Am J Psychiatry 2017 Jul 28:appiajp201716121417. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

From the Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto; the Medical Genetics Residency Training Program, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; the Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia; the Departments of Pediatrics and of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Centre for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; the Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales; the Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin; the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, King's College London; the Department of Psychiatry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles; Office Médico-Pédagogique Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse; Département de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Marseille - Hôpital de la Timone, Marseilles, France; the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, N.C.; the Department of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; the Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta; Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, Sacramento, Calif.; Molecular Genetics and McLaughlin Centre, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.; and Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.

Objective: Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is associated with a more than 20-fold increased risk for developing schizophrenia. Read More

Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017 Sep 3;17(9):861-870. Epub 2017 Aug 3.

b Department of Pediatrics , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy.

Introduction: Advances in genetics allowed a better definition of the role of specific genetic background in the etiology of syndromic congenital heart defects (CHDs). The identification of a number of disease genes responsible for different syndromes have led to the identification of several transcriptional regulators and signaling transducers and modulators that are critical for heart morphogenesis. Understanding the genetic background of syndromic CHDs allowed a better characterization of the genetic basis of non-syndromic CHDs. Read More

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017 Jun 28;22(2):133-138. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.

Neonatal hypocalcemia and congenital heart defects has been known as the first clinical manifestation of the chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). However, because of its wide clinical spectrum, diagnosis of 22q11DS can be delayed in children without classic symptoms. Read More

Neuroscience 2017 Jul 4;359:1-7. Epub 2017 Jul 4.

Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA; Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA. Electronic address:

DiGeorge/22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS) is a common genetic microdeletion syndrome that underlies several neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. In addition to cognitive impairments, those with 22q11DS have disrupted feeding and swallowing from birth onward. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2017 Jun 28;17(1):107. Epub 2017 Jun 28.

Eye Unit, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Background: We report the ophthalmic findings of a patient with type Ia glycogen storage disease (GSD Ia), DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), cataract and optic nerve head drusen (ONHD).

Case Presentation: A 26-year-old white woman, born at term by natural delivery presented with a post-natal diagnosis of GSD Ia. Genetic testing by array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for DGS was required because of her low levels of serum calcium. Read More

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017 Mar 15;31(2):161-173. Epub 2017 Apr 15.

Endocrinology Service, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

Hypothyroidism may occur in association with congenital parathyroid disorders determining parathyroid hormone insufficiency, which is characterized by hypocalcemia and concomitant inappropriately low secretion of parathormone (PTH). The association is often due to loss of function of genes common to thyroid and parathyroid glands embryonic development. Hypothyroidism associated with hypoparathyroidism is generally mild and not associated with goiter; moreover, it is usually part of a multisystemic involvement not restricted to endocrine function as occurs in patients with 22q11 microdeletion/DiGeorge syndrome, the most frequent disorders. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2017 Sep 19;173(9):2366-2372. Epub 2017 Jun 19.

The Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Philadelphia.

The syndrome originally described by Dr. Angelo DiGeorge had immunodeficiency as a central component. When a 22q11. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2017 Aug 3;173(8):2158-2165. Epub 2017 Jun 3.

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a common genetic disorder with enormous phenotypic heterogeneity. Read More

J Clin Immunol 2017 Jul 24;37(5):476-485. Epub 2017 May 24.

The 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Purpose: Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), the most common cause of DiGeorge syndrome, is quite variable. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017 May;118(5):640-642.e2

Division of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.

Psychiatry Res 2017 Aug 18;254:238-243. Epub 2017 Apr 18.

Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00100 Rome, Italy.

Individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) have high rates of psychotic disorders. Less is known about their psychopathology and how it is treated prior to the peak period of risk for psychotic disorder. There is also a lack of evidence on how functioning is impacted by psychopathology in this population. Read More

Am J Kidney Dis 2017 Jul 26;70(1):8-10. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Duke University School of Medicine and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address:

Epilepsia 2017 Jun 27;58(6):1095-1101. Epub 2017 Apr 27.

Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: Previous studies examining seizures in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) have focused primarily on children and adolescents. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017 May 24;114(19):4981-4986. Epub 2017 Apr 24.

Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030;

The spectrum of congenital anomalies affecting either the upper tract (kidneys and ureters) or lower tract (reproductive organs) of the genitourinary (GU) system are fundamentally linked by the developmental origin of multiple GU tissues, including the kidneys, gonads, and reproductive ductal systems: the intermediate mesoderm. Although ∼31% of DiGeorge/del22q11.2 syndrome patients exhibit GU defects, little focus has been placed on the molecular etiology of GU defects in this syndrome. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2017 Apr 24. Epub 2017 Apr 24.

Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric section, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion is the most common chromosomal alteration associated with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), even though this is not the only underlying cause of DGS. In rare patients, mutations in a single gene, TBX1, have been described resulting in a DGS phenotype. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2017 May 16;173(5):1301-1308. Epub 2017 Feb 16.

Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) has a wide range of clinical features including endocrine abnormalities. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017 Apr 8. Epub 2017 Apr 8.

Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Background: Thymus transplantation is a promising strategy for the treatment of athymic complete DiGeorge syndrome (cDGS).

Methods: Twelve patients with cDGS underwent transplantation with allogeneic cultured thymus.

Objective: We sought to confirm and extend the results previously obtained in a single center. Read More

Reprod Fertil Dev 2017 Apr 12. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Both microRNAs (miRNAs) and endogenous small interfering RNAs (endo-siRNAs) play key regulatory roles in gene expression. Some studies have demonstrated that the function of miRNA is suppressed in mouse oocytes, suggesting that endo-siRNA, not miRNA, is essential for female meiosis. This finding has yet to be confirmed in other species. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2017 Apr;34(2):192-195

Fujian Hospital for Material and Child Health Care, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.

Objective: To establish a method for the prenatal diagnosis of 22q11 microdeletion syndrome.

Methods: BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed on a fetus for whom amniotic chromosomal culturing has failed and a pair of twin fetuses suspected for 22q11 deletion syndrome.

Results: 22q11 microdeletion was detected in all 3 fetuses by prenatal BoBs as well as FISH, with only one red signal detected at the DiGeorge/VCFS N25 site and two green signals on the 22q13. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2017 Apr 2;5(4):486-490. Epub 2017 Mar 2.

Department of Pediatric Hematology OncologyUZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium; Department of PediatricsQueen Paola Children's HospitalAntwerpBelgium.

22q11.2DS is a significant health problem because of its fairly high incidence. It is relevant to be vigilant regarding the diagnosis of cancer amongst 22q11. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017 May 21;96:11-14. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

22q and You and Clinical Genetics Centers, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) presents with complex but variable symptoms, including cardiac, immune, palatal, endocrine, cognitive, and psychiatric issues. Read More

J Speech Lang Hear Res 2017 Apr;60(4):892-896

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.

Purpose: To date, no studies have imaged the velopharynx in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) without the use of sedation. Read More

Neuron 2017 Apr;94(1):153-167.e8

Neurotechnology Center, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

In schizophrenia, brain-wide alterations have been identified at the molecular and cellular levels, yet how these phenomena affect cortical circuit activity remains unclear. We studied two mouse models of schizophrenia-relevant disease processes: chronic ketamine (KET) administration and Df(16)A(+/-), modeling 22q11.2 microdeletions, a genetic variant highly penetrant for schizophrenia. Read More

Intern Med 2017 1;56(7):865-872. Epub 2017 Apr 1.

Department of Internal Medicine, Keiaido Hospital, Japan.

Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) has a very wide phenotypic spectrum that includes dysmorphic features, cardiac anomalies, and hypocalcemia arising from hypoparathyroidism. Read More

Psychiatry Res 2017 Jul 23;253:99-106. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) exhibit a broad array of physical and psychiatric features, of which impaired social cognition and poor social functioning are common. This review seeks to (1) characterize the current understanding of impairment across social cognitive domains in the context of 22q11DS, and (2) synthesize the relevant literature on social cognition and psychosis, given that the prevalence of psychosis in 22q11DS is especially high compared to the general population. Read More

Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2017 Apr;10(4)

From the Departments of Pediatrics (H.B.-H., A.B., B.H., M.L., R.A., A.K., C.A.A., S.B.P., A.S., L.F.P., D.B.M.), Anesthesia (L.D., L.W.-F.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery (F.L.H., D.B.M.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Heart Center Clinical and Translational Research Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot with major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex and heterogeneous condition. Our institutional approach to this lesion emphasizes early complete repair with the incorporation of all lung segments and extensive lobar and segmental pulmonary artery reconstruction.

Methods And Results: We reviewed all patients who underwent surgical intervention for tetralogy of Fallot and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCHS) since November 2001. Read More

PLoS Genet 2017 Mar 27;13(3):e1006687. Epub 2017 Mar 27.

Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS; velo-cardio-facial syndrome; DiGeorge syndrome) is a congenital anomaly disorder in which haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor, is the major candidate for cardiac outflow tract (OFT) malformations. Read More

Eplasty 2016 27;16:e37. Epub 2016 Dec 27.

King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Heterotopic ossification is defined as the formation of trabecular bone that forms outside the normal sites of the skeletal structure, materializing in soft tissue where it does not usually exist. Methods/Case Report: This is a case report of a 27-day-old baby with a diagnosis of DiGeorge syndrome who developed heterotopic ossification on the dorsum of his right hand. Discussion: Heterotopic ossification in the pediatric population is a rare finding. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2017 Mar 25. Epub 2017 Mar 25.

Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disease that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals and presents with the development of inflammatory plaques on the skin. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in psoriasis.

Objective: To investigate whether expression of Drosha, DGCR8, and Dicer mRNAs is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2017 Apr;173(4):879-888

Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome and is underdiagnosed in diverse populations. Read More

Clin Otolaryngol 2017 Mar 21. Epub 2017 Mar 21.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Background: Hearing loss and otitis media are frequently reported in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

Objective Of Review: Our objective was to review the current literature on the prevalence of hearing loss and otologic manifestations in patients with 22q11. Read More

Epileptic Disord 2017 Mar;19(1):76-81

Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei.

We present a case study of a patient with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome presenting with ictus emeticus, together with a review of the relevant literature. The patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures at 3 months old, and seizures eventually remitted after calcium therapy. Read More

J Intellect Disabil Res 2017 May 8;61(5):501-511. Epub 2017 Mar 8.

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the second most prevalent genetic syndrome and has a characteristic academic and behavioural phenotype. The primary objective of the current study was to examine the childhood predictors of written expression achievement in adolescents with 22q11DS. Read More

Cardiol Young 2017 Jul 6;27(5):1026-1029. Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Department of Paediatrics,Western University,London,Ontario,Canada.

We describe the case of an infant with DiGeorge syndrome born with a right aortic arch and left arterial duct. Despite the remote location of the right aortic arch from the left arterial duct, he developed coarctation of the aorta during treatment with indomethacin. This was relieved by prostaglandin treatment. Read More

Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2016 Dec;18(4):209-218

MTA-SE NAP-B, Molecular Psychiatry and in vitro Disease Modelling Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.

Schizophrenia is a severe debilitating psychiatric disorder, with a typical onset in adolescence or early adulthood. This condition is characterized by heterogeneous symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behaviour, affective flattening, and social isolation) and a life-time prevalence of 0.5-1. Read More

Curr Opin Psychiatry 2017 May;30(3):191-196

aDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto bClinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health cThe Dalglish Family 22q Clinic for Adults with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Toronto General Hospital dDepartment of Psychiatry, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network eToronto General Research Institute fCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Purpose Of Review: Schizophrenia occurs in ∼25% of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), the strongest known molecular genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. Read More

Cell Mol Life Sci 2017 Jul 21;74(13):2503-2511. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Zebrafish is an important model to study developmental biology and human diseases. However, an effective approach to achieve spatial and temporal gene knockout in zebrafish has not been well established. In this study, we have developed a new approach, namely bacterial artificial chromosome-rescue-based knockout (BACK), to achieve conditional gene knockout in zebrafish using the Cre/loxP system. Read More

Adv Biomed Res 2016 27;5:201. Epub 2016 Dec 27.

Isfahan Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome is the most common multiple genetic disorder associated with learning disabilities, developmental delays, immune deficiency, hypocalcemia, and cleft palate. Finding some valid criteria for screening of 22q11. Read More

Behav Brain Funct 2017 Feb 16;13(1). Epub 2017 Feb 16.

Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.

Background: Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a neurogenetic disorder that is associated with a 25-fold increase in schizophrenia. Read More

Schizophr Bull 2017 Feb 13. Epub 2017 Feb 13.

The Behavioral Neurogenetics Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Nearly one-third of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) develop a psychotic disorder during life, most of them by early adulthood. Read More

Brain Dev 2017 Jun 13;39(6):539-541. Epub 2017 Feb 13.

Metabolic Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal.

Lately, microdeletions of the 22q region, responsible for DiGeorge syndrome or velocardiofacial syndrome, have been increasingly related to neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These manifestations seem to be related to certain genes located in the hemideleted region such as the proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) genes. We describe a teenager who started his adolescent psychiatric care presenting cognitive impairment, irritable mood and aggressive behaviour with schizophrenia-like symptoms that scored 153 in the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS) assessment. Read More

Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017 Feb 5;50(1):44-46. Epub 2017 Feb 5.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine.

We report the case of a newborn with a rare anatomic variation: a right aortic arch with a retroesophageal left subclavian artery and an anomalous origin of the pulmonary artery from the aorta. This variation was diagnosed using echocardiography and computed tomography, and we treated the condition surgically. Read More

Hum Mol Genet 2016 10;25(20):4369-4375

Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

Abstract: Pathological conditions caused by reduced dosage of a gene, such as gene haploinsufficiency, can potentially be reverted by enhancing the expression of the functional allele. In practice, low specificity of therapeutic agents, or their toxicity reduces their clinical applicability. Here, we have used a high throughput screening (HTS) approach to identify molecules capable of increasing the expression of the gene Tbx1, which is involved in one of the most common gene haploinsufficiency syndromes, the 22q11. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2016 Dec;7(Suppl 1):S117-S119

Department of Pediatric, General Hospital of Veroia, Pediatric Clinic, Veroia, Greece.

Hypocalcemia is rare in childhood and caused, among other conditions, by hypoparathyroidism. DiGeorge syndrome is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism in childhood. Presentation of a rare cause of hypocalcemia in childhood and the necessity of measuring serum electrolyte levels in patients presenting with afebrile seizures. Read More

Nat Rev Nephrol 2017 Mar 6;13(3):135. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Turk Pediatri Ars 2016 Dec 1;51(4):186-192. Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Department of Peditarics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Aim: Although the association between primary immunodeficiency and autoimmunity is already well-known, it has once again become a topic of debate with the discovery of newly-defined immunodeficiencies. Thus, investigation of the mechanisms of development of autoimmunity in primary immunodefficiency and new target-specific therapeutic options has come to the fore. In this study, we aimed to examine the clinical findings of autoimmunity, autoimmunity varieties, and treatment responses in patients who were genetically diagnosed as having primary immunodeficiency. Read More

N Engl J Med 2017 02 25;376(8):742-754. Epub 2017 Jan 25.

From the Division of Nephrology (E.L.-R., M.V., V.P.C., Z.Y., A.M., J.M., N.J.S., D.A.F., R.D., M.W., G.S.M., M.B., J.M.B., K.K., A.G.G., S.S.-C.) and the Division of Nephrology in Medicine and Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute (B.H.), the Departments of Systems Biology (D.S.P., B.H.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics (B.H.), and Pathology (V.D.), and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.S.P., B.H.), Columbia University, and the Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center (Q.L., V.E.P.), New York, and the Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx (S.E.R., B.E.M.) - all in New York; the Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.P.L., B.R.A., N. Katsanis); the Departments of Internal Medicine-Nephrology (E.A.O.) and Pediatrics-Nephrology (M.G.S., C.E.G., V.V.-W.), University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor; the Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split (K.V., M.S.-B.), and the Departments of Pediatrics (A.A., M. Saraga) and Pathology (N. Kunac), University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia; the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (R.W., J.A.E.W.); the Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital (A.V., F.H.), and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.V., F.H., I.A.D.), and the Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (I.A.D.) - all in Massachusetts; the Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa (M.B., A.C., G.M.G.), the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma (M.B., M. Maiorana, L.A.), and the Pediatric Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Parma (E.C.), Parma, the Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari (L.G.), the Department of Medical Sciences, University of Milano, and Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Institute of Research ITB-CNR, Milan (D.C.), and Dipartimento Ostetrico-Ginecologico e Seconda Divisione di Nefrologia ASST Spedali Civili e Presidio di Montichiari (C.I.) and Cattedra di Nefrologia, Università di Brescia, Seconda Divisione di Nefrologia Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia Presidio di Montichiari (F.S.), Brescia - all in Italy; the Department of General and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Germany (V.J.L.); the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires de l'Enfant et de l'Adulte (R.S., L.H., C.J.), INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases (R.S.), Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Imagine Institute (R.S.), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC 06, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, UMS 2 Omique, Inserm US029 (W.C.), Paris, and the Department of Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Médecine, Reims (D.G.) - both in France; the Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Northwest VA Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Seattle (A. Samii); the Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, 22q and You Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania (D.M.M.-M., T.B.C., E.H.Z., S.L.F.), Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (S.L.F.), and the Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania (H.H.), Philadelphia; the Dialysis Unit, Jagiellonian University Medical College (D.D.), and the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Jagiellonian University Medical College (M. Miklaszewska), Krakow, the Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz (M.T.), the Department of Pediatric Nephrology Medical University of Lublin, Lublin (P.S.), the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice (M. Szczepanska), the Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw (M.M.-W., G.K., A. Szmigielska), and Krysiewicza Children's Hospital (M.Z.) and the Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS (A.L.-B., A.M.-K.), Poznań - all in Poland; the Department of Clinical Genetics (J.M.D., D.B.), National Children's Research Centre (J.M.D., P.P.), and University College Dublin School of Medicine (D.B.), Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin, and the National Children's Hospital Tallaght (P.P.), Dublin, Ireland; the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (B.A.W.); University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia (Z.G., V.T.); Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic (H.F.); the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of New Mexico Children's Hospital, Albuquerque (C.S.W.); Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago (A.I.); and the Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University, New Haven, CT (R.P.L.).

Background: The DiGeorge syndrome, the most common of the microdeletion syndromes, affects multiple organs, including the heart, the nervous system, and the kidney. It is caused by deletions on chromosome 22q11.2; the genetic driver of the kidney defects is unknown. Read More

JAMA Psychiatry 2017 Mar;74(3):282-290

Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark2iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Lundbeck, Denmark5Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Importance: Microdeletions and duplications have been described at the 22q11.2 locus. However, little is known about the clinical and epidemiologic consequences at the population level. Read More

Neural Plast 2016 26;2016:5836143. Epub 2016 Dec 26.

School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

The patients with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), caused by deletion containing dozens of genes in chromosome 22, often carry cardiovascular problem and hearing loss associated with chronic otitis media. Inside the deletion region, a transcription factor TBX1 was highly suspected. Furthermore, similar DGS phenotypes were found in the Tbx1 heterozygous knockout mice. Read More