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Neurochem Res 2019 Apr 20. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Inserm, U-1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse-PRISM, Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to irreversible neuro-degenerative changes with life-long consequences. While there is still no effective therapy available, the results of past research have led to improved quality of life for patients suffering from partial or permanent paralysis. In this review we focus on the need, importance and the scientific value of experimental animal models simulating SCI in humans. Read More

J Cardiol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Tokyo, Japan.

The indication for MitraClip (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) in the USA is degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR), but the Japanese indication includes both DMR and functional mitral regurgitation (FMR), in patients without severe left ventricular dysfunction. One of the reasons for this difference is that the Japanese Circulation Society submitted a formal request to the Japanese government for early approval of MitraClip for both DMR and FMR on the basis of unmet medical need for MR patients resistant to medical therapy, but at prohibitive risk for mitral valve surgery. Here, we describe the regulatory approval review process of MitraClip in Japan. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen university hospital, CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76000 Rouen, France.

The corneal limbus is a privileged region on the border between two quite different microenvironments, where corneal epithelial stem cells, numerous melanocytes, and antigen-presenting cells are all concentrated within a richly vascularized and innervated stroma. This situation within the ocular surface confers on it the key functions of barrier, epithelial renewal and defense of the cornea. As an immunological crossroads and since the corneoscleral limbus is directly exposed to external insults such as caustic agents, ultraviolet radiation, microbial agents, and allergens, it is the potential site of many tumoral, degenerative or inflammatory pathologies and may progress under certain conditions to limbal stem cell deficiency. Read More

Chem Biol Interact 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address:

Major challenges of dealing elder patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are the individualization of consideration in persons with various comorbid types of conditions. In spite of the fact that microvascular and macrovascular problems associated with DM are well documented, there is only a few numbers of reports viewing different conditions, for example, cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is of specific significance due to its effect on self-care and quality of life. Read More

Stem Cells Transl Med 2019 Apr 19. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research and the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

Subretinal delivery of stem cell-derived retinal cells as a strategy to treat retinal degenerative blindness holds great promise. Currently, two clinical trials are underway in which human fetal retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are being delivered to patients by intravitreal or subretinal injection to preserve or restore vision, respectively. With the advent of the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC), and in turn three-dimensional derivation of retinal tissue, it is now possible to generate autologous RPCs for cell replacement. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 18;24(8). Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Calea Manastur, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania.

Vegetables comprise a significant portion of our daily diet with their high content in nutrients including fiber, vitamins, minerals, as well as phenolic compounds. Vegetable consumption has been shown to be positively associated with the prevention of several degenerative diseases thanks to their bioactive compounds. Accordingly, five selected vegetables, namely, red chicory, red onion, eggplant, purple sweet potato, and black carrot were thoroughly assessed for their phenolic content in this study. Read More

J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Apr 19:1-8. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

1Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto.

OBJECTIVEThe cortical bone trajectory (CBT) technique for pedicle screw placement has gained popularity among spinal surgeons. It has been shown biomechanically to provide better fixation and improved pullout strength compared to a traditional pedicle screw trajectory. The CBT technique also allows for a less invasive approach for fusion and may have lower incidence of adjacent-level disease. Read More

Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) subpopulation migrating towards a degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD) and to assess its regenerative potential.

Design: Based on initial screening for migration towards chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), the migration potential of CD146+ and CD146- MSCs was evaluated in vitro and in a degenerated organ culture model (degeneration by high-frequency loading in a bioreactor). Discogenic differentiation potential of CD146+ and CD146- MSCs was investigated by in vitro pellet culture assay with supplementation of growth and differentiation factor-6 (GDF6). Read More

Brain Res Bull 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-00 Criciúma, SC, Brazil. Electronic address:

In the central nervous system, glial cells protect the brain against neuronal stress by inducing inflammatory responses; namely, intracellular signaling and cytokine production. However, chronic inflammation is often associated with degenerative diseases that can damage hormone signaling and mitochondrial function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation by stimulating the production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); moreover, it generates oxidative stress and impairs cognitive functions. Read More

PLoS One 2019 19;14(4):e0215522. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America.

An imbalance in copper (Cu) tissue homeostasis has a degenerative effect on spermatogenesis and male fertility. The high-affinity Cu transporter 1 (CTR1; SLC31A1) is the major protein responsible for Cu acquisition in eukaryotes and is highly expressed in mouse testes. Studies on yeast and Drosophila have demonstrated the conserved essential function of Cu and CTR1 for meiosis and fertility, implying that CTR1 may play an essential function in mammalian spermatogenesis. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019 Apr;23(7):3088-3095

Department of Surgery, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, VM Mersin Medical Park Hospital, Mersin, Turkey.

Objective: Mammalian transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channels are a form of calcium channels and they transport calcium and magnesium ions. TRPM has eight subclasses including TRPM1-8. TRPM2, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPM8 are expressed especially in the liver cell. Read More

Mol Neurobiol 2019 Apr 18. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.

The cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) are among the first group of neurons known to become degenerated in Alzheimer's disease, and thus the NBM is proposed to be involved in learning and memory. The marginal division (MrD) of the striatum is a newly discovered subdivision at the ventromedial border of the mammalian striatum and is considered to be one part of the ventral striatum involved in learning and memory. The present study provided evidence to support the hypothesis that the MrD and the NBM were structurally connected at cellular and subcellular levels with functional implications in learning and memory. Read More

Front Physiol 2019 2;10:338. Epub 2019 Apr 2.

Institute of Brain Science, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a fatal systemic disease caused by amyloid deposits of misfolded transthyretin, leading to familial amyloid polyneuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy, or a rare oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis. A good model system that mimic the disease phenotype is crucial for the development of drugs and treatments for this devastating degenerative disorder. The present models using fruit flies, worms, rodents, non-human primates and induced pluripotent stem cells have helped researchers understand important disease-related mechanisms and test potential therapeutic options. Read More

J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019 Apr-Jun;10(2):256-260

Department of Neurosurgery, Coimbatore Medical College and Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Background: Pedicle screw fixation is one of the widely used procedures for instrumentation and stabilization of the thoracic and lumbar spine. It has the advantage of stabilizing all the three columns in single approach. Various assistive techniques are available to place the pedicle screws more accurately but at the expense of increased exposure to radiation, prolonged surgical duration, and cost. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):39-41

Department of Neurosurgery, International Neuroscience Institute, Hannover, Germany.

Introduction: In endoscopic lumbar discectomy for posterolateral disc herniation, we determined some anatomical landmarks for improved disc space access. These landmarks are based on the beginning of the insertion of the ligamentum flavum (LF) to vertebral lamina.

Materials And Methods: In 978 patients operated by posterolateral disc herniation, we measured prospectively the distance between the beginning of the insertion of the LF and space disc rostrally. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):28-32

Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a well-described surgical approach for symptomatic degenerative cervical disc disease which does not respond to conservative management. In the present study, we assessed clinical presentation and outcomes of ACDF.

Materials And Methods: The present study was conducted from October 1, 2015, to October 31, 2017, in the Department of Neurosurgery, Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, among 100 consecutive adult patients who underwent single- or two-level ACDF for degenerative cervical disc disease. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):19-23

Resident Doctor, K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Aim: On the basis of an experience with 12 cases, the validity and rationale of cervical spinal stabilization for cases having both cervical and lumbar spinal canal stenosis is analyzed.

Materials And Methods: From March 2017 to May 2018, 12 patients presented with a major symptom of neurogenic claudication pain generally related to lumbar canal stenosis in addition to other symptoms related to cervical myelopathy. The average age was 57 years. Read More

J Craniovertebr Junction Spine 2019 Jan-Mar;10(1):10-13

Department of Orthopaedics, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: Multiple investigation modalities have been invented for diagnosis and for planning management of degenerative cervical myelopathy, which include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography scan, and plain X-rays. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the spinal cord is a special variety of MRI where diffusion of water molecules across and along the tracts is mapped. The changes in anisotropy at the stenotic level can be a postoperative prognostic factor. Read More

Arthroscopy 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Orthopedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.. Electronic address:

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish minimal clinically important difference (MCID), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) after meniscectomy and factors associated with achieving these goals.

Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional registry was retrospectively reviewed for all patients undergoing isolated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy from 2014 through 2017. MCID, SCB, and PASS were calculated for the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscores by using the anchor-based methodology and nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curves. Read More

J Orthop Sci 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8562, Japan.

Background: Farming is one of the effective community activities for preventing the need for new long-term care insurance services. This study was conducted to compare spinal canal diameters between patients injured during orchard work (i.e. Read More

Mech Ageing Dev 2019 Apr 15;180:89-96. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:

Selenium (Se), an essential trace mineral, confers its physiological functions mainly through selenoproteins, most of which are oxidoreductases. Results from animal, epidemiological, and human genetic studies link Parkinson's disease to Se and certain selenoproteins. Parkinson's disease is characterized by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms that are difficult to diagnose at early stages of the pathogenesis. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019 May;477(5):1176-1187

E. Gallazzi, L. Zagra, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Hip Department, vi R. Galeazzi, Milan, Italy I. Morelli, G. Peretti, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via R. Galeazzi Milan, Italy.

Background: Femoral osteotomies have been widely used to treat a wide range of developmental and degenerative hip diseases. For this purpose, different types of proximal femur osteotomies were developed: at the neck as well as at the trochanteric, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric levels. Few studies have evaluated the impact of a previous femoral osteotomy on a THA; thus, whether and how a previous femoral osteotomy affects the outcome of THA remains controversial. Read More

Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019 May;477(5):1021-1033

C. Pascual-Garrido, E. L. Yanik, J. C. Clohisy, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA D. J. Li, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA G. Grammatopoulos, Nuffield Orthopaedic Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ANCHOR Group, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Background: Acetabular cartilage damage has been described in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, most reports of articular cartilage damage in hip FAI have been focused on the acetabular cartilage and derived from single-center, retrospective studies of relatively small patient cohorts. Identifying patterns of articular cartilage wear is important in patient selection, treatment prognosis, and determining whether patterns of intraarticular cartilage wear are secondary to abnormal hip morphology. Read More

Otol Neurotol 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School.

Hypothesis: The vestibular aqueduct (VA) in Menière's disease (MD) exhibits different angular trajectories depending on the presenting endolymphatic sac (ES) pathology, i.e., 1) ES hypoplasia or 2) ES degeneration. Read More

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2019 Apr;50(4):e112-e117

Background And Objective: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) comparison between vessel density in patients with degenerative-subtype lamellar macular hole (LMH) and healthy individuals. Unaffected fellow eyes were also included in the study.

Patients And Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study examined 32 eyes affected by unilateral degenerative-subtype LMH, as well as the 32 fellow eyes of the enrolled population. Read More

PeerJ 2019 12;7:e6740. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Environmental and Plant Biology and Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.

Genome sequencing has uncovered tremendous sequence variation within and between species. In plants, in addition to large variations in genome size, a great deal of sequence polymorphism is also evident in several large multi-gene families, including those involved in the ubiquitin-26S proteasome protein degradation system. However, the biological function of this sequence variation is yet not clear. Read More

ACS Med Chem Lett 2019 Apr 15;10(4):666-670. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, via Mario Bianco 9, Milano 20131, Italy.

Ordered self-organization of polypeptides into fibrillar assemblies has been associated with a number of pathological conditions linked to degenerative diseases. Recent experimental observations have demonstrated that even small-molecule metabolites can aggregate into supramolecular arrangements with structural and functional properties reminiscent of peptide-based amyloids. The molecular determinants of such mechanisms, however, are not clear yet. Read More

Mol Vis 2019 18;25:194-203. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of a rodent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model by subretinal injection of polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were injected subretinally with 2 μl PBS (Gibco, Invitrogen, Paisley, UK; n=14) or PEG (1 mg; n=18). Animals were sacrificed at either 0, 5, 14 or 21 days. Read More

J Food Sci 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, C.P. 45138, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.

Phenolic compounds have potential to prevent and treat chronic degenerative diseases (CDDs). A phenolic-rich carrot juice was produced by the application of wounding stress. The effects of wounding intensity, storage, peeling, blanching, filtration, and pasteurization over physicochemical, nutritional, nutraceutical, and sensory properties of carrot juice were evaluated. Read More

Elife 2019 Apr 17;8. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, United States.

How huntingtin (HTT) triggers neurotoxicity in Huntington's disease (HD) remains unclear. We report that HTT forms a transcription-coupled DNA repair (TCR) complex with RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), ataxin-3, the DNA repair enzyme polynucleotide-kinase-3'-phosphatase (PNKP), and cyclic AMP-response element-binding (CREB) protein (CBP). This complex senses and facilitates DNA damage repair during transcriptional elongation, but its functional integrity is impaired by mutant HTT. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2019 Apr 17:1-6. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology , Karadeniz Technical University , Trabzon , Turkey.

Purpose: To investigate the relation between high axial myopia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values.

Methods: Seventy-nine cases were enrolled, 50 myopic and 29 emmetropic. All participants were assigned into three groups: Group I (high myopia with no retinal involvement), Group II (high myopia with retinal involvement) and Group III (control). Read More

Br J Radiol 2019 Apr 17:20180926. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

7 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system. It is the most common non-traumatic cause of chronic disability in young adults. An early and accurate diagnosis, and effective disease modifying treatment (DMT) are key elements of optimum care for people with MS (pwMS). Read More

Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019 Apr 16. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.

Degenerative sacroiliac joint disease is a cause of lumbosacral pain in dogs; however, published information on cross-sectional imaging characteristics is limited. Objectives of this retrospective, secondary analysis, methods-comparison study were to test hypotheses that CT lesions reported in humans with degenerative sacroiliac joint disease are also present in dogs, and that CT is comparable to gross pathology for detecting these lesions. Matched CT and gross pathology slice images of 30 sacroiliac joints were retrieved from a previous prospective, canine cadaver study. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2019 12;2019:1434538. Epub 2019 Mar 12.

Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease, where chondrocyte apoptosis is responsible for cartilage degeneration. Bax is a well-known proapoptotic protein of the Bcl-2 family, involved in a large number of physiological and pathological processes. However, the regulation mechanisms of Bax underlying chondrocyte apoptosis in OA remain unknown. Read More

Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019 28;15:531-539. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.

Objectives: Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) has become an alternative treatment for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. This technique preserves appropriate motion at both the index and adjacent disc levels and consequently may prevent adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). The authors performed a meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of CDA to those of the gold standard, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2019 27;14:2157-2169. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: The investigation of agents promoting recovery of nerve regeneration following neurodegenerative diseases has been the most important issue in neuroscience. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and quercetin as potential flavonoids could possibly have therapeutic applications in the field of degenerative diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer.

Materials And Methods: The MTT assay was done at 24, 48, and 72 hours to examine the cytotoxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and quercetin. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019 Apr 16;20(1):173. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

Department of Sports Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, No.3002 Sungang West Road, Futian district, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China.

Background: As several neurologic and hardware complications have been reported with screw fixation. Suture buttons are used to serve as an alternative to screw fixation to obtain better outcome and to reduce the complication. The purpose of this study was to observe the clinical outcomes and make the radiologic assessment of a modified suture button (MSB) arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. Read More

Hum Exp Toxicol 2019 Apr 16:960327119842613. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

1 Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

The cardiotoxic adverse effect of doxorubicin (DOX) is the major factor limiting its use. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been implicated in the preclinical studies of treatment of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The question is MSCs pretreated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have a better influence on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity compared to the influence of MSCs alone. Read More

Brain Sci 2019 Apr 15;9(4). Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London UB8 3NN, UK.

Background: Cognitive disorders are reported to be common in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). In some cases, they are the first clinical manifestation, preceding the diagnosis of pSS by two years on average.

Aim: A systematic review was conducted to explore cognitive impairment in pSS, with reference to diagnostic methods and their relationship with laboratory data and clinical manifestations. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

OFZ Orthopädisches Fachzentrum Weilheim, Johann-Baur-Str. 5, Weilheim in Oberbayern, 82362, Germany.

Purpose: To show descriptive clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging results after an additional periosteal flap augmentation in mini-open rotator cuff reconstruction and to evaluate potential healing improvement at long-term follow-up.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears were followed after receiving a mini-open single-row repair with a subtendinous periosteal flap augmentation. Data were collected preoperatively, after 12 months and after 11 years. Read More

Brain Nerve 2019 Apr;71(4):394-399

Division of Dermatology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine.

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a DNA repair disorder characterized by the occurrence of pigmented freckles and skin cancers on sun-exposed areas. Additionally, more than 50% of patients present with progressive degenerative neurological symptoms. Eight clinical subtypes of this condition are known, and neurological symptoms can be seen in XP-A, B, D, F, G complementation groups. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 14;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

Priapism is a relatively uncommon clinical presentation. The well-recognised causes are sickle cell anaemia and the use of medications, such as vasoactive erectile agents. Infrequently, it could be the result of lumbar spinal stenosis. Read More

Arthritis Res Ther 2019 Apr 15;21(1):97. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

The 2nd Ward of Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, No. 32, Renmin South Road, Maojian District, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to back, neck, and radicular pain, and the treatment of IDD is costly and relatively ineffective. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported to be involved in IDD. The purpose of our study is to illustrate the potential that miR-143-5p targeting eEF2 gene mediates IDD. Read More

Molecules 2019 Apr 3;24(7). Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.

Selenium is a micronutrient that is essential for the proper functioning of all organisms. Studies on the functions of selenium are rapidly developing. This element is a cofactor of many enzymes, for example, glutathione peroxidase or thioredoxin reductase. Read More

Life Sci 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS), a natural component of garlic (Allium sativum), in the improvement of lead (Pb)-induced testicular toxicity and its underlying mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two male albino rats were randomly divided into control, PbAc (20 mg lead acetate/kg bwt, orally), DAS (200 mg/kg bwt, orally), and PbAc + DAS groups for 49 successive days. The investigation based on the following criteria: Paired testes and epididymides weights, epididymal sperm analysis, level of serum sex hormones (Testosterone and17β-estradiol (E2)), aromatase (CYP19) expression, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme, reduced glutathione (GSH), testicular histopathology, spermatogenesis score and apoptosis detection (Caspase-3 immunoexpression). Read More

J Control Release 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. Electronic address:

Retinal gene therapy has had unprecedented success in generating treatments that can halt vision loss. However, immunogenic response and long-term toxicity with the use of viral vectors remain a concern. Non-viral vectors are relatively non-immunogenic, scalable platforms that have limited success with DNA delivery to the eye. Read More

Exp Neurol 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sydney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Understanding the basic properties of how axons respond to injury in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is of fundamental value for developing strategies to promote neural repair. Axons possess complex morphologies with stereotypical branching patterns. However, current knowledge of the axonal response to injury gives little consideration to axonal branches, nor do strategies to promote axon regeneration. Read More

Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019 Apr;1442(1):138-152

Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York.

Cartilage injury, such as full-thickness lesions, predisposes patients to the premature development of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. While surgical management of cartilage lesions has improved, long-term clinical efficacy has stagnated, owing to the lack of hyaline cartilage regeneration and inadequate graft-host integration. This study tests the hypothesis that integration of cartilage grafts with native cartilage can be improved by enhancing the migration of chondrocytes across the graft-host interface via the release of chemotactic factor from a degradable polymeric mesh. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Apr;98(15):e15192

Department of Neurosurgery, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University Medical Faculty, Başbağlar Mah, Center of City Erzincan, Turkey.

Background: This is an immunohistologic study of gene expression between patients and controls.This study aims to evaluate expression of the catalase gene in hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (LF) specimens obtained from patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS).LSCS is one of the most common spinal disorders. Read More

J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

From the Department of Orthopaedics, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University Columbus, OH.

Introduction: The Center for Medicare Services currently bundles all shoulder arthroplasties, total shoulder arthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, into one Diagnosis-Related Group on which bundled reimbursements are then further characterized. An arthroplasty performed for traumatic indications, such as fractures, may have a different postoperative course of care compared with the one being done for degenerative arthritis/osteoarthritis (OA), despite having the same Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and Diagnosis-related Group code.

Methods: The 2012 to 2016 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program databases were queried using CPT-23472 to retrieve records of patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty/reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis/OA or proximal humerus fracture. Read More