):82. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has provided remarkable insight into our understanding of white matter microstructure and brain connectivity across a broad spectrum of psychiatric disease. While DTI and other diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have clarified the axonal contribution to the disconnectivity seen in numerous psychiatric diseases, absent from these studies are quantitative indices of neurite density and orientation that are especially important features in regions of high synaptic density that would capture the synaptic contribution to the psychiatric disease state. Here we report the application of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), an emerging microstructure imaging technique, to a novel Disc1 svΔ2 rat model of psychiatric illness and demonstrate the complementary and more specific indices of tissue microstructure found in NODDI than those reported by DTI. Read More

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2018 Dec 27. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. Electronic address:

Background: Psychosis onset typically occurs in adolescence, and subclinical psychotic experiences peak in adolescence. Adolescence is also a time of critical neural and cognitive maturation. Using cross-sectional data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined whether regional white matter (WM) development is disrupted in youths with psychosis spectrum (PS) features and whether WM maturation mediates the relationship between age and cognition in typically developing (TD) youths and youths with PS features. Read More

J Formos Med Assoc 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Preventive Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Background: Chronic kidney disease exhibits a prominent premature aging phenotype in many different organ systems, including the brain. Nevertheless, a comprehensive characterization of brain aging in non-demented patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is lacking and it remains unclear if the collective changes of cognitive functions and brain structures in ESRD is compatible with aging.

Methods: We compared 56 non-demented, independently living dialysis patients (mean age 59. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2019 Jan 31;22:101704. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute- IDIBELL, 08097, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Dept. of Cognition, Development and Education Psychology, University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, 08097, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

In the present study, we aimed to test the association between the correct function of the left ventral white matter pathways and semantic processing (dual stream models for language processing, Hickok & Poeppel, 2004), using a new set of language tasks during intraoperative electrical stimulation at white matter level. Additionally, we evaluated brain regions needed for correct performance on the different semantic tasks using lesion-symptom analyses (voxel lesion-symptom mapping and track-wise lesion analysis) in a sample of 62 candidates for the awake brain surgery. We found that electrical stimulation in the vicinity of the inferior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi disturbed performance on semantic processing tasks. Read More

PLoS One 2019 11;14(2):e0211699. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Korea.

Depression is one of the most common and important neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease and often becomes worse as Parkinson's disease progresses. However, the underlying mechanisms of depression in Parkinson's disease are not clear. The aim of our study was to find genetic features related to depression in Parkinson's disease using an imaging genetics approach and to construct an analytical model for predicting the degree of depression in Parkinson's disease. Read More

Mol Autism 2019 4;10. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

6Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.

Background: Sensory processing difficulties are common across neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, reliable measures are needed to understand the biological underpinnings of these differences. This study aimed to define a scoring methodology specific to auditory (AOR) and tactile (TOR) over-responsivity. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2019 Jan 30;22:101699. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Irreversible white matter (WM) damage, including severe demyelination and axonal loss, is a main determinant of long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Non-invasive detection of changes in microstructural WM integrity in the disease is challenging since commonly used imaging metrics lack the necessary sensitivity, especially in the early phase of the disease. This study aims at assessing microstructural WM abnormalities in early-stage MS by using ultra-high gradient strength multi-shell diffusion MRI and the restricted signal fraction (FR) from the Composite Hindered and Restricted Model of Diffusion (CHARMED), a metric sensitive to the volume fraction of axons. Read More

J Biomech 2019 Jan 30. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

For detailed analyses of muscle adaptation mechanisms during growth, ageing or disease, reliable measurements of muscle architecture are required. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DTI tractography have been used to reconstruct the architecture of human muscles in vivo. However, muscle architecture measurements reconstructed with conventional DTI techniques are often anatomically implausible because the reconstructed fascicles do not terminate on aponeuroses, as real muscle fascicles are known to do. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

International Neuroscience Institute; Department of neurosurgery, Rudolf Pichlmayr Str. 4, Hannover 30625, Germany.

Purpose: To investigate the validity of various approaches, to extract quantitative measurements of diffusion imaging (i.e. apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) to investigate tumors of the central nervous system. Read More

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019 Feb 26;58(2):256-266. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, and the Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.

Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a cluster of symptoms associated with poor function in various domains of major life activities that may comprise a novel attention disorder distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nevertheless, very little is known about the neural substrate of SCT in children. The present study aimed to examine associations between SCT symptoms and brain structure and function in school-aged children. Read More

J Neurosurg 2019 Feb 8:1-14. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Divisions of1Pediatric Neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVEEmergence of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing provides a robust method for gene targeting in a variety of cell types, including fertilized rat embryos. The authors used this method to generate a transgenic rat L1cam knockout model of X-linked hydrocephalus (XLH) with human genetic etiology. The object of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in studying perivascular white matter tract injury in the rat model and to characterize its pathological definition in histology. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019 Feb 8:1-9. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

8Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.

OBJECTIVEThere is no consensus on the optimal timing and specific brain MRI sequences in the evaluation and management of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and information on current practices is lacking. The authors performed a survey of MRI practices among sites participating in a multicenter study of severe pediatric TBI to provide information for designing future clinical trials using MRI to assess brain injury after severe pediatric TBI.METHODSInformation on current imaging practices and resources was collected from 27 institutions participating in the Approaches and Decisions after Pediatric TBI Trial. Read More

Med Biol Eng Comput 2019 Feb 9. Epub 2019 Feb 9.

Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Emerging evidence has revealed widespread stroke-induced brain dysconnectivity, which leads to abnormal network organization. However, there are apparent discrepancies in dysconnectivity between structural connectivity and functional connectivity studies. In this work, resting-state fMRI and structural diffusion tensor imaging were obtained from 26 patients with subacute (10-14 days) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 20 matched healthy participants (patients/controls = 21/18 after head motion rejection). Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá, Colombia.

Object: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography provides useful information that can be used to optimize surgical planning and help avoid injury during subcortical dissection of eloquent tracts. The objective is to provide a safe, timely, and affordable algorithm for pre-operative DTI language reconstruction for intrinsic frontotemporal pathologies.

Methods: The authors reviewed a prospectively acquired database of pre-operative DTI reconstruction for resection of left frontotemporal lesions over three years at Hospital de San José and Hospital Infantil Universitario San José, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS), Bogota, Colombia. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

Objective: We sought to delineate the fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy patients by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber bundle tracing.

Methods: Thirty patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and 24 healthy volunteers were assessed using the ISNCSCI scale. All subjects underwent conventional sagittal T1WI and T2WI, and horizontal 3D T2 DRIVE and DTI scan. Read More

Radiographics 2019 Feb 8:180112. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

From the MRI Section, Department of Radiology, SERCOSA, Health Time, Carmelo Torres 2, 23007 Jaén, Spain (T.M.N., A.L.); Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Department, Centro Rossi, Buenos Aires, Argentina (R.B.); MRI Section, Department of Radiology, DADISA, Health Time, Cádiz, Spain (M.G.C.); Peripheral Nerve and Plexus Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.S.); Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.T.B.); and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (A.L.).

Evaluation of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries has classically been based on clinical and electrophysiologic criteria. US and MRI have been widely used for morphologic assessment of nerve injury sites and concomitant lesions. In the past few years, morphologic MR neurography has significantly increased its clinical applications on the basis of three-dimensional or two-dimensional images with and without fat-suppression techniques. Read More

NMR Biomed 2019 Feb 7:e4056. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Diffusion-weighted imaging, a contrast unique to MRI, is used for assessment of tissue microstructure in vivo. However, this exquisite sensitivity to finer scales far above imaging resolution comes at the cost of vulnerability to errors caused by sources of motion other than diffusion motion. Addressing the issue of motion has traditionally limited diffusion-weighted imaging to a few acquisition techniques and, as a consequence, to poorer spatial resolution than other MRI applications. Read More

NMR Biomed 2019 Feb 7:e4066. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Conventional diffusion MRI yields voxel-averaged parameters that suffer from ambiguities for heterogeneous anisotropic materials such as brain tissue. Using principles from solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we have previously introduced the shape of the diffusion encoding tensor as a separate acquisition dimension that disentangles isotropic and anisotropic contributions to the observed diffusivities, thereby allowing for unconstrained data inversion into diffusion tensor distributions with "size," "shape," and orientation dimensions. Here we combine our recent non-parametric data inversion algorithm and data acquisition protocol with an imaging pulse sequence to demonstrate spatial mapping of diffusion tensor distributions using a previously developed composite phantom with multiple isotropic and anisotropic components. Read More

PLoS One 2019 6;14(2):e0210015. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.

Motor skills and the acquisition of brain plasticity are important topics in current research. The development of non-invasive white matter imaging technology, such as diffusion-tensor imaging and the introduction of graph theory make it possible to study the effects of learning skills on the connection patterns of brain networks. However, few studies have characterized the brain network topological features of motor skill learning, especially open skill. Read More

Brain Behav 2019 Feb 6:e01233. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancover, Canada.

Objective: We investigated white matter differences associated with distinct neurocognitive profiles derived from a large cohort of marginally housed persons with comorbid physical and mental illnesses. Our prior work identified three profile cluster groups: a high functioning group (Cluster 1), a low functioning group with relative strength in decision-making (Cluster 3), and an intermediary group with a relative decision-making weakness (Cluster 2). This study extends previous findings of cortical gray matter differences between these groups with evidence for putative neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the low cognitive functioning group (i. Read More

J Neurosurg Sci 2019 Feb 4. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Background: Reliable visualization of the optic radiations (OR) is of major importance in tumor surgery close to the OR to prevent permanent visual field deficits. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) based fiber tractography (FT) has become a standard tool to visualize major white matter tracts and to support the prevention of postoperative deficits. Nevertheless, FT of the OR is notoriously challenging due to its high neuroanatomical complexity. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Background: The paraspinal muscles play an important role in the onset and progression of lower back pain. It would be of clinical interest to identify imaging biomarkers of the paraspinal musculature that are related to muscle function and strength. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables the microstructural examination of muscle tissue and its pathological changes. Read More

Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2019 24;11:58-66. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

The main focus of the present study was to explore the longitudinal changes in the brain executive control system and default mode network after hemispherotomy. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were collected in two children with drug-resistnt epilepsy underwent hemispherotomy. Two patients with different curative effects showed different trajectories of brain connectivity after surgery. Read More

Clin Anat 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Neurosurgery.

Introduction: The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the evaluation of linguistic, interoceptive, and emotional information. A detailed understanding of its subcortical white matter anatomy could improve post-operative morbidity related to surgery in and around this gyrus. Through GQI-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, we characterized the fiber tracts of the IFG based on relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures. Read More

Brain Imaging Behav 2019 Feb 5. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 223 TLRB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.

Obese adults have been shown to have poorer white brain matter integrity relative to normal-weight peers, but few studies have tested whether white matter integrity is compromised in overweight and obese adolescents. Also, it is unclear if age interacts with body mass to affect white matter integrity in adolescents. We used Automated Fiber Quantification, a tractography method, to compare fractional anisotropy between normal-weight and overweight/obese adolescents in the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. Read More

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019 2;2019:4245753. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Stroke is a leading cause of motor disability. Acupuncture is an effective therapeutic strategy for poststroke motor impairment. However, its mechanism is still elusive. Read More

Brain Nerve 2019 Feb;71(2):155-160

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.

Patients with schizophrenia face several difficulties in their daily social life owing to the impairment of social cognitive ability. However, the neural basis of this impairment has not been fully clarified. We attempted to identify the neuronal basis of social dysfunction of schizophrenia by focusing on the thalamus, which is a subcortical structure. Read More

J Neurol Sci 2019 Jan 16;398:148-156. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Neurosurgery, Fukuoka University, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.

Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate (Vim) thalamic nucleus is used to treat tremors. Here, we identified the Vim nucleus on fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery (FGATIR) images and delineated the dentate-rubrothalamic tract (DRT) to determine the DBS target. We evaluated whether this method could consistently identify the Vim nucleus by anatomical imaging and fiber tractography. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2019 Feb 3. Epub 2019 Feb 3.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: The unanticipated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection in the brain of asymptomatic subjects of white matter lesions suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been named as radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS). As the difference between early MS (i.e. Read More

Front Neurol 2018 16;9:1117. Epub 2019 Jan 16.

Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a large group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the long tracts of the spinal cord, namely the corticospinal tracts and dorsal columns. Genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity is a hallmark of this group of diseases, which makes proper diagnosis and management often challenging. In this scenario, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) emerges as a valuable tool to assist in the exclusion of mimicking disorders and in the detailed phenotypic characterization. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2018 18;12:543. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

Family socioeconomic status (SES) is an important factor that affects an individual's neural and cognitive development. The two novel aims of this study were to reveal (a) the effects of family SES on mean diffusivity (MD) using diffusion tensor imaging given the characteristic property of MD to reflect neural plasticity and development and (b) the sex differences in SES effects. In a study cohort of 1,216 normal young adults, we failed to find significant main effects of family SES on MD; however, previously observed main effects of family SES on regional gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) were partly replicated. Read More

Neuroradiology 2019 Feb 2. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a multi-systemic disease involving pathological changes in the brain. This study investigated how diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters in patients with non-hypoxemic COPD differ from those in controls. Moreover, we tried to examine whether the mode of anisotropy (MO) reflects early changes in white matter (WM) integrity in COPD. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2019 Jan 7;76:115-124. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

In genetic frontotemporal dementia, cross-sectional studies have identified profiles of presymptomatic neuroanatomical loss for C9orf72 repeat expansion, MAPT, and GRN mutations. In this study, we characterize longitudinal gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) brain changes in presymptomatic frontotemporal dementia. We included healthy carriers of C9orf72 repeat expansion (n = 12), MAPT (n = 15), GRN (n = 33) mutations, and related noncarriers (n = 53), that underwent magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2019 Jan 25;22:101680. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Alzheimer's disease (AD), an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, is the most common type of dementia in elderly people. This present study incorporated multiple structural and functional connectivity metrics into a graph theoretical analysis framework and investigated alterations in brain network topology in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. By using this multiparametric analysis, we expected different connectivity metrics may reflect additional or complementary information regarding the topological changes in brain networks in MCI or AD. Read More

Behav Brain Res 2019 Jan 30;363:149-154. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Stanford University, United States.

Individuals with elevated symptoms of depression exhibit alterations in white matter integrity, including lower fractional anisotropy (FA) evident on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Similarly, individuals with a history of early life stress (ELS) exhibit lower FA in the white matter independent of concurrent depression. Prior studies have not determined whether the neuroimaging signature of comorbid ELS and adult depression differs from the pattern of brain white matter changes associated with depression in the absence of self-reported ELS. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2019 Mar 17;57(2):319-339. Epub 2018 Nov 17.

Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.

T2-weighted (T2W) imaging is the most important sequence for detection of acute traumatic spinal cord pathology in clinical practice. Intramedullary hemorrhage on T2W imaging is associated with some component of irreversible injury and arguably the most robust MR imaging predictor of injury severity. The MR imaging appearance of the injured spinal cord in the early stages of injury is highly dynamic, and the time delay from injury to imaging must be considered in image interpretation. Read More

World Neurosurg 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova Medical School, via Giustiniani 5, 35128 Padova, Italy.

In vestibular schwannoma surgery the preservation of facial and cochlear nerves is of paramount concern with regard to their impact on the quality of life. The rate of nerve function preservation raised on account of advancement in surgical technique and neuroimaging and as well as the introduction of intraoperative neuromonitoring. Preoperative depiction of anatomical concerns between nerves and tumour could help the surgical planning; indeed many studies investigating advanced imaging for cranial nerves detection, in particular diffusion tensor imaging, have been published from the last decade. Read More

Neuroscience 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

In multiple sclerosis (MS), it would be of clinical value to be able to track the progression of axonal pathology, especially before the manifestation of clinical disability. However, non-invasive evaluation of short-term longitudinal progression of white matter integrity is challenging. This study aims at assessing longitudinal changes in the restricted (i. Read More

Personal Neurosci 2018 Aug 15;1. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA.

Rumination and impaired inhibition are considered core characteristics of depression. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms that contribute to these atypical cognitive processes remain unclear. To address this question, we apply a computational network control theory (NCT) approach to structural brain imaging data acquired via diffusion tensor imaging in a large sample of participants, to examine how NCT relates to individual differences in subclinical depression. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Jan 31;9(1):1103. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.

High-grade gliomas are the most aggressive malignant brain tumors. Accurate pre-operative prognosis for this cohort can lead to better treatment planning. Conventional survival prediction based on clinical information is subjective and could be inaccurate. Read More

Neurobiol Aging 2018 Dec 25;76:62-70. Epub 2018 Dec 25.

The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address:

The longitudinal decline in the integrity of several white matter (WM) tracts in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) has been documented. However, there is yet a clear relationship between this decline and that of executive function (EF), for the WM changes to meaningfully track progression in bvFTD. We sought to validate the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in tracking the progression of bvFTD with its associated decline in EF. Read More

J Viral Hepat 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of General Radiology, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Chair of Radiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.

The purpose of this study was to assess cerebral microstructural and perfusion changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection before and after interferon-free therapy, using advanced magnetic resonance (MR) techniques. Eleven HCV-positive patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) using a 1.5T MR unit, before and 24 weeks after completion of interferon-free therapy. Read More