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Niger J Clin Pract 2021 Jun;24(6):841-846

Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Background: Obesity is an important cosmopolitan cause of morbidity in children and adolescence age groups. Information on obesity in this age group in Nigeria is scant.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of obesity and the associated morbidities seen at the Paediatric Endocrinology clinic of Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, South West, Nigeria. Read More

Autoimmun Rev 2021 Jun 10:102873. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.

In the past years, translational approaches have led to early-stage clinical trials assessing safety and efficacy of tolerance-inducing cell-based treatments in patients. This review aims to determine if tolerance-inducing cell-based therapies, including dendritic cells, regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem cells, are safe in adult patients who underwent organ transplantation or in those with autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 1, Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Immunological and clinical outcomes were reviewed, to provide evidence for proof-of-concept and efficacy. Read More

Endocr Pract 2021 Jun;27(6):505-537

Unger Primary Care Concierge Medical Group, Rancho Cucamonga, California.

Objective: To provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of advanced technology in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus to clinicians, diabetes-care teams, health care professionals, and other stakeholders.

Methods: The American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) conducted literature searches for relevant articles published from 2012 to 2021. A task force of medical experts developed evidence-based guideline recommendations based on a review of clinical evidence, expertise, and informal consensus, according to established AACE protocol for guideline development. Read More

Qual Life Res 2021 Jun 10. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop and test a cognitive dimension as a bolt-on for the German version of the EQ-5D-Y (Youth).

Methods: A literature review and six focus groups with children and adolescents were used to develop the cognitive dimension for the EQ-5D-Y. In a two-phase pretest, the acceptability, feasibility and performance of this dimension were assessed (phase 1: qualitative face-to-face interviews, phase 2: standard pretest in a clinical setting). Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(19):e25795

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism.

Rationale: Sintilimab is a novel programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibitor approved in the treatment of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma and undergoing clinical trials for various malignancies. As a PD-1 inhibitor, sintilimab is known to cause autoimmune adverse events similar to other PD-1 inhibitors. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a rare but severe adverse event of this therapy. Read More

Cien Saude Colet 2021 May;26(5):1691-1700

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Ceará (Fiocruz Ceará). Eusébio CE Brasil.

Self-care is encouraged in the type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) setting. Thus, this research aimed to develop and validate a mobile application (APP) to promote self-care for adolescents with DM1. The method was divided into two stages: development and validation, ranging from literature review, benchmarking, prototype construction to validation by specialists. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 May 28;22(11). Epub 2021 May 28.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.

Asthma and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two of the most frequent chronic diseases in children, representing a model of the atopic and autoimmune diseases respectively. These two groups of disorders are mediated by different immunological pathways, T helper (Th)1 for diabetes and Th2 for asthma. For many years, these two groups were thought to be mutually exclusive according to the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Read More

Nutrients 2021 May 23;13(6). Epub 2021 May 23.

Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland.

Overweight and obesity are an increasingly common problem, not only among the healthy population, but also in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Excess body weight is related to many cardiometabolic complications as well as a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a concise and critical overview of the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1DM and, ultimately, to discuss prevention and treatment options. Read More

J Clin Med 2021 May 10;10(9). Epub 2021 May 10.

Service of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin belong to a class of antidiabetic treatments referred to as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors, or SGLT2is). SGLT2is are currently indicated in North America and in Europe in type 2 diabetes mellitus, especially in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease, high CV risk, heart failure, or renal disease. In Europe, dapagliflozin is also approved as an adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 May 9;10(5). Epub 2021 May 9.

Second Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.

Recent reports have demonstrated the association between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and increased morbidity and mortality rates during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection, setting a priority of these patients for vaccination. Impaired innate and adaptive immunity observed in T1DM seem to play a major role. Severe, life-threatening COVID-19 disease is characterized by the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as a "cytokine storm". Read More

J Evid Based Dent Pract 2021 Mar 23;21(1):101496. Epub 2020 Sep 23.

Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China. Electronic address:

Introduction: 
The association between dental caries, salivary alterations, and type-1 diabetes mellitus (D1TM) remains inconclusive in children and adolescents. This systematic review evaluated the caries status and salivary alterations of children and adolescents suffering from D1TM.

Methods: Meta-analysis searched from 5 electronic databases was performed considering the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), decay-missing-filled surfaces, and decay-missing-filled primary teeth (dmft) index for caries and the stimulated flow rate, unstimulated flow rate, and buffering capacity for salivary alterations. Read More

Drugs 2021 Jun;81(9):1115-1120

Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.

Dasiglucagon (Zegalogue) is an antihypoglycaemic agent being developed by Zealand Pharma for the treatment of hypoglycaemia, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management and congenital hyperinsulinism. In March 2021, dasiglucagon received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of severe hypoglycaemia in paediatric and adult patients with diabetes aged 6 years and above. Dasiglucagon, a glucagon analogue, is available as a single-dose autoinjector or prefilled syringe for subcutaneous injection. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 May;9(15):3787-3795

Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Very rarely does DKA lead to cerebral edema, and it is even rarer for it to result in cerebral infarction. Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion (BICAO) is also rare and can cause fatal stroke. Read More

Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021 Jun 24;6(3):196-210. Epub 2021 May 24.

Phytoimmunomodulation Research Group, Juan N. Corpas University Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia.

Cannabinoids such as ▵-9-THC and CBD can downregulate the immune response by modulating the endocannabinoid system. This modulation is relevant for the treatment of prevalent autoimmune diseases (ADs), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), diabetes mellitus type 1 (DMT1), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These conditions require new therapeutic options with fewer side effects for the control of the autoimmune response. Read More

Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2021 Jun 20;18(3):217-225. Epub 2021 May 20.

The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Aims: To synthesize evidence about the impact of Internet and phone-based diabetes education and management on metabolic control, self-management behavior changes, and psychological effects among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Background: Internet and mobile technologies were commonly used to improve diabetes management among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effectiveness of new technology-based diabetes education and management has previously not been synthesized. Read More

Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021 May 20:e3476. Epub 2021 May 20.

IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.

Aims: Diabetes is emerging as a risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 prognosis. However, contradictory findings have been reported regarding the impact of glycaemic control on COVID-19 outcome. The aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the impact of hospital pre-admission or at-admission values of HbA1c on COVID-19 mortality or worsening in patients with diabetes. Read More

Adv Ther 2021 06 19;38(6):3314-3324. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh, 11159, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication associated with poorly managed or undiagnosed diabetes. DKA is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, but can be prevented with appropriate management of diabetes. The FreeStyle Libre is flash glucose monitoring device that measures glucose levels in the interstitial subcutaneous tissue and has been shown to reduce HbA1c, time in hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, as well as improve health-related quality of life. Read More

World J Diabetes 2021 May;12(5):569-577

Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.

Hypoglycemia limits optimal glycemic management of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) is a significant psychosocial consequence that negatively impacts the willingness of T1DM patients to engage in and profit from the health benefits of regular physical activity (, cardiometabolic health, improved body composition, cardiovascular fitness, quality of life). Technological advances, improved insulin regimens, and a better understanding of the physiology of various types of exercise could help ameliorate FoH. Read More

Curr Diab Rep 2021 05 15;21(7):22. Epub 2021 May 15.

Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave. South Suite 1514, Nashville, TN, 37212-3157, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are transforming diabetes management, yet adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not experience the same benefits seen with CGM use in adults. The purpose of this review is to explore advances, challenges, and the financial impact of CGM use in AYA with T1D.

Recent Findings: CGM studies in young adults highlight challenges and suggest unique barriers to CGM use in this population. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 27;12:669986. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Research Division, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States.

The T cell antigens driving autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) have been pursued for more than three decades. When diabetogenic CD4 T cell clones and their relevant MHCII antigen presenting alleles were first identified in rodents and humans, the path to discovering the peptide epitopes within pancreatic beta cell proteins seemed straightforward. However, as experimental results accumulated, definitive data were often absent or controversial. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 26;9:670976. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, Medical School, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Hyperglycemia is a common manifestation in the course of severe disease and is the result of acute metabolic and hormonal changes associated with various factors such as trauma, stress, surgery, or infection. Numerous studies demonstrate the association of adverse clinical events with stress hyperglycemia. This article briefly describes the pathophysiological mechanisms which lead to hyperglycemia under stressful circumstances particularly in the pediatric and adolescent population. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 26;12:672346. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important initiators of the immune response, both innate and acquired. Evidence suggests that gene polymorphisms within TLRs cause malfunctions of certain key TLR-related signaling pathways, which subsequently increases the risk of autoimmune diseases. We illustrate and discuss the current findings on the role of Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms in numerous autoimmune diseases in this review, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2021 26;12:611480. Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the time course and dose effect from metformin on body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents by model-based meta-analysis (MBMA). Searching randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies of metformin on BMI in children and adolescents. The change rates of BMI from baseline values were used as indicator of evaluating metformin efficacy. Read More

Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2021 May 11. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Purpose Of Review: Despite estimated 77 million people having diabetes, bone health in Asian Indians with diabetes is largely unknown. This review summarizes the published literature on fracture risk and factors affecting it in Asian Indians with diabetes.

Recent Findings: Data on fracture prevalence in diabetes is limited; one study showed that diabetes was associated with a significantly higher number of fractures compared with subjects without diabetes (4% vs. Read More

J Investig Med 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

CMU Medical Education Partners, Saginaw, Michigan, USA.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a known complication of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but less common in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients admitted to the hospital with DKA in T1DM versus T2DM. This was a population-based, retrospective, cohort study using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Read More

Curr Diab Rep 2021 05 6;21(6):20. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 2101 6th St SE, Wallin Medical Biosciences Building, 3-146, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory receptor that controls T and B cell proliferation and function through interacting with its ligand PD-L1 or PD-L2. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade reboots anti-tumor immunity and is currently used to treat > 15 different types of cancer. However, the response rate is not at 100% and some patients relapse. Read More

J Phys Act Health 2021 May 5:1-9. Epub 2021 May 5.

Background: The present study aimed to systematically review the literature on the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were accessed in September 2020. Clinical trials that evaluated the effects of physical training on neuromuscular parameters (maximum strength, resistance strength, muscle power, muscle quality, and muscle thickness) of patients with T1DM compared with a control group were considered eligible. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 31;13(3):e14225. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Biostatistics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU.

Background: The risk of congenital anomalies is increased in infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). The most frequent cardiac anomalies in IDMs include ventricular septal defect, transposition of great arteries, and aortic stenosis.

Objective: Estimating the incidence of infants with congenital heart defects (CHD) whose mothers have diabetes in Saudi Arabia at a tertiary hospital in the National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA) system. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 04 30;18(9). Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Division of Medical Genetics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.

Wolfram syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder that is typically characterized by diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. Other common features are diabetes insipidus and hearing loss, but additional less-frequent findings may also be present. The phenotype spectrum is quite wide, and penetrance may be incomplete. Read More

Med J Aust 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service, Cairns, QLD.

Objectives: To assess the quality of care for patients with diabetes in Queensland hospitals, including blood glucose control, rates of hospital-acquired harm, the incidence of insulin prescription and management errors, and appropriate foot and peri-operative care.

Design, Setting: Cross-sectional audit of 27 public hospitals in Queensland: four of five tertiary/quaternary referral centres, four of seven large regional or outer metropolitan hospitals, seven of 13 smaller outer metropolitan or small regional hospitals, and 12 of 88 hospitals in rural or remote locations.

Participants: 850 adult inpatients with diabetes mellitus in medical, surgical, mental health, high dependency, or intensive care wards. Read More