Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Dermatol Ther 2019 Feb 3:e12850. Epub 2019 Feb 3.

Section of Dermatology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Rhinophyma is a bothersome and disfiguring condition of the nose that is often cause of cosmetic embarrassment and social reclusion. Nowadays the therapeutic possibilities are highly variable and have to be personalized case by case. These possibilities include pharmacological therapy, laser surgery, mechanical dermabrasion and surgical excision. Read More

Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2019 Jan 28. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Dermatological Clinic, Department of Clinical and Molecular sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is the most common cutaneous intraepithelial neoplasm that typically develops on sun-damaged skin of elderly patients. Some untreated AK lesions may progress into invasive squamous cell carcinoma (iSCC) (1). Treatments for AKs could be classified in "lesion-directed treatments" including cryotherapy, laser, curettage, and dermabrasion; "field-directed treatments" including imiquimod, PDT, ingenol mebutate, diclofenac and piroxicam (1). Read More

Arch Plast Surg 2019 Jan 15;46(1):88-91. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Service, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore.

The burn center in our hospital is a national and regional (Southeast Asia) center. Of all admissions, 10% are related to blast explosions, and 8% due to chemical burns. In the acute burn management protocol of Singapore General Hospital, early surgical debridement is advocated for all acute partial-thickness burns. Read More

J Surg Res 2019 Feb 11;234:202-209. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan, China. Electronic address:

Background: Dermabrasion as one kind of treatment for partial thickness wounds is controversial. Visual assessment as the main way to evaluate the healing process of burn wounds is also inaccurate. In this study we try to explore whether dermabrasion accelerates healing in wounds of partial thickness and determine a reliable way to evaluate epithelialization. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nice, Université Nice Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.

J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019 Feb 27;77(2):411.e1-411.e8. Epub 2018 Oct 27.

Lecturer, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, MGM Dental College & Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India.

Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of laser skin resurfacing using an ultra-pulse carbon dioxide (CO) laser and manual dermabrasion with a medium-grit drywall sand screen for scar revision in adults with Fitzpatrick skin type III to V.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 postsurgical and post-traumatic scars in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin type III to V were included in this study. Preoperative evaluation of the scars was performed by 3 blinded observers using the Manchester scar rating scale. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2018 Nov 15. Epub 2018 Nov 15.

Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease with a prevalence of 1.22% in Egypt. Intralesional steroids use in localized vitiligo treatment still a matter of debate. Read More

Facial Plast Surg 2018 Oct 8;34(5):448-457. Epub 2018 Oct 8.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Scars are a natural part of dermal healing following lacerations, incisions, or tissue loss. The ideal scar is narrow, flat, level with surrounding tissue, and difficult for the untrained eye to see due to color match and placement parallel to relaxed skin tension lines; however, scarring that is dyspigmented, hypertrophied, widened, contracted, or atrophic can be aesthetically displeasing or causing functional limitations. When the scar has unfavorable characteristics, scar revision is often indicated and the cosmetic surgeon must be knowledgeable of the minimally invasive as well as surgical techniques to improve aesthetics, reduced reoccurrence, or correct functional limitations. Read More

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2018 Sep;34(9):615-623

Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan 430060, China.

To observe the clinical effects of sequential treatments of pulsed dye laser (PDL) and ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser on early stage hypertrophic burn scars. From January 2016 to December 2017, 221 patients with 228 hypertrophic scars in all parts of body within 6 months post healing, conforming to the study criteria and treated in our department, were included in this prospective study. They were first treated by PDL, repeated at an interval of one month until the vascularity score of scar fell below 2 points, and then treated by ablative fractional carbon dioxide laser, repeated at an interval of 3 months. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Sep;97(39):e12333

Professor of Plastic Surgery, A-Plast Estetik, Istanbul, Turkey.

Various methods and ancillary procedures have been defined in the era of face-lifting surgery.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic outcomes of our face-neck cases and the importance of adding ancillary procedures based on individual assessment.We conducted a retrospective review of 203 face-neck cases, basically following the endoscopic and open principles of Vasconez. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2018 Sep 28. Epub 2018 Sep 28.

Advanced Dermatology, PC, New Hyde Park, New York.

Background: Platelet-rich plasma is highly enriched plasma that contains a large concentration of platelets that secrete various growth factors and is used in a wide variety of surgical and cosmetic procedures, including hair regrowth and skin rejuvenation.

Methods: Microneedling therapy is being combined with platelet-rich plasma to potentiate patient's cosmetic effects. While microneedling therapy and platelet-rich plasma therapy have been around for years and are growing in popularity internationally, there are limited data regarding complications when they are used in conjunction. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Dec 25;109(10):858-867. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Unidad de Láser, Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España.

Absorption of topical products through the epidermis is limited by the skin's barrier function. Numerous techniques and agents such as microneedling, dermabrasion, radiofrequency, and lasers have been used to increase penetration within an approach known as transdermal drug delivery. One of these techniques is laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD), which often uses ablative fractional lasers (CO or erbium:YAG lasers) because of their capacity to produce microscopic ablated channels. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 Sep 18. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Surgical Dermatology Group, Birmingham, Alabama.

J Cosmet Dermatol 2018 Dec 17;17(6):960-967. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Background: Rhinophyma is a cosmetically deforming disease characterized by nodular overgrowth of the lower 2/3 of the nose and is considered the end stage of acne rosacea.

Aims: Review the spectrum of procedural techniques for treatment of rhinophyma with a focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each modality.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the search terms "rhinophyma," "treatment," and "surgery" in PubMed. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2018 Aug 3. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Department of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address:

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2018 Jul;34(7):492-496

Departnent of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central Southern University, Changsha 410008, China.

To investigate the effect of different negative pressure of wound negative pressure dressing (NPD) on the survival of full-thickness skin grafts of patients. One hundred and eleven patients who need skin grafting, conforming to the inclusion criteria were hospitalized in our unit from August 2012 to March 2017, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-seven patients hospitalized from August 2012 to October 2015 were assigned into traditional treatment group. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2018 Jul 17;31(4):e12648. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.

Poikiloderma is a chronic skin condition affecting middle-age men and women that comprises cutaneous atrophy, telangiectasias, and changes in the pigmentation of the skin usually of mottled appearance (both hyper- and hypopigmentation). There is no specific medical treatment for Poikiloderma of Civatte (PC), but the use of photoprotector/sunscreen + SPF 50 to avoid prolonged sun exposure is highly recommended in these patients. Some authors recommend the use of topical corticoids in early stages; however, the results have not been satisfactory. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2019 Jan-Feb;85(1):32-38

Department of Dermatology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Background: Accurate preparation of recipient area is a critical step in melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure for vitiligo. It is an important potential step for adaptation in the quest to achieve better results and ablative lasers potentially offer excellent precision over margin and depth control in achieving that.

Objective: To compare between the two techniques used for recipient site preparation: Er:YAG laser ablation and mechanical dermabrasion for melanocyte-keratinocyte transplantation procedure in terms of re-pigmentation achieved and adverse effects seen. Read More

Skinmed 2018 1;16(2):113-117. Epub 2018 Apr 1.

Refresh Dermatology, Houston, TX;

Surgical management of benign or malignant cutaneous tumors may result in noticeable scars that are of great concern to patients, regardless of sex, age, or ethnicity. Techniques to optimize surgical scars are discussed in this three-part review. Part 3 focuses on scar revision for erythema, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2018 Apr;26(1):73-74

Vladimir Prelević, MD, Clinic for Nephrology Clinical Center of Montenegro, Ljubljanska bb 81101 Podgorica, Montenegro;

Dear Editor, Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disease, which occurs due to genetically determined hyperplasia of ectodermal and mesodermal cells. Clinical manifestations present on the skin and in the nervous system, kidneys, heart, and other organs. Recent studies estimate the incidence of TS at 1/6000 to 1/10,000 live births, and a prevalence in the general population of approximately 1 in 20,000 (1). Read More

Int J Dermatol 2018 Sep 17;57(9):1128-1134. Epub 2018 May 17.

Surgical Dermatology Group, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Background: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is used to treat cutaneous malignancies in locations to maximize tissue sparing. The authors' aim is to demonstrate the utility of conservative thickness layers (CTL) in MMS and review patient and tumor characteristics and the potential anatomic locations where this technique may be most useful.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with tumors treated with CTL in MMS of 339 tumors, recording patient demographics, tumor characteristics, MMS stages for clearance, repairs, complications, and follow-up. Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018 May 9:1-4. Epub 2018 May 9.

a Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine , Minia University , Minia , Egypt.

Background: Halo nevus (HN) is a rare dermatologic disorder characterized by typical whitish rim surrounding an existing melanocytic nevus resembling halo. It is a cosmetic problem that may be linked to vitiligo, and it is advised to remove these nevi in order to avoid development of vitiligo.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the cosmetic outcome after nevus removal and leukoderma dermabrasion with epithelial graft followed by narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy as management of resistant halo nevi and avoidance of development of vitiligo. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2018 Nov 7;24(4):650-655. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Cosmetology and Aesthetic Dermatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Background: Microdermabrasion is a popular form of mechanical peel, used for many aesthetic purposes. Because it removes the superficial epidermal layer, it has an impact on hydrolipid skin coat.

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the changes taking place in the hydrolipid coat of the skin after microdermabrasion measured by skin hydration and sebum level. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 May;44(5):661-669

Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, North Carolina.

Background: Many dermatologic procedures are painful and can be distressing to patients.

Objective: To determine whether nitrous oxide has been used in dermatology and whether literature supports its use in terms of providing analgesia and anxiety associated with dermatologic procedures.

Methods: A search of PubMed and Cochrane databases was conducted through July 15, 2016, to identify studies involving nitrous oxide use in dermatology. Read More

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2018 Jun 16;46:6-9. Epub 2018 Apr 16.

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, PR China.

Fungal infection in severely burned patients is a serious problem due to various factors, such as the extensive application of antibiotics. In this study, we report on the course of severely burned patients with Candida tropicalis burn wound sepsis. Five such cases were reviewed. Read More

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018 Jul-Aug;84(4):498-499

Department of Dermatology, KIMS AL SHIFA Super Specialty Hospital, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India.

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2018 Mar;34(3):187-189

Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan 250021, China.

The process of burn wounds healing includes the removal of necrotic tissue, the hyperplasia of granulation tissue and epithelialization. The removal of necrotic tissue is the first step in dealing with burn wounds. Although there are a variety of adjuvant drugs for removing necrotic tissue, surgical debridement is still the main way of debridement of burn wounds. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Aug;19(4):505-516

Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA.

As we gain a greater understanding of acne pathogenesis, both new agents as well as new uses for established drugs are being considered for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Multiple clinical trials assessing new formulations or combinations of established acne treatments have been conducted, and novel uses of antimicrobials such as modified diallyl disulfide oxide and nitric oxide are being assessed in clinical trials. There are also a multitude of new therapies currently being studied that target the inflammatory cascade of acne pathogenesis, including sebosuppressive and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals, and  small molecule inhibitors targeting sebaceous glands and enzymes, among others. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2018 Nov;29(8):2263-2266

Oral Surgery Unit, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara.

The aging to the upper eyelid complex includes skin laxity, resulting in rhytids, orbicularis oculi hypertrophy, and pseudohermitian of orbital fat and nowadays a high number of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Excess and laxity of upper eyelid skin affect more than 90% of women, the impact of these problems on the patient's self-esteem can become important enough to affect quality of life in psychological and sociocultural terms.The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of blepharoplasty with an electrosurgical technology for treatment of skin laxity of upper eyelid, which produced a lid retraction and an elevation of the upper lid without complications. Read More

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2019 16;21(1):39-43. Epub 2018 Mar 16.

c Doctor , Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences - UNIFAL-MG , Alfenas , Minas Gerais , Brazil.

Objective: To assess the effects of galvano-puncture (GG) and dermabrasion (DG) in reducing striae distensae in the gluteal region of women.

Methods: This randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted at the UNIFAL-MG. Participants were 48 female who had striae distensae alba in the gluteal region. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2018 Jan-Feb;97(1-2):E42-E45

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.

Rhinophyma is a disfiguring end-stage manifestation of acne rosacea. It is characterized by a painless hyperplasia of the sebaceous glands and connective tissues of the nose. Numerous surgical modalities-including scalpel surgery, dermabrasion, CO laser ablation, and electrocautery-have been reported with varying results. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2017 Oct-Dec;10(4):186-194

Skinnovation Laser Clinic, New Delhi, India.

Background: Currently, the standard protocol regarding the performance of procedures on patients receiving or having recently received isotretinoin (13--retinoic acid) states that the procedures should not be performed. The recommendations in standard books and drug insert require discontinuation of isotretinoin for 6 months before performing cosmetic procedures, including waxing, dermabrasion, chemical peels, laser procedures, or incisional and excisional cold-steel surgery. These recommendations have been followed for over two decades despite little evidence for the stated increased risk of scarring. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 Feb;44(2):300-302

Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Division of Dermatology, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

JAMA Dermatol 2018 Mar;154(3):301-308

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Importance: Epidermal cell suspension (ECS) and follicular cell suspension (FCS) are successful surgical modalities for the treatment of stable vitiligo. However, repigmentation in generalized and acrofacial vitiligo and over acral or bony sites (eg, elbows, knees, iliac crests, and malleoli), which are difficult to treat, is challenging.

Objective: To study the efficacy of transplanting a combination of autologous, noncultured ECS and FCS (ECS + FCS) compared with ECS alone in stable vitiligo. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2018 02;44(2):303

Private PracticeTotal Skin and Beauty Dermatology Center, PCBirmingham, AlabamaDepartment of DermatologyUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama.

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018 Oct 10;106(7):2535-2543. Epub 2018 Jan 10.

Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Transplantation of autologous cultured melanocytes as cell suspension has been used for the treatment of vitiligo. The recipient site is often prepared by laser-mediated dermabrasion. Such procedures encounter disadvantages including prolonged transplantation duration, unsecured cell adherence to lesional skin and potential scarring. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Apr 30;109(3):218-229. Epub 2017 Dec 30.

Grupo de Investigación Dermatológica (GRID), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the combination of a light source and a photosensitizing agent to induce tissue damage via the generation of singlet oxygen. Although topical PDT has been approved for other indications, its use in facial photodamage is uncertain.

Aims: To assess the efficacy and safety of PDT in facial skin photoaging. Read More

Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018 Feb 21;135(1):17-20. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Clínica Clarós, C/Los Vergós, 31, CP 08017, Barcelona, Spain.

Introduction: Rhinophyma is a rare, benign and unsightly disease of the skin of the nose that was first described a very long time ago, as illustrated by portrait of an old man with a bulbous nose holding his grandson, by Ghirlandaio in 1490. It was described for the first time by Ferdinando Hebra Von (1816-1880), as the third stage of rosacea. The objective of this study is to report the author's experience and propose a new treatment option in the management of rhinophyma. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2017 10;77(4):e105-e106

KIMS AL SHIFA Super Speciality Hospital, Kerala, India.

J Cosmet Laser Ther 2018 Apr 7;20(2):114-116. Epub 2017 Nov 7.

a Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Bezmialem Medical School , Bezmialem Vakıf University , Istanbul , Turkey.

This is a case report of a 63-year-old male patient who presented with rhinophyma of 17 years duration. Several medical treatments were applied previously, with no response or poor improvement. We present our experience by combining the Versajet™ Hydrosurgery System and ReCELL in a heavy smoker patient, which led to a good aesthetic outcome. Read More

Skinmed 2017 1;15(4):271-276. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Refresh Dermatology, Houston, TX;

Surgical management of benign or malignant cutaneous tumors may result in noticeable scars that are of great concern to patients, regardless of sex, age, or ethnicity. Techniques to optimize surgical scars are discussed in this three-part review. In part 1, an overview of the importance of preoperative planning, intraoperative technique, and pathophysiology of wound healing is followed by a discussion of scar revision options for depressed/atrophic scars. Read More

J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2017 Apr-Jun;10(2):81-85

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, SN Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Background And Aims: Stable vitiligo can be treated by various surgical procedures. Non-cultured melanocyte grafting techniques were developed to overcome the time-consuming process of culture while at the same time providing acceptable results. All the techniques using non-cultured melanocyte transfer involve trypsinisation as an integral step. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 May 9;109(4):e23-e26. Epub 2017 Aug 9.

Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Simón Bolívar, Bogotá, Colombia.

Rhinophyma, a rare and progressive disfiguring condition, is thought to be the final stage of rosacea. Several surgical treatments are available, including dermabrasion, cryosurgery, scalpel excision, electrosurgery, and carbon dioxide laser. The last 2 techniques are the most effective for the management of rhinophyma. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017 Jul 22;5(4):549-550. Epub 2017 Jul 22.

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

We present a 6-month-old male patient, who was consulted with dermatologist by his parents, because of a pigmented lesion, present since birth, covering almost the all skin of the back and buttocks. A sharply bordered, unequally coloured congenital pigmented nevus, measuring approximately 21 cm in diameter was observed in the whole body skin examination. The lesion was affecting the lower 2/3 of the skin of the back and the top half of the gluteus area, extending to the lateral part of the tors, forward the abdomen and the upper lateral part of the hips, composed by multiple darker-pigmented nests and several lighter areas, with single depigmented zones, hairy surface, irregularly infiltrated on palpation. Read More

J Dermatol 2017 Nov 10;44(11):e278-e279. Epub 2017 Jul 10.

Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2017 Aug 30;25(3):463-471. Epub 2017 May 30.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Following Mohs reconstruction, several options are available to improve the appearance of the resulting scars. It is critical that the patient has realistic goals before beginning any treatment because scars can be improved but never erased. The surgical and nonsurgical options aim to replace pre-existing scars with ones that are less conspicuous. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2017 08;153(8):802-809

Pennsylvania State University, Hershey.

Importance: The notion that systemic isotretinoin taken within 6 to 12 months of cutaneous surgery contributes to abnormal scarring or delayed wound healing is widely taught and practiced; however, it is based on 3 small case series from the mid-1980s.

Objective: To evaluate the body of literature to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the safety of procedural interventions performed either concurrently with, or immediately following the cessation of systemic isotretinoin therapy.

Evidence Review: A panel of national experts in pediatric dermatology, procedural/cosmetic dermatology, plastic surgery, scars, wound healing, acne, and isotretinoin was convened. Read More

Burns 2018 03 8;44(2):256-262. Epub 2017 Jun 8.

University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, 1501 NW 10th Street, Suite 924, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Burns are a common and sometimes devastating injury causing a significant amount of pain, disability, and occasionally death. Burns can have serious aesthetic and functional consequences such as pigmentary changes and formation of scar tissue. Hypopigmentation or depigmentation is often a result of partial- or full-thickness burns, which is referred to as leukoderma after burn. Read More

Skin Res Technol 2018 Feb 24;24(1):26-30. Epub 2017 May 24.

Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background/purpose: By the end of 2017, non-biodegradable microbeads will be prohibited in USA, UK and Europe, due to their environmental issue. There are biodegradable beads available, but their effect on skin desquamation has not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to understand the skin renewal time, moisturizing effect and user's satisfaction of gel scrubs containing different exfoliating beads. Read More