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BMJ Open 2019 Apr 20;9(4):e026828. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Family and Community Medicine, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Digital data generated in the course of clinical care are increasingly being leveraged for a wide range of secondary purposes. Researchers need to develop governance policies that can assure the public that their information is being used responsibly. Our aim was to develop a generalisable model for governance of research emanating from health data repositories that will invoke the trust of the patients and the healthcare professionals whose data are being accessed for health research. Read More

Diabetes Ther 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WU, UK.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recently updated their position statement on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to include additional focus on cardiovascular risk; improved management of risk factors in T1DM is also needed. There are important differences in the pathophysiology of CVD in T1DM and T2DM. Read More

Diabetes Obes Metab 2019 Apr;21 Suppl 1:39-51

L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, University of Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.

Diabetic dyslipidaemia, characterized by quantitative, qualitative and kinetic changes in all major circulating lipids, contributes to the increased cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A promising therapeutic avenue is the inhibition of the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) with human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that potently reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels on top of statin treatment. The aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors to lower the residual cardiovascular risk of T2DM patients and to discuss the safety of PCSK9 inhibition in these patients. Read More

Kardiologiia 2019 Apr 17;59(4):76-87. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has gone beyond the professional interests of one specialty. T2DM, cardiovascular (CV) diseases and chronic kidney disease, considered from the standpoint of a single cardio-reno-metabolic continuum, place a heavy economic burden on society. At the same time, the improvement of diagnostic methods and medical technologies led to distinct decrease in the frequency and mortality from a number of complications of T2DM, including myocardial infarction and stroke, but other states took their place. Read More

Syst Rev 2019 Apr 18;8(1):98. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Faculty of Health, Department of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, Building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany.

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is nearly 9%, with an upward trend in type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (T2DM/GDM). Evidence shows that vulnerable groups are affected disproportionally. Therefore, there is an increasing need to implement policies to prevent risk factors for T2DM/GDM and to promote a healthy lifestyle. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019 Apr 18;4:CD012368. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen N, Denmark, 2200.

Background: The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide. The combination of metformin and sulphonylurea (M+S) is a widely used treatment. Whether M+S shows better or worse effects in comparison with other antidiabetic medications for people with T2DM is still controversial. Read More

Curr Opin Cardiol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Purpose Of Review: Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are closely linked and commonly occur in the same patients. This review focuses on the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) system and its crosstalk between metabolism and the cardiovascular system.

Recent Findings: Recent studies suggest that cGMP, which serves as second messenger for nitric oxide and for natriuretic peptides, improves oxidative metabolism and insulin signaling. Read More

Diabetes Metab J 2019 Apr;43(2):127-143

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes are common metabolic disorders that are often comorbid conditions. Among many proposed treatments, weight reduction is the only approved option for NAFLD to date. However, it is not easy to maintain weight loss by lifestyle modification alone; pharmacological treatments are helpful in this regard. Read More

Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019 Mar 15;5(1):25-36. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Endocrinology, Lankenau Hospital, Main Line Health System, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA.

Treatment intended to lower cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with diabetes has always been a primary goal of diabetes treatment. Due to the subdued effects of reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on macrovascular complications, controlling other CV risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia instead of hyperglycemia has been the mainstay treatment to improve CV outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) until recent years. This review is intended to summarize and compare the results from the available cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) for the two classes of glucose lowering drug: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA). Read More

J Diabetes Res 2019 12;2019:3256060. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

The Biology Science Institutes, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.

Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs), the smallest class of extracellular vesicles released from cells, function in cellular crosstalk and therefore profoundly affect physiologic responses and pathologic progression. A growing body of evidence supports a novel role for ELVs as important mediators and therapeutic targets due to their effects on regulation of both insulin signaling and -cell mass. Pathologic conditions associated with type 2 diabetes (such as high blood glucose, inflammation, hypoxia, and fatty acids) can alter the quantity and components of ELVs secreted from the pancreas or peripheral insulin-targeting tissues. Read More

Adv Biomed Res 2019 27;8:15. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

is one of the most common human pathogens that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including simple gastritis, gastric ulcer, and malignant gastritis. In some cases, such as immunodeficiency and underlying diseases, it can be problematic as opportunistic infections. Diabetes mellitus (type 2) (T2DM) is one of the H. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2019 Apr 16;2019. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Endocrinology and Diabetes Department, Garcia de Orta Hospital, Almada, Portugal.

Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors that can secrete catecholamines. The authors describe a challenging case who presented as stress cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction (MI). A 76-year-old man, with a medical history of Parkinson's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and a previous inferior MI in 2001, presented to the emergency department due to chest pain, headaches and vomiting. Read More

Obes Surg 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.

Background: Obesity is a risk for many different cancers. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is common, and benign or pre-malignant histopathology types are reported in the removed gastric specimens. We assessed whether higher BMI was associated with certain benign or pre-malignant histopathological changes. Read More

Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019 Apr 15;18(1):48. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.

Objective: The importance of triglycerides (TG) level as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been extensively investigated in the general population; however, their relationship in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of TG with CVD in T2DM individuals.

Research Design And Methods: We searched bibliographic databases for studies published until June 2018, reporting on the relationship between TG and CVD in T2DM people. Read More

Drugs 2019 Apr 13. Epub 2019 Apr 13.

Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.

Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan and Korea and is being researched in several countries. Teneligliptin is a potent, selective, and long-lasting DPP-4 inhibitor with a t of approximately 24 h and unique pharmacokinetic properties: it is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), or excreted from the kidney in an unchanged form. Because of its multiple elimination pathways, dose adjustment is not needed in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, and it is considered to have a low potential for drug-drug interactions. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Apr 11;9(4):e027490. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains one of the most common chronic diseases of adulthood which creates high degrees of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of T2DM continues to rise and recently, mHealth interventions have been increasingly used in the prevention, monitoring and management of T2DM. The aim of this study is to systematically review the published evidence on cost and cost-effectiveness of mHealth interventions for T2DM, as well as assess the quality of reporting of the evidence. Read More

Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019 Apr 11:e3168. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Aims: To evaluate the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and the risk of bone fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to February 28, 2018, and identified eligible randomized controlled trials. The following data were extracted from each study: first author, year of publication, sample size, patient characteristics, study design, intervention drug, control drug, follow-up time, and incident bone fracture events. Read More

Curr Diabetes Rev 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmcology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. India.

Background: Diabetic complications are the major contributor in mortality of diabetic patients despite controlling blood glucose level. In the journey of new drug discovery, animal models have to play a major role. A large number of chemical-induced and genetically modified animal models have been investigated to induce diabetic complications but none of them was found to be mimicking the pathophysiology of the human. Read More

Obes Rev 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

We are facing a global epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Weight loss, in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes, may improve glycaemic control and weight-related comorbidities, and in some cases, induce diabetes remission. Although lifestyle-based weight loss strategies may be initially successful, most are not effective long-term. Read More

Obes Surg 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.

Background: The effect of bariatric surgery on the glycemic control of patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus is obvious. However, the effect in patients with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m especially Asian population has not been widely reported and acknowledged.

Methods: We performed a literature search in Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to March 2018. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 27;10:187. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.

The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern, and novel therapeutic strategies to prevent T2DM are urgently needed worldwide. Aging is recognized as one of the risk factors for metabolic impairments, including insulin resistance and T2DM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are closely related to both aging and metabolic disease. Read More

J Rehabil Med 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sichuan University West China School of Public Health, 610041 Chengdu, China.

Objective: To systematically synthesize and critically evaluate evidence on the effectiveness of tai chi for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Data Sources: Seven electronic databases (Wan Fang, SinoMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched from their inception to March 2018.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of tai chi on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were eligible. Read More

Mini Rev Med Chem 2019 ;19(7):591-598

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India.

2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD) scaffold is a synthetic versatile scaffold explored by medicinal chemists for the discovery of novel molecules for the target-specific approach to treat or manage number of deadly ailments. PTP 1B is the negative regulator of insulin signaling cascade, and its diminished activity results in abolishment of insulin resistance associated with T2DM. The present review focused on the seven years journey (2012-2018) of TZDs as PTP 1B inhibitors with the insight into the amendments in the structural framework of TZD scaffold in order to optimize/design potential PTP 1B inhibitors. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2019 Apr 9:145561319840819. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

1 Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.

Obesity in pediatric population is an important global problem. The prevalence of obesity in children is dramatically rising. According to World Health Organization, about 41 million children under the age of 5 years are obese or overweight worldwide. Read More

Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Tübingen and Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen. Germany.

The cardiac effects of exogenously administered insulin for the treatment of diabetes (DM) have recently attracted much attention. In particular, it has been questioned whether insulin is the appropriate treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart failure. While several old and some new studies suggested that insulin treatment has beneficial effects for the heart, recent observational studies indicate associations of insulin treatment with increased risk of developing or worsening of a pre-existing heart failure and higher mortality rates. Read More

J Endocr Soc 2019 Apr 27;3(4):773-783. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Reinier the Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands.

Context: Cohort studies show that cognitive dysfunction and both vascular and Alzheimer's dementia are more common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Objective: To review and compare brain volume and F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in brain of individuals age 60 to 70 years with or without type 2 diabetes.

Design: We searched 620 medical records for negative FDG PET-CT scans obtained during 33 months. Read More

J Epidemiol Community Health 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark

Background: Although short adult height is generally associated with increased risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there are large inconsistencies across studies. The aims of this study were to describe and quantify currently available evidence on the association between adult height and T2DM, to examine whether the reported associations differ by sex, and to examine the shapes of the height and T2DM associations.

Methods: Relevant literature was identified using PubMed (1966-May 2018), EMBASE (1947-May 2018) and Google Scholar (May 2018). Read More

Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Centre of Cardiology, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia; Institute of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn. Estonia.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a pandemic. It has different complications, both microvascular and macrovascular.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to summarize the different types of macrovascular complications associated with T2DM. Read More

Reproduction 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

M Cerbón, Faculty of Chemistry, National autonomous University of Mexico, D.F., Mexico.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading endocrine and metabolic disorder in premenopausal women characterized by hyperandrogenism and abnormal development of ovarian follicles. To date, the PCOS etiology remains unclear and has been related to insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and infertility, among other morbidities. Substantial evidence illustrates the impact of genetic, intrauterine, and environmental factors on the PCOS etiology. Read More

Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2019 Apr 9. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine.

Purpose Of Review: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are relatively novel antidiabetic drugs that improve glycemic control and reduce cardiovascular outcomes as well as renal function decline. SGLT2 inhibitors act by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Emerging data suggest that these drugs may also influence bone and mineral metabolism. Read More

Diabetes Ther 2019 Apr 6. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.

Introduction: This study compared basal analog (BA: glargine U100/mL and detemir) and premix (PM: human, lispro and aspart biphasic) insulin regimens in terms of their efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods: Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL identified primary randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ≥ 12 weeks in duration that compared BA or PM insulin regimens in adults with T2DM, with ≥ 30 patients per arm. A systematic literature review and a pairwise meta-analysis were performed using a random effects model adjusted for between-study variability. Read More

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019 Feb 25. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia.

Background And Aim: The aim of the present review is to examine evidence from published studies on the effectiveness of six or more months of low carbohydrate, macrobiotic, vegan, vegetarian, Mediterranean and intermittent fasting (IF) diets compared to low fat diets on diabetes control and management.

Methods And Results: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed and Scopus databases were systematically searched for relevant studies. Twenty randomised controlled trials (RCTs) > 6 months that investigated the effectiveness of various dietary patterns on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included. Read More

Phytother Res 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Background And Objectives: The impetus for the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of propolis supplementation on markers of glycemic status in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to August 2018, identifying randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of propolis supplementation on glycemic markers in adults with T2DM. Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias assessment. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 4. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Women with pre-existing (type 1 or type 2) diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of pregnancy complications, such as congenital malformations, preeclampsia and preterm delivery, compared with women who do not have diabetes mellitus. Approximately half of pregnancies in women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus are complicated by fetal overgrowth, which results in infants who are overweight at birth and at risk of birth trauma and, later in life, the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Strict glycaemic control with appropriate diet, use of insulin and, if necessary, antihypertensive treatment is the cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management to prevent pregnancy complications. Read More

BMJ Open 2019 Apr 4;9(4):e028430. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.

Introduction: Bariatric surgeries are effective in treating obesity related comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. More robust evidence is needed to facilitate choice of procedure. In this systemic review, we aim to investigate the comparative long-term effectiveness in inducing remission of type 2 diabetes, halting diabetic complications, reducing mortality and the safety of conventional and emerging bariatric surgeries. Read More

Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019 03 13;115:76-80. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

To complement the development of new or repurposed drugs for improving the treatment outcomes of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis, current insight also focuses on the use of host-directed therapy. Metformin, a drug often used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, has attracted attention by virtue of its favourable activity as an adjunctive agent against tuberculosis, discovered through laboratory and clinical studies. To definitively establish its role as a host-directed therapeutic in tuberculosis, more preclinical and clinical research is still required to better delineate its mechanism(s) of action and optimal clinical use. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Apr;98(14):e14970

Department of Endocrinology, 454 Hospital Affiliated to People's Liberation Army, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Background: Conflicting evidence exists on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, this meta-analysis focuses on the relationship between vitamin D intervention and glycaemic control in subjects with T2D.

Methods: We reviewed available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies from the establishment time of each database to March 31, 2018. Read More

J Genet 2019 Mar;98(1)

Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110 007,

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver without any history of chronic alcohol consumption. It encompasses a wide spectrum of diseases that range from simple steatosis to nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, insulin resistance / type-2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Read More

Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2019 Mar;44(3):231-4

Traditional Therapy Department of Fangchun Branch Hospial, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120.

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathophysiological basis of many chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cerebral vascular disease, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Acupuncture therapy has been demonstrated to have a positive role in reducing IR level in clinical practice. In the present paper, we summarized development of researches on the mechanism of acupuncture therapy underlying improvement of IR in recent 10 years from 1) regulating expression of hypothalamic phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-p85 and PI3K-P110 proteins in obesity rats; 2) regulating the levels of some related proteins of insulin target tissues (liver and skeletal muscle), such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS)-1 and -2, glucose transporter mRNAs and proteins, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthetase proteins; 3) suppressing inflammatory reaction of liver tissue and down-regulating serum adiponectin in T2DM rats; 4) raising the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of quadriceps femoris in spontaneous IR rats; and 5) attenuating structural injury of pancreas islet and apoptosis of pancreatic β cells in diabetes rats. Read More

Mol Genet Genomics 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Diabetes Center and Transplantation Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yihuanlu Xierduan 32#, Chengdu, 610072, China.

Gestational glucose homeostasis influences mother's metabolic health, pregnancy outcomes, fetal development and offspring growth. To understand the genetic roles in pregnant glucose metabolism and genetic predisposition for gestational diabetes (GDM), we reviewed the recent literature up to Jan, 2018 and evaluated the influence of T2DM-related genetic variants on gestational glycemic traits and glucose tolerance. A total of 140 variants of 89 genes were integrated. Read More

Dis Markers 2019 3;2019:6578327. Epub 2019 Mar 3.

Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.

Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) is a regulator of plasma triglyceride (TRG) levels due to its inhibitory action on the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). ANGPTL3 is proteolytically cleaved by proprotein convertases to generate an active N-terminal domain, which forms a complex with ANGPTL8 orchestrating LPL inhibition. ANGPTL3-4-8 mouse model studies indicate that these three ANGPTL family members play a significant role in partitioning the circulating TRG to specific tissues according to nutritional states. Read More

Dis Markers 2019 3;2019:2970401. Epub 2019 Mar 3.

School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China.

Background: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) provides an unprecedented opportunity to reveal substantial genetic contribution to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycemic identification of allelic heterogeneity and population-specific genetic variants, yet it also faces difficulty due to the vast amount of potential confounding factors and limited availability of clinical data. To identify responsible susceptibility loci and genomic polymorphism for T2DM and glycemic traits, we have systematically investigated a genome-wide association study related to T2DM. Although GWAS has captured many common genetic variations, which are related to T2DM, each risk allele (RA) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at these loci is not conclusive. Read More

Brain Behav 2019 Apr 2:e01281. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Polymerase gamma (POLG) is an enzyme responsible for the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA. Mutations in POLG may cause variable clinical manifestations, including parkinsonism, epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. However, mutations of this gene are rare in patients with typical Parkinson's disease (PD). Read More

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018 Dec 6. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Background And Aim: Given the contradictory results of previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify and summarize the effects of folic acid supplementation on C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods And Results: We performed a systematic search of all available RCTs conducted up to October 2018 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. RCTs that investigated the effect of folate on CRP were included in the present study. Read More

Kidney Blood Press Res 2019 Apr 2:1-9. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.

Three randomized control trials (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study, Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [EMPA-REG OUTCOME], and Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58 [DECLARE-TIMI 58]) showed that the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, originally developed as glucose-lowering drugs, are associated with a lower rate of adverse renal outcomes, such as need for renal replacement therapy, doubling of serum creatinine, and loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to those in placebo groups. Besides, canagliflozin and empagliflozin also showed a lower risk of progression to macroalbuminuria. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial also indicated that these SGLT2 inhibitors might have beneficial effects on the prevention of acute kidney injury. Read More

Drugs Today (Barc) 2019 Mar;55(3):167-175

Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is exclusively expressed in the S1 and S2 segments of proximal convoluted tubules and accounts for roughly 90% of glucose reabsorption. Ertugliflozin, a highly selective and reversible SGLT2 inhibitor, is the latest addition to the gliflozin class of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was granted approval by the U. Read More

Biofactors 2019 Apr 2. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Department of Cardiology 1, Center for Cardiology, Mainz, Germany.

Environmental noise is a well-recognized health risk and part of the external exposome-the World Health Organization estimates that 1 million healthy life years are lost annually in Western Europe alone due to noise-related complications, including increased incidence of hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Previous data suggest that noise works through two paired pathways in a proposed reaction model for noise exposure. As a nonspecific stressor, chronic low-level noise exposure can cause a disruption of sleep and communication leading to annoyance and subsequent sympathetic and endocrine stress responses leading to increased blood pressure, heart rate, stress hormone levels, and in particular more oxidative stress, being responsible for vascular dysfunction and representing changes of the internal exposome. Read More

J Clin Med Res 2019 Apr 18;11(4):261-266. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics/University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to assess the relevance of other factors to sleep quality.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG) in Amman, Jordan, during the period from October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015. A total of 1,211 (540 male and 671 female) patients with T2DM were recruited. Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2019 26;2019:1524905. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.

Zinc level in the body is finely regulated to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of zinc metabolism may induce a variety of diseases, e.g. Read More

Sr Care Pharm 2019 Apr;34(4):230-242

Five new drugs marketed in 2018 that are used for medical problems often experienced by the elderly have been selected for consideration in this review. The uses and most important properties of these agents are discussed, and a rating for each new drug is determined using the New Drug Comparison Rating system developed by the author (DAH). Advantages, disadvantages, and other important information regarding each new drug are identified and used as the basis for determining the rating. Read More