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Diabetes Ther 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Cardiovascular Research Group, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WU, UK.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recently updated their position statement on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to include additional focus on cardiovascular risk; improved management of risk factors in T1DM is also needed. There are important differences in the pathophysiology of CVD in T1DM and T2DM. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Diabetes vascular complications, including cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, have a negative effect on the long-term prognosis of young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Poor glycaemic control and consequent increased HbA levels are major risk factors for the development of vascular complications. HbA levels are the main focus of current management strategies; however, the recommended target is rarely achieved in adolescents. Read More

Acta Diabetol 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, 601 Elwood Ave, Box 690, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.

Aims: The skeletal complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) include low bone density, poor bone quality and fractures. Greater calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and physical activity are commonly recommended to improve bone health in patients with T1D. However, it is not clear whether these factors are affected by T1D or improve clinical outcomes. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China. Electronic address:

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a broad spectrum of disorders featured by the body's immune responses being directed against its own tissues, resulting in prolonged inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. Recently, the exposure to ambient air pollution has been implicated in the occurrence and development of ADs. Mechanisms linking air pollution exposures and ADs mainly include systemic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, epigenetic modifications induced by exposures and immune response caused by airway damage. Read More

Pediatr Diabetes 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Herlev University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev, Denmark.

Background And Objectives: Type-1-Diabetes (T1D) is associated with impaired bone health and both osteocalcin and P1NP (markers of bone formation) and CTX (marker of bone resorption) are decreased in adult patients with T1D. We review the existing literature characterizing bone turnover markers in children and adolescents with T1D and by meta-analysis examine whether alterations in OCN, P1NP and CTX are evident and if potential changes correlate to the metabolic control (HbA1c).

Subjects And Methods: Systematic searches at MEDLINE and EMBASE were conducted in January 2018 identifying all studies describing OCN, P1NP or CTX in children and adolescents with T1D. Read More

J Clin Med Res 2019 Apr 18;11(4):225-236. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA.

In recent years the use of immunomodulating therapy to treat various cancers has been on the rise. Three checkpoint inhibitors have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (ipilimumab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab). The use of these drugs comes with serious adverse events related to excessive immune activation, collectively known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2019 26;2019:1524905. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.

Zinc level in the body is finely regulated to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of zinc metabolism may induce a variety of diseases, e.g. Read More

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019 Mar 29:1-7. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

b Diabetes Centre, Second Department of Internal Medicine , Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis , Alexandroupolis , Greece.

Introduction: In women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), pregnancy is associated with a potential risk of maternal, foetal and neonatal outcomes. Stringent metabolic control is required to improve these outcomes. Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarise the current evidence from studies on the pharmacological therapy and on monitoring of T1DM during pregnancy. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2018 Dec 17;17(2):159-163. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

1School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand.

Purpose: Insulin dose requirements at new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) vary widely. Current guidelines recommend an initial total daily dose (TDD) ranging from 0.5 to 1. Read More

Pediatr Diabetes 2019 Mar 26. Epub 2019 Mar 26.

Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Aurora, CO, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Objective: To determine autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence within our pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinic population and determine clinical characteristics and technology use by individuals with both ASD and T1D compared to matched controls with T1D alone and compared to our overall pediatric T1D clinic.

Research Design And Methods: Medical chart review revealed 30 individuals with both ASD and type 1 diabetes (ASD+T1D). Controls (n=90) were matched for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and T1D duration. Read More

Eurasian J Med 2019 Feb;51(1):85-89

Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity shows a gradual increase nowadays. Despite the introduction of multiagent treatment modalities, many patients with T2DM still do not have good results. Bariatric/metabolic surgery performed in obese patients to attain weight loss has been shown to improve T2DM. Read More

J Low Genit Tract Dis 2019 Apr;23(2):87-101

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Tulsa, OU-TU School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK.

Executive Summary: The risk of cervical cancer (CC) among women immunosuppressed for a variety of reasons is well documented in the literature. Although there is improved organ function, quality of life and life expectancy gained through use of immunosuppressant therapy, there may be increased long-term risk of cervical neoplasia and cancer and the need for more intense screening, surveillance, and management. Although guidance for CC screening among HIV-infected women (see Table 1) has been supported by evidence from retrospective and prospective studies, recommendations for CC screening among non-HIV immunosuppressed women remains limited because quality evidence is lacking. Read More

Curr Diab Rep 2019 Mar 23;19(5):22. Epub 2019 Mar 23.

Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Purpose Of Review: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs when there is destruction of beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas due to autoimmunity. It is considered a complex disease, and different complications can surface and worsen the condition if T1D is not managed well. Since it is an incurable disease, numerous treatments and therapies have been postulated in order to control T1D by balancing hyperglycemia control while minimizing hypoglycemic episodes. Read More

J Palliat Med 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

2 Department of Palliative Care, Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is rising with an increased risk of developing it as a person ages. Therefore, more persons will have comorbid DM throughout their health journey and are potentially prone to unpleasant symptoms associated with poor glycemic control at the end of life (EOL). We performed an in-depth literature review to examine evidence-based recommendations on DM management at the EOL. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Mar 12;8(3). Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul 03722, Korea.

The 1858T allele in the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) locus shows one of the strongest and most consistent genetic associations with autoimmune diseases. We synthesized all meta-analyses reporting a genetic association of the PTPN22 1858T C/T polymorphism with autoimmune diseases. This work examined their validity to discover false positive results under Bayesian methods. Read More

J Epidemiol Community Health 2019 Mar 12. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Diabetes and Environment Program, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 94924, USA

This narrative review summarises recently published epidemiological and in vivo experimental studies on exposure to environmental chemicals and their potential role in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). These studies focus on a variety of environmental chemical exposures, including to air pollution, arsenic, some persistent organic pollutants, pesticides, bisphenol A and phthalates. Of the 15 epidemiological studies identified, 14 include measurements of exposures during childhood, 2 include prenatal exposures and 1 includes adults over age 21. Read More

J Forensic Leg Med 2019 Apr 26;63:34-39. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark. Electronic address:

Purpose: To report a case in which autopsy findings and data from an insulin pump illustrate the course up to the death of a 31-year-old man with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus who was found dead in his apartment with his insulin pump disassembled and placed in another room.

Methods: Autopsy findings including histological, toxicological and biochemical examination are presented. Postmortem download of data from the insulin pump gave the history of the pump, which included blood glucose, insulin bolus, carbohydrate intake and the time course in the days to death, and the pump settings were recorded. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2019 Mar 6. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Institute of nuclear science Vinca, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Belgrade. Serbia.

Background: . Insulin is essential for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and necessary in numerous cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prolonged administration of anti-diabetic therapy is necessary for the maintenance of the normal glucose levels and thereby preventing vascular complications. Read More

Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019 Apr 19;28(4):377-388. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Introduction: DPP-4 inhibitors have pleomorphic effects that extend beyond the anti-hyperglycemic labeled use of the drug. DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated promising renal protective effects in T2DM and T1DM and protective effects against immune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in T1DM. Areas covered: The efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease and possible adjunct with insulin in the treatment of T1DM to preserve beta-cell function. Read More

Paediatr Child Health 2019 Feb 7;24(1):e51-e56. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta.

Objective: To survey adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) about their knowledge and application of harm-reduction recommendations when they engage in alcohol and other illicit substance use.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey and chart review of adolescents with T1DM aged 13 to 18 years.

Results: One hundred and ninety patients were approached and 164 were included in the analysis. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Feb 27. Epub 2019 Feb 27.

Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; University of Manchester, Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine, Manchester, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background: The benefits and risks of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI) in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who fast during Ramadan are not known.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies conducted in PubMed, Embase (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library. Quality of included studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool for risk of bias assessment and analyses were performed using RevMan version 5. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Feb 26;150:27-37. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Background: Mobile health is the use of mobile technology in developing healthcare, with the aim of reminding and motivating patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle. We conducted a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of text-messaging interventions on HbA1c in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Two authors independently searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Register of Randomized Control Trials and PsychInfo. Read More

Immunobiology 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Div. of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

The incidence of pregnancy complications in women with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is greater than in healthy pregnant women. This has mostly been attributed to hyperglycemia. However, despite the implementation of stricter guidelines regarding glycemic control, pregnancy complications remain more common in women with T1D. Read More

Pediatr Res 2019 Feb 26. Epub 2019 Feb 26.

Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.

Background: Immunothrombosis is a physiological process based on the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to immobilise, contain and kill bacteria. This is an innate immune response in which the local activation of blood coagulation exerts the critical protective function during microbial infection. In recent years, there has been much interest in the adult literature about the key role of immunothrombosis in pathologic states including thrombosis, cancer, sepsis and trauma. Read More

Front Immunol 2019 5;10:79. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

SOTIO a.s., Prague, Czechia.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by long standing hyperglycemia leading to numerous life-threatening complications. For type 1 diabetes mellitus, resulting from selective destruction of insulin producing cells by exaggerated immune reaction, the only effective therapy remains exogenous insulin administration. Despite accurate compliance to treatment of certain patients, transient episodes of hyperglycemia cannot be completely eliminated by this symptomatic treatment. Read More

Diabetes Metab J 2019 Feb;43(1):3-30

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.

The burden of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is expected to increase due to the diabetes epidemic and its early and widespread appearance. CAN has a definite prognostic role for mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. Putative mechanisms for this are tachycardia, QT interval prolongation, orthostatic hypotension, reverse dipping, and impaired heart rate variability, while emerging mechanisms like inflammation support the pervasiveness of autonomic dysfunction. Read More

J Biomater Appl 2019 Apr 21;33(9):1252-1264. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

2 Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious disease comprising approximately 10% of all diabetes cases, and the global incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is steadily rising without any promise of a cure in the near future. Although islet transplantation has proven to be an effective means of treating type 1 diabetes mellitus and promoting insulin independence in patients, its widespread implementation has been severely constrained by instances of post-transplantation islet cell death, rejection, and severe adverse immune responses. Islet encapsulation is an active area of research aimed at shielding implanted islets from immunological rejection and inflammation while still allowing for effective insulin and nutrient exchange with donor cells. Read More

Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019 Apr 18;15(4):341-348. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

a The Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation , Newport Coast , CA , USA.

Introduction: Although premixed fixed ratio NPH insulin products are commonly used in type 2 diabetes patients, the advent of Glargine insulin which cannot be formulated together with a rapid-acting insulin (basal-bolus) has largely eliminated premixed insulin from use in type 1 diabetes. Degludec insulin can be formulated together with Aspart insulin in a 70/30 fixed ratio product. We review the potential use of Degludec-Aspart in type 1 diabetes. Read More

Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2018 Oct-Dec;14(4):257-265

HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS.

Type 2 diabetes negatively impacts heart failure outcomes. Insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, and altered cellular substrate metabolism each have a mechanistic role. Management strategies focused solely on glycemic control have had limited success. Read More

Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2018 Oct-Dec;14(4):251-256

HOUSTON METHODIST HOSPITAL, HOUSTON, TEXAS.

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a severely debilitating yet underdiagnosed condition in patients with diabetes. The prevalence can range from 2.5% (based on the primary prevention cohort in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) to as high as 90% of patients with type 1 diabetes. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2019 Feb;21(2):176-179

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Care Center Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.

The patient was a female infant aged 1 month and 29 days. She was admitted to the hospital due to convulsions for 6 days and increased blood glucose level for 5 days. She had unstable blood glucose levels. Read More

J Clin Med 2019 Feb 15;8(2). Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Regenerative Medicine & Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by the autoimmune targeting of pancreatic β-cells, and, in the advanced stage, severe hypoinsulinemia due to islet destruction. In patients with T1DM, continuous exogenous insulin therapy cannot be avoided. However, an insufficient dose of insulin easily induces extreme hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis, and intensive insulin therapy may cause hypoglycemic symptoms including hypoglycemic shock. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019 Feb 16. Epub 2019 Feb 16.

Department of Internal Medicine, Setif University Hospital, Algeria.

Objective: The aims of this study are to describe the behaviour of an Algerian population with diabetes and the consequences of fasting.

Methods: In 2017, a prospective multicenter study was conducted in 26 counties before and after fasting. The study concerned 901 patients with 836 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 65 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Read More

PLoS One 2019 14;14(2):e0212329. Epub 2019 Feb 14.

Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.

Background And Aims: Experimental data suggest that the HLA-DQ2 gene dose has a strong quantitative effect on clinical outcomes and severity of celiac disease (CD). We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis with systematic review to investigate the association between HLA-DQB1*02 gene doses and the characteristics of CD.

Methods: We searched seven medical databases for studies discussing HLA-DQB1 gene dose in CD and various disease characteristics, such as clinical presentation, histology, age at diagnosis, and comorbidities. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2019 Feb 12;20(3). Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, D-89019 Ulm, Germany.

In the state of insulin deficiency, the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I (GH⁻IGF-I) axis is altered due to hepatic GH resistance, which leads to GH hypersecretion and low circulating IGF-I concentration. On the other hand, both growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and GH excess have significant influence on carbohydrate metabolism. These complex interactions are challenging in diagnosing GHD in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and in treating subjects with T1DM with GH. Read More

Korean J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb;33(1):46-53

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetic retinopathy requiring panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and the visual prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, comprising 103 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy who underwent PRP from 1996 to 2005. Read More

Drug Discov Today 2019 03 6;24(3):737-748. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece. Electronic address:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder that decimates pancreatic β-cells which produce insulin. Direct pancreatic islet transplantation cannot serve as a widespread therapeutic modality owing to the need for lifelong immunosuppression and donor shortage. Therefore, several encapsulation techniques have been developed to enclose the islets in semipermeable vehicles that will allow oxygen and nutrient input as well as insulin, other metabolites and waste output, while accomplishing immunoisolation. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019 31;7:2050313X19827734. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Occurrence of early nephrotic syndrome in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients is extremely rare. Herein, we report the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented to our pediatric nephrology clinic with generalized edema. He had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 9 and had been treated with regular insulin. Read More

Telemed J E Health 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

1 Graduate Program in Applied Computing, Institute of Exact Sciences and Geosciences, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.

Background: In the daily routine of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the patients deal with many data and consider many variables to perform actions, decisions, and regimen adjustments. There is a need to apply filtering techniques to extract relevant information and provide appropriate data visualization methods to assist in clinical tasks and decision making.

Objective: To present Soins DM, a mobile health tool, for monitoring the linkage among treatment factors of T1DM with an interactive data visualization approach. Read More

Acad Radiol 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Bernal Institute, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94T9PX, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94T9PX, Ireland.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia, owing to the loss of pancreatic β cells in response to an autoimmune reaction leading to a state of absolute insulin deficiency. T1DM treatment is shifting from exogenous insulin replacement therapy toward pancreatic β-cell replacement, to restore physiologically responsive insulin secretion to variations in blood glucose levels. β-cell replacement strategies include human whole pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation with cell encapsulation and bioengineered pancreas. Read More

Am J Stem Cells 2018 1;7(5):104-113. Epub 2018 Dec 1.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC 20007, USA.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body destroys its pancreatic β cells. Since these cells are responsible for insulin production, dysfunction or destruction of these cells necessitates blood glucose control through exogenous insulin shots. Curative treatment involves pancreas transplantation, but due to the incidence of transplant rejection and complications associated with immunosuppression, alternatives are being explored. Read More

J Family Community Med 2019 Jan-Apr;26(1):57-60

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

With a concomitant increase in immune-related diseases such as allergic diseases, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and other immune-related responses such as immunodeficiency, various infectious, diseases, vaccines, and malignancies, it has become very important to have a well-balanced and properly functioning immune system for the maintenance of human health. Recent scientific research has strongly suggested propolis as one of the most promising immunomodulation agents. This review describes recent findings with respect to propolis and its ingredients that show potential in this respect and evaluate their potential mechanisms. Read More

Diabetes Metab J 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Divison of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background: A latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) cause chronic inflammation through undesirable inflation of cell-mediated immune response. CMV immunoglobulin G has been associated with cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus. We evaluated impact of CMV diseases on new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Read More

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2019 Feb 24;28(2):234-243. Epub 2019 Jan 24.

Global Epidemiology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.

Purpose: To develop and validate algorithms to classify diabetes type in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with DM.

Method: Data from the United States Department of Defense health system were used to identify patients aged 10 to 18 years with incident DM. Two independent sets of 200 children were randomly sampled for algorithm development and validation. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Jan 21. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.

Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cell is a special type of T regulatory cells with surface molecular markers such as lymphocyte-activation gene 3 and CD49b. A key property of Tr1 cells is the capability to produce high-level interleukin 10 (IL-10) upon activation, in a FOXP3-independent manner. The immunosuppressive function of IL-10 producing Tr1 cells has been extensively studied for many years. Read More

Indian J Community Med 2018 Oct-Dec;43(4):316-319

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Venkateshwar Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Background: In spite of the large number of people with Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in India, India is not a diabetes-friendly society. The society suffers from lots of myths regarding diabetes and insulin use. This review highlights challenges faced by young people living with T1DM with regards to marriage, associated diabetes distress, and suggests potential solutions. Read More

Rev Med Microbiol 2019 Jan 1;30(1):1-17. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.

There are 425 million people with diabetes mellitus in the world. By 2045, this figure will grow to over 600 million. Diabetes mellitus is classified among noncommunicable diseases. Read More

Endocr Rev 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

R. Paul Robertson, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus and viceversa. This review critically discusses the different underlying mechanisms linking type 1 and 2 diabetes and thyroid dysfunction to demonstrate that the association of these two common disorders is unlikely a simple coincidence. Read More

Curr Diabetes Rev 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor. Malaysia.

Background: The incidence of diabetes is increasing steeply; the number of diabetics has doubled over the past three decades. Surprisingly, the knowledge of type 3c diabetes mellitus (T3cDM) is still unclear to the researchers, scientist and medical practitioners, leading towards erroneous diagnosis, which is sometimes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), or more frequently type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review is aimed to outline recent information on the etiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic management of T3cDM patients. Read More