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Microb Drug Resist 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in the oral cavity of pediatric patients hospitalized at an intensive care unit (ICU). Thirty ICU patients (group 1) and 30 healthy patients (group 2), between 1 and 12 years of age, matched by sex and age, were selected from a public hospital in Brazil. After oral examinations, biological specimens (nostril swab, oral mucosa, and supragingival biofilm) were collected from both groups to verify the presence of Identification occurred after growth in Tryptic Soy Broth with 7. Read More

Orthopadie (Heidelb) 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53129, Bonn, Deutschland.

Preoperative optimization of the therapeutic regime of comorbidities can lead to an improvement of the postoperative outcome and has the potential to reduce the financial burden on the health care system in revision hip arthroplasty. Patient-related factors and an increasing incidence of comorbidities lead to a higher risk of implant failure and revision for all causes. Important and potentially modifiable risk factors like preoperative anemia, coagulopathy, infectious disease (dental status, urinary tract infections, colonization with staphylococcus), metabolic conditions (obesity, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis), and smoking need to be addressed. Read More

Microbiol Spectr 2022 Jun 27:e0227221. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Toho University, Tokyo, Japan.

Although community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has emerged worldwide, no nationwide CA-MRSA surveillance has been conducted in Japan to determine the changes in its molecular characteristics over time. We aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-positive CA-MRSA strains collected from across Japan in the past decade. We isolated 1,770 MRSA strains from the skin and pus samples of outpatients of 244 medical facilities in 31 prefectures between 2010 and 2018 (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018). Read More

Front Oral Health 2022 9;3:907778. Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

The number of cancer survivors are increasing and so are the oral toxicities from cancer therapy. Most patients receiving treatment for cancer develop some form of oral adverse events including, but not limited to, mucositis, opportunistic infections, dry mouth, and/or osteonecrosis of the jaw. One of the most common complications from head and neck cancer radiation therapy is salivary gland dysfunction (SGD). Read More

J Dent Sci 2022 Apr 9;17(2):836-841. Epub 2021 Oct 9.

Songha Yoo Seunghoon Pediatric Dentistry, Cheonan, South Korea.

Background/purpose: Because complete microbial elimination of the infected root canal system is nearly impossible to achieve, the use of root canal fillings with antibacterial effects may help to minimize intracanal infections. Our previous study, MTA modified by CaF addition, improved the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of human dental pulp cells without adverse effect on the physical properties. In this study, the antibacterial effect of MTA after CaF addition was evaluated for use as a root canal sealer. Read More

Evid Based Dent 2022 Jun 24;23(2):78-80. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Postgraduate Resident, Oral Surgery and Implantology Department, Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Valencia, Spain.

Design A multicentre, prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial reported the early implant failure and postoperative infections of healthy or relatively healthy patients receiving 2 grams of amoxicillin one hour preoperatively from their scheduled dental implant placement. The registration of the study protocol in EudraCT and Clinical Trials.gov (#NCT03412305) followed the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the CONSORT guidelines for clinical trials. Read More

Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig 2022 ;73(2):159-162

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Rayat and Bahra Dental College and Hospital, Mohali, India.

Omicron, the new 'Variant of Concern' of SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly evolving into new sub-variants or sub-lineages (BA.1, BA.2 etc. Read More

J Contemp Dent Pract 2022 Feb 1;23(2):133-134. Epub 2022 Feb 1.

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Besides conventional vaccinations, viable alternatives are needed to elicit an immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We propose and highlight the value of a homeopathic approach known as the "nosode" for the prevention of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Nosode is an extract prepared from disease-affected tissues which is subsequently processed and administered as an antidote for the same medical condition. Read More

Vaccines (Basel) 2022 May 26;10(6). Epub 2022 May 26.

Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 15123 Athens, Greece.

The quality of indoor air in healthcare facilities, with an emphasis on dental offices, attracted the attention of the scientific community in the late 1960s. Since then, it has become evident that the indoor air quality is critical in modern dental care facilities for limiting the spread of airborne infections, including vaccine-preventable diseases, and a key component of safety for healthcare personnel and patients. In the past decades, the role of indoor air quality has also been recognized in non-healthcare facilities, given the increasing time spent indoors by humans. Read More

Pharmaceutics 2022 Jun 12;14(6). Epub 2022 Jun 12.

Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.

Despite the increasing progress achieved in the last 20 years in both the fabrication of porous dental implants and the development of new biopolymers for targeting drug therapy, there are important issues such as bone resorption, poor osseointegration, and bacterial infections that remain as critical challenges to avoid clinical failure problems. In this work, we present a novel microtechnology based on polycaprolactone microspheres that can adhere to porous titanium implant models obtained by the spacer holder technique to allow a custom biomechanical and biofunctional balance. For this purpose, a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was successfully employed for the fabrication of the microparticles properly loaded with the antibacterial therapeutic agent, rose bengal. Read More

Pharmaceutics 2022 Jun 11;14(6). Epub 2022 Jun 11.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover Medical School, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625 Hannover, Germany.

Postoperative restenosis in patients with external ear canal (EEC) atresia or stenosis is a common complication following canaloplasty. Our aim in this study was to explore the feasibility of using a three dimensionally (3D)-printed, patient-individualized, drug ((dexamethasone (DEX)), and ciprofloxacin (cipro))-releasing external ear canal implant (EECI) as a postoperative stent after canaloplasty. We designed and pre-clinically tested this novel implant for drug release (by high-performance liquid chromatography), biocompatibility (by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay), bio-efficacy (by the TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha)-reduction test (DEX) and inhibition zone test (for cipro)), and microbial contamination (formation of turbidity or sediments in culture medium). Read More

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022 Jun 20;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Division of Research and Development, Pharmin USA, LLC, San Jose, CA 95128, USA.

Oral health problems and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacterial strains have become major global challenges and are essential elements that negatively affect general well-being. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is based on a light source and oxygen that activates a nontoxic photosensitizer, resulting in microbial destruction. Synthetic and natural products can be used to help the APDT against oral microorganisms. Read More

Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022 Jun 18;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Xerostomia is linked to an increased risk of dental caries, oral fungal infections, and speaking/swallowing difficulties, factors that may significantly degrade patients' life, socially- or emotionally-wise. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in developing management approaches for confronting this oral condition, at which pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic agent, plays a vital role. Although the therapeutic effects of orally administrated pilocarpine on the salivary gland flow and the symptoms of xerostomia have been proved by numerous studies, the systemic administration of this drug is affiliated with various adverse effects. Read More

Nutrients 2022 Jun 18;14(12). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Department of Biomedical and Dental Science and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

The immune system is highly dynamic and susceptible to many alterations throughout pregnancy. Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has swept the globe. To contain the spread of COVID-19, immediate measures such as quarantine and isolation were implemented. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Jun 16;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 16.

The Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, The Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.

Chronic and recurrent bacterial infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on biotic or abiotic materials that are composed of mono- or multi-species cultures of bacteria/fungi embedded in an extracellular matrix produced by the microorganisms. Biofilm formation is, among others, regulated by quorum sensing (QS) which is an interbacterial communication system usually composed of two-component systems (TCSs) of secreted autoinducer compounds that activate signal transduction pathways through interaction with their respective receptors. Embedded in the biofilms, the bacteria are protected from environmental stress stimuli, and they often show reduced responses to antibiotics, making it difficult to eradicate the bacterial infection. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Jun 15;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Shwajra Campus, Jazan 45412, Saudi Arabia.

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, fungal infections of the maxillofacial region have become prevalent, making their accurate diagnosis vital. Histopathological staining remains a simple, cost-effective technique for differentiation and diagnosis of the causative fungal organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the staining efficacy of Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue, Safranin-O and Gomori's Methenamine Silver (GMS) on fungal smears. Read More

Microorganisms 2022 Jun 6;10(6). Epub 2022 Jun 6.

Department of Endodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

The physiology of an organism in the environment reflects its interactions with the diverse physical, chemical, and biological properties of the surface. These principles come into consideration during model selection to study biofilm-host interactions. Biofilms are communities formed by beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, where cells are held together by a structured extracellular matrix. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 Jun 18;58(6). Epub 2022 Jun 18.

Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta/UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro 20080-003, Brazil.

To estimate the association between admission functional outcomes and exposure to physiotherapy interventions with mortality rate in intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients with cardiovascular diseases and new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). : Retrospective cohort including 100 ICU inpatients (mean (standard deviation), age 75 (16) years) split into COVID-19+ or COVID-19-. The association of in-ICU death with admission functional outcomes and physiotherapy interventions was investigated using univariable and multivariable regression models. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 Jun 15;58(6). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa", 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Dentists play a very important part in the early identification of oral cancer lesions. This aspect of dental practice depends on the knowledge acquired during the faculty years. The aim of this study was to assess dental students' and residents' levels of awareness in terms of oral cancer. Read More

Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 May 26;58(6). Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HR, UK.

: Disruption to taste and smell are common symptoms of COVID-19 infection. The current literature overlooks taste symptoms and tends to focus on the sense of smell. Persisting cases (>28 days) of taste dysfunction are increasingly recognised as a major future healthcare challenge. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 20;19(12). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Allergy and Pulmonology, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 0901-952, Ecuador.

Introduction: Worsening air quality and pollution lead to numerous environmental health and sustainability issues in the South Asia region. This study analyzes India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal for air quality data trends and sustainability indicators.

Methodology: By using a population-based study design, six South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 19;19(12). Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University La Statale, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Background: This review examined the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) triggered by physical injury or medical trauma. It discusses implications in support of rehabilitation management for COVID-19 survivors diagnosed with PTSD.

Methods: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Interim Guidance from the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 10;19(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Human Sciences, Innovation and Territory, School of Dentistry, Postgraduate of Orthodontics, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy.

The pandemic of the 21st century had a significant influence on the lives of the world population in a negative way. This situation determined a change of lifestyle; it caused the necessity of social isolation for a great number of people. In fact, people tended to avoid crowded environments, social events, to reduce medical checks and sports activities, favoring sedentary life because of fear of the virus. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 May 25;11(6). Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea.

Bacterial strains resistant to antimicrobial treatments, such as antibiotics, have emerged as serious clinical problems, necessitating the development of novel bactericidal materials. Nanostructures with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers have appeared recently as novel antibacterial agents, which are also known as "nanoantibiotics". Nanomaterials have been shown to exert greater antibacterial effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria across several studies. Read More

Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Stomatology, Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraná, Avenida Professor Lothário Meissner, 623, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba/PR, Brazil.

Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a complication that develops in patients who use or have used antiresorptive or antiangiogenic medications for the treatment of bone metabolic disease and bone metastases. Clinically, MRONJ is characterized by the appearance of an inflammation in soft tissues and exposure of necrotic bone tissue in mandible or maxilla, for a period of 8 weeks, in patients with no history of head and neck radiotherapy that were being or are being treated with antiresorptive and/or antiangiogenic agents. The fibrin-rich platelets and leukocytes (L-PRF) membrane has been used as an alternative for MRONJ prevention. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 23;12(6):e055804. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, UK.

Objectives: To identify the psychological impact of working during the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and nursing students' psychological well-being. To inform recommendations for the provision of future student well-being support.

Design: An interpretative qualitative, semistructured interview study employing maximum variation sampling, snowball sampling and a thematic analysis. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2022 25;41:248. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Department of Mass Communication, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Introduction: the HIV educative campaign Undetectable Equals Untransmissible (U=U) is a potential gamechanger to address HIV stigma. We investigated what percentage of South African adolescents were aware of U=U, and the associations with perceived HIV stigma and past-year HIV testing.

Methods: we used a cross-sectional design. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Jun 22;15(6). Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

We report a patient in his early 70s, with an alleged history of trauma to the right temporal region, following which a swelling developed. A week later, erythematous changes, throbbing pain and occasional fever spikes were noted. A month after the initial trauma, he presented to our institution with necrosed skin over the right temporal region and swelling extending up to the vertex of the skull. Read More

J Artif Organs 2022 Jun 22. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.

In Japan, successful cases of a bridge to lung transplantation (BTT) by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are rare. We present the case of a man in his thirties, diagnosed with interstitial pneumonia 6 years prior and registered for lung transplant 1 year prior due to disease progression despite treatment. Due to the patient's worsening respiratory failure, he was transferred to our hospital for BTT by ECMO. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022 Jun;26(11):4016-4027

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China.

Objective: The current review was designed to assess the efficacy of amoxicillin (AMX) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMX-CLA) for reducing infection rates after third molar surgery.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of AMX/AMX-CLA for infection control after third molar surgery.

Results: 13 RCTs were included. Read More