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Pediatr Clin North Am 2020 Aug 11;67(4):661-664. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address:

Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus for pediatric and young adult patients is well suited for telehealth. Diabetes management requires frequent communication with health care providers as well as the interpretation of many types of data that can be measured in the home and shared virtually to the provider by the patient. Telehealth technologies allow for a safe alternative and/or addition to in-person care for youth with diabetes. Read More

Stem Cell Res Ther 2020 Jul 8;11(1):275. Epub 2020 Jul 8.

Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease in young patients and is characterized by the loss of pancreatic β cells; as a result, the body becomes insulin deficient and hyperglycemic. Administration or injection of exogenous insulin cannot mimic the endogenous insulin secreted by a healthy pancreas. Pancreas and islet transplantation have emerged as promising treatments for reconstructing the normal regulation of blood glucose in T1DM patients. Read More

Curr Obes Rep 2020 Jul 6. Epub 2020 Jul 6.

Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.

Purpose Of Review: During the last decades, obesity and autoimmune disorders have shown a parallel significant rise in industrialized countries. This review aims at providing a comprehensive update of the relationship between the adipose tissue in obesity and autoimmune disorders, highlighting the underlying mechanisms with a particular emphasis on adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the impaired B cell activity, and the production of natural and pathogenic autoantibody repertoire in the context of obesity.

Recent Findings: Obesity is related to a higher risk of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while it may promote inflammatory bowel disorders and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Read More

J Neurooncol 2020 Jul 5. Epub 2020 Jul 5.

Dana Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Boston, MA, USA.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibition through PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade has shown efficacy in some adult malignancies and generated interest in pediatrics, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We describe our experience with immune checkpoint inhibition in recurrent/refractory pediatric CNS tumors.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory CNS tumors treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab and/or pembrolizumab at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Hospital between 2018 and 2019. Read More

Eye Vis (Lond) 2020 18;7:33. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches. Read More

Expert Rev Med Devices 2020 Jul 3:1-14. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, UK.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong disease with high management burden. The majority of people with type 1 diabetes fail to achieve glycemic targets. Algorithm-driven automated insulin delivery (closed-loop) systems aim to address these challenges. Read More

Health Technol Assess 2020 Jun;24(28):1-232

Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

Background: For people with diabetes mellitus to achieve optimal glycaemic control, motivation to perform self-management is important. The research team wanted to determine whether or not psychological interventions are clinically effective and cost-effective in increasing self-management and improving glycaemic control.

Objectives: The first objective was to determine the clinical effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and people with type 2 diabetes mellitus so that they have improved (1) glycated haemoglobin levels, (2) diabetes self-management and (3) quality of life, and fewer depressive symptoms. Read More

Oncologist 2020 Jun 21. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the armamentarium of cancer therapies has resulted in unprecedented improvement in clinical outcomes for a vast range of malignancies. Because they interfere with the physiologic function of immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, to promote self-tolerance, these agents are associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune-mediated endocrinopathies are among the most commonly noted irAEs. Read More

Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2020 May 22:e1645. Epub 2020 May 22.

Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking islet cells. T1D, with a long prediabetes period, and the incidence of T1D increases with age during childhood and peaks at 10-14 years. And once it gets overt, it requires lifelong insulin replace treatment. Read More

J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020 Jun 21;19(1):545-550. Epub 2020 May 21.

Mankar College, Mankar, India.

Objectives: The proposed review aims to compare the efficacy and safety profile of empagliflozin 25 mg with its lower dosages and placebo, respectively, in insulin-treated type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Methods: Double-blinded randomized controlled trials comparing the above outcomes will be searched primarily in three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Scopus) and eligible trials will be included in the proposed review. Then, from the trials recruited in the review, data of the study design, participants, interventions compared, and outcomes of interest will be extracted. Read More

Acta Clin Belg 2020 Jun 16:1-5. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d'Endocrinologie et Nutrition , Brussels, Belgium.

Objective: Recent publications on Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) report that diabetic people with or without co-morbidities are at higher risk of developing severe and/or fatal illnesses.

Method And Result: We report the first case of a 60-year-old man with a 27-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, infected by SARS-CoV-2 presenting with an euglycaemic ketoacidosis and an acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion:  This case report reminds us of the importance of adjusting more recent glucose-lowering drugs, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, in the overall management of type 1 diabetic individuals during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. Read More

AACE Clin Case Rep 2020 May-Jun;6(3):e132-e134. Epub 2020 May 11.

Objective: To report a massive increase in subcutaneous insulin requirements following spinal cord injury in a type 1 diabetic and how it was managed over a 22-month period with pramlintide.

Methods: A case report and brief literature review is presented.

Results: The patient is a 43-year-old male who was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at age 18. Read More

Rev Med Suisse 2020 Jun;16(697):1191-1196

Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et métabolisme, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Pump therapy has existed for over 40 years and provides a more flexible delivery of insulin. To date, almost 25% of type 1 diabetic patients have chosen this therapeutic option. In recent years, it has also been offered to patients with type 2 insulin-requiring diabetes. Read More

Dig Dis Sci 2020 Jun 5. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, MR-4 Bldg, 409 Lane Rd., Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible patients. CD is often diagnosed by a "case-finding" approach of symptomatic patients. In recent times, the diagnostic paradigm has shifted to investigate patients who may be asymptomatic, but are at high risk of developing CD due to shared genetic susceptibilities. Read More

Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020 Apr;23(4):406-415

Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major worldwide public health challenge, for which gene therapy offers a potential therapeutic approach. To date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been published in this area, so we examined all relevant published studies on rodents to elucidate the overall effects of gene therapy on bodyweight, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), fasting blood glucose, and insulin in animals with type 1 DM. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for potentially relevant studies. Read More

Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020 Jul;63(7):856-863

Interdisziplinäres Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité, Berlin, Deutschland.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in children and adolescents below age 15 years. A cure for the autoimmune disease against the insulin-secreting beta cells is still not in sight. Nevertheless, in recent years technical advances in innovation concerning glucose sensor technology, insulin pumps, and new algorithms that regulate insulin delivery have led to a constant improvement of metabolic control achieved in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Read More

Andrologia 2020 Jun 1:e13639. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.

A review of the literature indicated that sirtuin-1 expression, a regulator of nitric oxide bioavailability in erectile dysfunction (ED) after melatonin therapy, has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin for erectile function with sirtuin-1 protein expression in type 1 diabetic rat models. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were placed into five groups. Read More

Endocr J 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Medicine (DIMED), Endocrinology Unit, Padua University, Padua, Italy.

Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a rare condition occurring either in isolation or associated with other autoimmune diseases as part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type 1, 2 or 4. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1, 2 or 4 is a hereditary autosomal dominant cancer syndrome. Medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma are neoplasms common to MEN-2a and MEN-2b. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 26;12(4):e7836. Epub 2020 Apr 26.

Pediatric Endocrinology, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, USA.

Background In the recent years, controversy has emerged regarding the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the potential effects it could have on glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency in pediatric patients with T1D from a single, large volume practice. Methods This was a retrospective chart review that collected clinical/demographic data as well as serum 25(OH) D levels from medical records of 395 children between the ages of 3 and 18 years with T1D followed at Nemours Children's Hospital. Read More

Paediatr Drugs 2020 May 25. Epub 2020 May 25.

Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Pediatric Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the end result of insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Loss of insulin production leads to profound catabolism with increased gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, and muscle proteolysis causing hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis. High levels of counter-regulatory hormones lead to enhanced ketogenesis and the release of 'ketone bodies' into the circulation, which dissociate to release hydrogen ions and cause an overwhelming acidosis. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 2020 ;1253:223-257

Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the interaction between genetic alterations and environmental factors. More than 60 susceptible genes or loci of T1D have been identified. Among them, HLA regions are reported to contribute about 50% of genetic susceptibility in Caucasians. Read More

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2020 May 17. Epub 2020 May 17.

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia.

Background & Objective: The interlink between diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been identified by several researchers. Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are found to be affected with cognitive impairments leading to learning and memory deficit, while patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) showed less severe levels of these impairments in the brain. This review aimed to discuss the connection between insulin with the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (AD and PD) and the current therapeutic approached mediated through insulin for management of neurodegenerative diseases. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2020 May 15. Epub 2020 May 15.

Hellenic Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Women with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) diagnosed prior to pregnancy are classified as having pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM). The prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy has been estimated at 17% globally and 5.4% in Europe, differences existing among racial and ethnic groups, following the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Read More

J Peripher Nerv Syst 2020 Jun;25(2):76-84

Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most widespread and disabling neurological conditions, accounting for half of all neuropathy cases worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, no approved disease modifying therapies exist. There is now a growing body of evidence that DPN secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents different disease processes, with T2DM DPN best understood within the context of metabolic syndrome rather than hyperglycemia. Read More

Biochem Soc Trans 2020 Jun;48(3):915-931

Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are the two most common autoimmune endocrine diseases that have rising global incidence. These diseases are caused by the immune-mediated destruction of hormone-producing endocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells and thyroid follicular cells, respectively. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors govern the onset of T1D and HT. Read More

Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020 Jul 12;16(7):349-362. Epub 2020 May 12.

ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of diabetes mellitus - type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the mechanisms behind β-cell failure is critical to prevent or revert disease. Basic pathogenic differences exist in the two forms of diabetes mellitus; T1DM is immune mediated and T2DM is mediated by metabolic mechanisms. Read More

Diabetes Technol Ther 2020 Jun 18;22(6):454-461. Epub 2020 May 18.

Diabetes in Pregnancy Team, Cambridge University Hospitals, Addenbrookes' Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Pregnant women with diabetes are identified as being more vulnerable to the severe effects of COVID-19 and advised to stringently follow social distancing measures. Here, we review the management of diabetes in pregnancy before and during the lockdown. Majority of antenatal diabetes and obstetric visits are provided remotely, with pregnant women attending hospital clinics only for essential ultrasound scans and labor and delivery. Read More

Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020 May 10:e3334. Epub 2020 May 10.

Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.

Background: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasing among youth worldwide, translating to an increased risk ofearly-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mounting studies have shown that metformin may reduce maximal carotidintima-media thickness (cIMT), improve insulin resistance and metabolic control in subjects with T1DM, and thus, may extend cardioprotective benefits. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of metformin added to insulin therapy on reducing CVD risks and improving metabolism in T1DM. Read More

J Hypertens 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

University Milano-Bicocca and Policlinico di Monza, Milan, Italy.

Background: Microneurographic recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) have shown that sympathetic activation may characterize diabetes mellitus. However, it is recognized that comorbidities and metabolic abnormalities frequently associated with both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diabetes affect MSNA, generating potential confounding effects and making the association between sympathetic activation and diabetes mellitus still a controversial matter.

Methods: The present meta-analysis evaluated 11 microneurographic studies enrolling 314 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy controls, and MSNA was chosen as the main variable of interest. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(18):e20000

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Rationale: Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), also referred as the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), is a rare autosomal inherited disease predominantly among Caucasians from Northern Europe. This syndrome is very rare in East Asian population.

Patients Concerns: Here, we describe a case of a 15-year-old Chinese boy admitted due to a 1-month history of intermittent fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Read More

Cell Prolif 2020 May 27;53(5):e12785. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Biotalentum Ltd, Hungary, Godollo, Hungary.

Regenerative medicine using human or porcine β-cells or islets has an excellent potential to become a clinically relevant method for the treatment of type-1 diabetes. High-resolution imaging of the function and faith of transplanted porcine pancreatic islets and human stem cell-derived beta cells in large animals and patients for testing advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is a currently unmet need for pre-clinical/clinical trials. The iNanoBIT EU H2020 project is developing novel highly sensitive nanotechnology-based imaging approaches allowing for monitoring of survival, engraftment, proliferation, function and whole-body distribution of the cellular transplants in a porcine diabetes model with excellent translational potential to humans. Read More

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020 06 23;8(6):546-550. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.

Diabetes is one of the most important comorbidities linked to the severity of all three known human pathogenic coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of severe complications including Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multi-organ failure. Depending on the global region, 20-50% of patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had diabetes. Read More

Diabet Med 2020 07 5;37(7):1094-1102. Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Professor of Diabetes, University Hospital Birmingham, UK.

The month of Ramadan forms one of the five pillars of the Muslim faith. Adult Muslims are obligated to keep daily fasts from dawn to sunset, with exceptions. This year Ramadan is due to begin on 23 April 2020 and the longest fast in the UK will be approximately 18 hours in length. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 Apr 19;21(8). Epub 2020 Apr 19.

Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, 60-834 Poznan, Poland.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease involving changes to energy metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes complications. Hyperglycemia induces mechanisms that generate the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, leading to the development of oxidative stress. Read More

Endocr J 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.

Stem cells (SCs) therapy is a new promising therapeutic modality for type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cells transplantation (SCT) in patients with T1DM. We searched five literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, WanFang and CENTRAL) up to 31 October 2019. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2020 Apr 16;9(4). Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA.

Permanent pancreatic islet cell destruction occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) through the infiltration of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Loss of β-cell integrity secondary to oxidation leads to an inability to appropriately synthesize and secrete insulin. Allogenic islet cell transplantation (ICT) has risen as a therapeutic option to mitigate problematic hypoglycemia. Read More

J Diabetes Res 2020 26;2020:8954125. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Department of Family Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Section 2, Zhongshan North Road, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) causes the irreversible destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can modulate the immune response and decelerate disease progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the BCG vaccine for the treatment of T1DM. Read More

Eur J Endocrinol 2020 Jul;183(1):R1-R11

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Concurrent type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Addison's disease (AD) is a rare combination of diseases and, in approximately one third of these patients, it is also combined with an autoimmune thyroid disease. Recently, it was shown that patients with both T1D and AD have a higher risk of premature death compared to patients with T1D alone, the most common causes of death being due to diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. These patients receiving replacement therapies with both insulin and glucocorticoids face an increased risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis and have a higher risk of adrenal crisis than patients with AD alone. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2020 Jul 13;84:106499. Epub 2020 Apr 13.

Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China. Electronic address:

Follicular T helper (TFH) cells are a unique subset of CD4 T cells. Their main function is to participate in the formation of germinal centres (GC) and help B cells produce antibodies for involvement in humoral immune responses. TFH cell dysregulation can cause various autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis. Read More

Endocr Rev 2020 06;41(3)

From the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario, Canada.

Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk for bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (also referred to as COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic highlights the importance of understanding shared disease pathophysiology potentially informing therapeutic choices in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Two coronavirus receptor proteins, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) are also established transducers of metabolic signals and pathways regulating inflammation, renal and cardiovascular physiology, and glucose homeostasis. Read More

Cureus 2020 Mar 13;12(3):e7263. Epub 2020 Mar 13.

Research, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, PAK.

Background: Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A), discovered through bioinformatics, is identified as another major biomarker for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), expanding the panel of diagnostic autoantibodies. The absence of standard autoantibodies in T1DM patients and the presence of ZnT8A in individuals before disease development has led the researchers to evaluate ZnT8A to gather information about the frequency and its association. Therefore, we aim to find out the concentration of ZnT8A and its association with T1DM. Read More

Pediatr Diabetes 2020 Aug 20;21(5):871-877. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Background: Awareness of comorbid depression in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients is necessary to optimize health and diabetes care. Depression can occur or recur requiring regular review for depression symptoms. A validated tool to screen adolescents for symptoms of depression is the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 Modified for Teens (PHQ9 ). Read More

Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020 Apr 9:e3318. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.

Aim: To assess the association of seasonal and perinatal parameters with early age of type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset.

Methods: A cross-sectional review of all medical records of T1D patients born between the years 1990 and 2005, and diagnosed before/by the age of 10 years, from 13 university-affiliated paediatric medical centres in Israel, was performed. Data included: gender, ethnicity, seasons of birth and disease onset, birth gestational age and weight, and autoimmune diseases of the probands and their first-degree family members. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2020 Apr 7. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia. United States.

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes mellitus is considered the 7th leading cause of death from as of 2016, whilealmost half of all deaths related to high blood glucose occur before the age of 70. According to the 2019 American Diabetes Association's (ADA) guidelines, metformin is the first-line treatment for patients with Type 2 diabetes. Additional therapy is dependent on multiple patientspecific factors including cardiovascular risks, risk of hypoglycemia, metabolic changes, and cost. Read More

Emerg Med Australas 2020 Jun 7;32(3):371-376. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Department of Endocrinology, Mater Health Services Brisbane, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus, is a common cause of presentation to EDs. Two new drug classes have been found to cause ketoacidosis with distinctive presentations. The sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus may present with ketoacidosis with normal glucose levels. Read More

World J Gastroenterol 2020 Mar;26(12):1365-1381

Scientific Direction, Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia 27100, Italy.

Background: Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder, in which the HLA immunogenetic background (DQ2 and DQ8 heterodimers) and environmental trigger (gluten) are well established. Indeed, both factors are necessary - but not sufficient - to develop CD. However, it is very likely that CD is underdiagnosed in both developing and developed countries, due to several aspects, including the fact that a lot of patients present mild and/or atypical symptoms, without the presence of any recognized risk factors. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Mar 31;12(4). Epub 2020 Mar 31.

German Nutrition Society, 53175 Bonn, Germany.

Evidence is accumulating that vitamin D may have beneficial effects on respiratory tract, autoimmune, neuro-degenerative, and mental diseases. The present umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs), plus single Mendelian randomisation studies aims to update current knowledge on the potential role of vitamin D in preventing and treating these extraskeletal diseases. Altogether, 73 SRs were identified. Read More