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Endocr Connect 2019 Mar;8(3):R55-R70

Department of Medicine III & Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, especially as a result of our aging society, high caloric intake and sedentary lifestyle. Besides the well-known complications of T2DM on the cardiovascular system, the eyes, kidneys and nerves, bone strength is also impaired in diabetic patients. Patients with T2DM have a 40-70% increased risk for fractures, despite having a normal to increased bone mineral density, suggesting that other factors besides bone quantity must account for increased bone fragility. Read More

Obes Rev 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) with a long elimination half-life, allowing subcutaneous (sc) administration once per week. Both the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved once-weekly sc semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The weight loss efficacy of once-weekly sc semaglutide appears to be superior compared with the other once-weekly GLP-1 RAs in patients with T2DM. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):837-842

Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca Pharma India Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with several comorbidities and complications. Genital infection is one such complication that is often associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Even though abnormalities in immune system, high urine glucose, and bladder dysfunction are important contributors for the increased risk of genitourinary symptoms, yet the possible role of pharmacologically induced glucosuria cannot be completely overlooked in such patients. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):827-836

Diabetes Medicare Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Involvement of multiple physiological pathways and complex pathogenesis is responsible for the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since it is difficult to manage multiple pathophysiological defects by monotherapy, a combination therapy with two or more oral antidiabetic agents (OADs) may help achieve euglycemia in T2DM patients. Choice of OADs is difficult with growing armamentarium of antidiabetic therapy. Read More

Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018 Nov-Dec;22(6):818-826

Department of Medical Sciences, JJT University, Rajasthan, India.

Liraglutide is an effective drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this review is to collate evidence on the real-world clinical effectiveness of liraglutide from the published Indian studies. A review of publications was conducted to identify observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of liraglutide among Indian T2DM. Read More

Endocr Connect 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

H Teede, Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

Objective: Many complex diseases exhibit co-morbidities often requiring management by more than one health specialist. We examined cross-speciality issues that ultimately affect the health and wellbeing of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PCOS was originally described as a reproductive condition but is now recognised to also be a metabolic and psychological condition affecting 8-13% of women of reproductive age. Read More

Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019 Feb 13:e3139. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high mortality risk, though the magnitude of this association remains unknown in Latin America (LA). We aimed to assess the strength of the association between T2DM and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in population-based cohort studies in LA. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Gut hormones have many key roles in the control of metabolism, as they target diverse tissues involved in the control of intestinal function, insulin secretion, nutrient assimilation and food intake. Produced by scattered cells found along the length of the intestinal epithelium, gut hormones generate signals related to the rate of nutrient absorption, the composition of the luminal milieu and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Gut hormones already form the basis for existing and developing therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, exemplified by the licensed glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors that enhance GLP1 receptor activation. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Jan;65(1):70-86

Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly grew sharply over the last decade. Reduced insulin sensitivity and secretory capacity, weight gain, sarcopenia, and elevated adiposity are all common metabolic and body changes in the aging population that favor an increased risk of hypoglycemia, frailty syndrome, falls, and cognitive dysfunction. First line antidiabetic therapy is frequently not safe in older individuals because of its high risk of hypoglycemia and prevalent co-morbid diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Read More

Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019 Jan;65(1):56-60

Full Professor - Department of Cardiology - Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis - FCM - Unicamp - São Paulo (SP) - Brasil.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic pathologies around the world, involving treatment with general clinicians, endocrinologists, cardiologists, ophthalmologists, nephrologists and a multidisciplinary team. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) can be affected by cardiac autonomic neuropathy, leading to increased mortality and morbidity. In this review, we will present current concepts, clinical features, diagnosis, prognosis, and possible treatment. Read More

Eur J Pharmacol 2019 Feb 10;850:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address:

Metformin, as a dimethyl biguanide prescribed as the first-line medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, is one of the most frequently used drugs, worldwide. However, the beneficial effects of metformin are not limited to insulin sensitizing and blood glucose lowering effects as recent clinical trials deciphered lower cancer risk in metformin users. In addition, metformin protected the liver against chemical or viral hepatotoxicants through various mechanisms including activation of AMPK via inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and inhibition of Smads phosphorylation. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2019 ;1118:1-28

Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects African Americans (AAs) and Hispanics, who are more likely to have AD than non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and Asian Americans. Racial disparities in AD are multifactorial, with potential contributing factors including genetics, comorbidities, diet and lifestyle, education, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status. Interestingly, comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease also impact AAs. Read More

Curr Diabetes Rev 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland. Australia.

Background: Exercise training is vital for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). While the positive effects of supervised exercise training are well established, unsupervised training may offer an alternative and more sustainable means of realising the benefits of exercise away from a resource-heavy supervised setting.

Objective: To evaluate the available literature and compare the efficacy of supervised and unsupervised exercise training programs on glycaemic control in patients with T2D. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb;33(1):46-53

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy requiring panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and the visual prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, comprising 103 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy who underwent PRP from 1996 to 2005. Read More

Fluids Barriers CNS 2019 Feb 12;16(1). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, 51 W Palmer ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a subtype of hydrocephalus that occurs more often in the elderly population. It is usually characterized by gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence. Epidemiological studies indicate that 15. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;40(2):251-254

Office of the Director, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China.

The situation of air pollution has become increasingly serious and its relationship with diabetes becomes a new research concern, in China. After going through a large number of epidemiological studies published in recent years, this paper reviews the relationship between major air pollutants and both blood glucose and blood lipid, related to type 2 diabetes. It also summarizes the relationships among the main pollutants of the atmosphere so as to propose the research directions in this field. Read More

Endocr Pract 2019 Jan;25(1):101-105

Objective: Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS) Hypothyroidism Clinical Practice Guidelines recommend case finding of hypothyroid patients in multiple and different situations that agree with other Society guidelines. However, the detection of hypothyroidism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients is not mentioned in particular. In the recent years, several basic and epidemiologic studies have appeared showing that a lower thyroid function and MetS/T2DM are associated. Read More

Drugs 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Royal London Hospital, 7th Floor, John Harrison House, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK.

Diabetes mellitus affects over 20% of people aged > 65 years. With the population of older people living with diabetes growing, the condition may be only one of a number of significant comorbidities that increases the complexity of their care, reduces functional status and inhibits their ability to self-care. Coexisting comorbidities may compete for the attention of the patient and their healthcare team, and therapies to manage comorbidities may adversely affect a person's diabetes. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2018 Dec;6(24):479

Department of General Surgery, the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the medium-term metabolic results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in Chinese patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of our LSG results between February 2011 and February 2015, and conducted a literature review of stenosis after LSG during a recent 10-year period.

Results: Of 142 patients in our study, the mean initial body mass index (BMI) was 38. Read More

Diabetes Metab 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China. Electronic address:

Aim: To evaluate the association between sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and risk of bone fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A systematic literature search conducted of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception up to 31 August 2018 identified all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The following data were extracted from each study: first author; year of publication; sample size; patient characteristics; study design; intervention drug; control drug; follow-up durations; and incident bone-fracture events. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Feb 5;149:78-88. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.

Tobacco use disorder (TUD), in particular cigarette smoking, contributes significantly to the macro- and micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Persons with DM who regularly use tobacco products are twice as likely to experience mortality and negative health outcomes. Despite these risks, TUD remains prevalent in persons with DM. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.

Adipose tissue comprises adipocytes and many other cell types that engage in dynamic crosstalk in a highly innervated and vascularized tissue matrix. Although adipose tissue has been studied for decades, it has been appreciated only in the past 5 years that extensive arborization of nerve fibres has a dominant role in regulating the function of adipose tissue. This Review summarizes the latest literature, which suggests that adipocytes signal to local sensory nerve fibres in response to perturbations in lipolysis and lipogenesis. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Dermatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, Australia.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating and distressing chronic inflammatory skin disease. There is also evolving evidence supporting the association between HS and cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, obesity, hyperlipidaemia and metabolic syndrome. Notably, these are clinical features and risk factors that are closely associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Read More

Adv Ther 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, New Delhi, India.

It is critical to integrate medical nutrition therapy (MNT) provided by a registered dietician (RD) into primary care of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is necessary to achieve the goals of improving overall metabolic measures beyond calorie restriction and weight loss. Misconceptions about nutrition in T2DM add to the challenges of executing MNT in a culturally sensitive population. Read More

Diabetes Ther 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Hemopathology, Puyang City Oilfield General Hospital, Puyang City, Henan, People's Republic of China.

Introduction: Studies of the effects of stem cell therapy on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not reached consistent results. Our meta-analysis aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells (ABM-MNCs) on T2DM.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between 1980 and May 2018. Read More

Cardiol Res Pract 2019 2;2019:9846312. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and it is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). For T2DM patients, the main surgical intervention for CAD is autologous saphenous vein grafting. However, T2DM patients have increased risk of saphenous vein graft failure (SVGF). Read More

Prim Care Diabetes 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to indirectly compare the cardiovascular (CV) safety of new antidiabetic medications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DATA SYNTHESIS: A search of the Embase and MEDLINE databases was conducted systematically to identify cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of new antidiabetic medications (DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors) in patients with T2DM. The primary outcomes were the composite endpoint of CV death, nonfatal MI, and nonfatal stroke (MACE), death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke and death from any cause. Read More

Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019 Jan 11. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Liège, CHU Liège, Sart Tilman B35, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common diseases that frequently co-exist, along with overweight/obesity. While the mechanical impact of excess body weight on joints may explain lower limb OA, we sought to explore whether T2DM is linked to OA outside of excess weight and whether T2DM may play a role in OA pathophysiology. The consequence of T2DM on OA outcomes is a question of research interest. Read More

Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019 Feb 19;34:294-304. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Category 2 Institutes and Centers Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address:

Background And Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of vitamin D supplements on indices of glycemic control [homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and lipid profile in diabetic patients.

Methods: Eight databases were searched, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cross-sectional and cohort studies that have been published up to December 2017. We used the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software for all statistical analysis and used the I index for assessing heterogeneity. Read More

Hosp Pract (1995) 2019 Feb 4:1-6. Epub 2019 Feb 4.

b Department of Cardiology , INTEGRIS Baptist Medical Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.

Objectives: Obesity has risen in the US and worldwide, and has become a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and mostly HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Also, the prevalence of HF is quite high in the US accounting for 6.6 million adults at present and is projected to reach 8. Read More

Curr Atheroscler Rep 2019 Feb 2;21(2). Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Purpose Of Review: High-intensity exercise may beneficially impact on insulin sensitivity. However, there is still uncertainty on the actual impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on chronic physiologic adaptations among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to systematically search and appraise the evidence base on the effects of HIIT in comparison to mild- or moderate-intensity interval training (MMIIT) on glycemic control inT2DM. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):287-308

Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Villejuif, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Centre de Recherche Clinique Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Pharmacology Department, Paris-Sud Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Sud University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, compiled data suggest that type 2 diabetes affects the risk of cardiovascular disease differentially according to sex. In recent years, large meta-analyses have confirmed that women with type 2 diabetes have a higher relative risk of incident coronary heart disease, fatal coronary heart disease, and stroke compared with their male counterparts. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Jan 30;149:47-63. Epub 2019 Jan 30.

Women's Health Technology Assessment Center, Federal University of Sao Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), Sao Paulo, Brazil; AxiaBio Life Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: The first treatment approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus is lifestyle change and metformin, but it is usually not sufficient. For some time, the anti-hyperglycemic classes of sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were considered second-line of treatment, since they show similar efficacy effect. However, the recent ADA-EASD consensus gives the preference to DPP-4 inhibitors compared to sulfonylureas, except if cost is a major problem. Read More

Global Health 2019 02 1;15(1):10. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Family Medicine, and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.

Background: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can have a substantial impact in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Community-based programs addressing diet, physical activity, and health behaviors have shown significant benefits on the prevention and management of T2DM, mainly in high-income countries. However, their effects on preventing T2DM in the at-risk population of LMICs have not been thoroughly evaluated. Read More

Diabetes Metab 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, and Division of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium. Electronic address:

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are exposed to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a comorbidity associated with cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease, and which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are glucose-lowering agents that improve glucose control while promoting weight loss and lowering serum uric acid levels. These agents may exert cardiovascular and renal protection in T2DM patients with established cardiovascular disease. Read More

Curr Diabetes Rev 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria. South Africa.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has quadrupled within three decades since 1980 affecting 422 million adults in 2016. It remains one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases and underlying risk factor for cardiovascular diseases worldwide. There are different underlying mechanisms that play a role in the development of pathologies associated with the disease such as hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, obesity, inflammation and hypercoagulation. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing. China.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a frequent female reproductive endocrine disease. It has been associated with numerous severe reproductive and metabolic abnormalities. However, there are still open questions especially regarding the best long-term management. Read More

Nutr Diet 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Glycemic Index Research Unit, School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore.

Aim: Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge (DRNK) is essential for the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A specific tool measuring DRNK can help us to understand awareness levels and tailor structured nutrition education programs. Our study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess DRNK for individuals with T2DM in Singapore. Read More

Diabetes Ther 2019 Jan 31. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre and Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

The current diabetes management strategies not only aim at controlling glycaemic parameters but also necessitate continuous medical care along with multifactorial risk reduction through a comprehensive management concept. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of evolving antidiabetic agents that have the potential to play a pivotal role in the comprehensive management of patients with diabetes due to their diverse beneficial effects. SGLT2i provide moderate glycaemic control, considerable body weight and blood pressure reduction, and thus have the ability to lower the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Read More

Front Physiol 2018 17;9:1857. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, given its serious associated complications. Despite constant efforts and intensive research, an effective, ubiquitous treatment still eludes the scientific community. As such, the identification of novel avenues of research is key to the potential discovery of this evasive "silver bullet. Read More

Prim Care 2019 Mar 22;46(1):41-52. Epub 2018 Dec 22.

Department of Integrated Medical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, 71-140, Boca Raton, FL 33498, USA.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is among the most common diseases seen in primary care practices and can lead to significant complications. Furthermore, more than 7 million Americans are unaware that they even have the disease. This article reviews the screening guidelines and prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes mellitus and discusses the risks and benefits of screening. Read More

JACC Heart Fail 2019 Feb;7(2):169-172

Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering therapies that have been shown to reduce risks of heart failure (HF) events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at high-risk for or with cardiovascular disease. The United States Food and Drug Administration has expanded the regulatory label for empagliflozin and canagliflozin for use to lower cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM and cardiovascular disease. SGLT2 inhibitors are being actively studied in the treatment of patients with HF, including in those without diabetes mellitus. Read More

Maturitas 2019 Mar 5;121:1-6. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, "Aghia Sophia" Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Electronic address:

An adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is an adrenal mass incidentally found via a radiological modality, independent of an endocrinological investigation. In this review, we aimed to investigate the possible reasons behind the increased frequency in AI detection, especially in ageing populations. The pathophysiological effects of insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia and various anabolic pathways are analyzed. Read More

Ter Arkh 2018 Aug;90(8):113-117

Samara State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Samara, Russia.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is the serious progressing chronic disease representing independent risk factor of development of cardiovascular complications. The mortality from cardiovascular diseases at the persons suffering from DM type 2 continues to grow around the world, despite constant augmentation of expenses on treatment and prophylaxis. In this article factors of cardiovascular risk at DM are analyzed and possible ways of their correction are surveyed. Read More

Ter Arkh 2018 Nov;90(10):99-108

National Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia.

The review addresses the questions of the literature devoted to the problem of the influence of bariatric surgery on the course of diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 after achieving a surgically induced remission. This approach was shown to have positive aspects, such as decrease in creatinine, decrease in albuminuria, an increase in GFR, normalization of glycemia and blood pressure, "incretin effect"'s influence on the kidneys. Descriptions of the currently expected pathogenetic mechanisms involved in achieving the observed improvement in microvascular complications of diabetes, namely diabetic kidney disease, are also described in details. Read More

Diabetes Obes Metab 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, Australia.

Aim: The use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been limited, primarily because glycemic efficacy is dependent on kidney function. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with T2DM and CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min/1.73m . Read More

Int J Pharm Pract 2019 Feb;27(1):3-16

School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the characteristics of effective lifestyle modification interventions designed for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in order to determine elements that have the potential to be delivered in the community pharmacy setting.

Key Findings: Seven studies, comprising three each of the interventions diet and structured education and one of supported exercise, were identified. Interventions were conducted in hospital diabetes clinics and clinics situated in both urban and rural areas. Read More

Cureus 2018 Nov 23;10(11):e3626. Epub 2018 Nov 23.

Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, USA.

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver condition. Approximately 70% of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have a fatty liver; the progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of our study was to assess the profile of liver enzymes in subjects with T2DM and NAFLD. Read More

Exp Neurol 2019 Jan 26;315:1-8. Epub 2019 Jan 26.

Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address:

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are leading causes of disability worldwide. Indeed, both are costly and burdensome diseases at both individual and socio-economic levels. Notably, there are similar pathophysiological elements, which might explain the overlap in phenotypic symptoms and the high rate of comorbidity. Read More