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Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 May;25(10):3745-3751

Department of Endocrinology, Sakarya University Medicine Faculty, Sakarya, Turkey.

Objective: Increased calprotectin (S100A8/A9) levels have been demonstrated in many acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Subacute thyroiditis is an inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland. In our study, we investigated the value of this inflammation marker in the diagnosis and follow-up of subacute thyroiditis. Read More

Acta Radiol Open 2021 May 31;10(5):20584601211021504. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.

We describe a case of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in the thyroid gland in a 54-year-old woman who had painful thyroid enlargement. Ultrasonography showed ill-defined hypoechoic lesions without increased vascularity in both upper lobes of the thyroid gland. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was performed, and pathology showed granulomatous inflammation with necrotic debris that the pathologist suspected was subacute granulomatous thyroiditis or tuberculosis of the thyroid gland. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 3;13(5):e14815. Epub 2021 May 3.

Internal Medicine/Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, USA.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, an array of different clinical sequela and comorbid conditions have been discovered to be associated with COVID-19 infection. Of these sequela, subacute thyroiditis (SAT) causing hyperthyroidism has been prominent, more commonly affecting women. However, our case details a 49-year-old male patient with no history of thyroid disease showing signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism for six months after recovery from COVID-19 infection. Read More

Rev Clin Esp (Barc) 2021 Jun-Jul;221(6):370-372. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación en la Salud de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 May 27. Epub 2021 May 27.

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey.

Context: Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA syndrome) can be seen as a post-vaccination phenomenon that occurs after exposure to adjuvants in vaccines that increase the immune responses. There is very limited data regarding ASIA syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Objectives: This work aims to report cases of subacute thyroiditis related to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Read More

Exp Ther Med 2021 Jul 13;22(1):756. Epub 2021 May 13.

Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474, Bucharest, Romania.

In patients who were not previously diagnosed with any thyroid conditions, the scenario of COVID-19-related anomalies of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axes may include either: A process of central thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) disturbances via virus-related hypophysitis; an atypical type of subacute thyroiditis which is connected to the virus spread or to excessive cytokine production including a destructive process with irreversible damage of the gland or low T3 (triiodothyronine) syndrome (so called non-thyroid illness syndrome) which is not specifically related to the COVID-19 infection, but which is associated with a very severe illness status. Our objective here was to briefly review thyroid changes due to the COVID-19 infection. Ongoing assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic will reveal more information on coronavirus-induced thyroid conditions. Read More

Endocr Pract 2021 Jun 13;27(6):594-600. Epub 2020 Dec 13.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The optimal steroid regimen in the treatment of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is controversial. This study aims to compare low- and high-dose steroid regimens in the treatment of SAT.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective observational cohort study with up to 1 year of follow-up was conducted. Read More

Am J Med Sci 2021 May 20. Epub 2021 May 20.

Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Virology and Immunology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid dysfunction of viral origin. Relatively little is known about its occurrence in SARS CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients. Herein, we report a case of SAT in a 58 year old patient apparently triggered by infection with SARS CoV-2. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021 Jun 2:1-23. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Competence Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

: During the COVID-19 pandemic thyroid gland alteration/dysfunction has been emerged as a possible endocrine complication. The present review is focused on inflammatory and autoimmune thyroid complications triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection by searching through databases like MEDLINE and Scopus up to April 2021.: Beside the occurrence of 'non-thyroidal illness' in severe clinical conditions, alterations of thyroid function and structure may occur during COVID-19 as a consequence of either direct or indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gland. Read More

Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2021 Apr 3;5(2):330-337. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Thyroid Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Objective: To investigate and characterize the clinical and radiologic features of 10 patients with painful subacute thyroiditis with ultrasound findings considered suspicious for malignancy or for whom biopsy of a suspicious area was recommended by an attending radiologist.

Patients And Methods: Ten patients with painful subacute thyroiditis were seen from June 1, 2016, through January 1, 2019. All 10 patients presented to an endocrine or thyroid clinic with a neck ultrasound report stating findings suspicious for malignancy or nodular disease. Read More

Ear Nose Throat J 2021 May 11:1455613211012114. Epub 2021 May 11.

Department of Internal Medicine, 209002Bahat Hosphital, Sultangazi, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in the last year, it has been revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) does not only cause viral respiratory tract infection but can also affect many organs in the short or long term. In our study, we aimed to reveal that COVID-19 infection affects the endocrine system and triggers subacute thyroiditis (SAT) in the acute period.

Material And Method: In our retrospective study, the ear-nose-throat examination, internal diseases consultation (investigation of COVID-19 symptoms and polymerase chain reaction [PCR] test), routine blood tests, T3, T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, antithyroglobulin (anti-TG), antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroid scintigraphy, and thyroid ultrasonography results of 5 patients who applied to the otorhinolaryngology clinic due to complaints of neck pain and odynophagia between April 2020 and February 2021 were examined. Read More

Cancer Cytopathol 2021 May 10. Epub 2021 May 10.

Department of Pathology, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021 May 5. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, 93-338, Lodz, Poland.

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis and determinants of the clinical course were unclear for many decades. The last few years have brought many clinically significant new data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of SAT. Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were demonstrated not only to increase the risk of SAT, but also to correlate with SAT clinical course and determine the risk of recurrence. Read More

SN Compr Clin Med 2021 Apr 29:1-13. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

King Edward Medical University, Lahore, 54000 Pakistan.

The multisystem effects of SARS-CoV-2 encompass the thyroid gland as well. Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can act as a trigger for subacute thyroiditis (SAT). We conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar to identify cases of subacute thyroiditis associated with COVID-19 and evaluated patient-level demographics, major clinical features, laboratory findings and outcomes. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021 Jan-Dec;9:23247096211009412

Malcom Randall Veteran Hospital, Gainesville, FL, USA.

A 67-year-old male was admitted with shortness of breath and diarrhea. His COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction test was positive, and he was found to be in acute heart failure. Troponin levels were elevated, echocardiogram showed ejection fraction of 24%, and his electrocardiogram was normal. Read More

Arch Endocrinol Metab 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Departamento de Tireoide, Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

This position statement was prepared to guide endocrinologists on the best approach to managing thyroid disorders during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The most frequent thyroid hormonal findings in patients with COVID-19, particularly in individuals with severe disease, are similar to those present in the non-thyroidal illness syndrome and require no intervention. Subacute thyroiditis has also been reported during COVID-19 infection. Read More

Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021 06 11;22(2):485-491. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to cause multi-organ effects including endocrine disorders. The impact of COVID-19 on the thyroid gland has been described but several aspects have to be clarified. The systematic review was conceived to achieve more solid information about: 1) which thyroid disease or dysfunction should be expected in COVID-19 patients; 2) whether thyroid patients have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; 3) whether the management has to be adapted in thyroid patient when infected. Read More

Int J Endocrinol 2021 26;2021:5588592. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Locarno Regional Hospital, Locarno, Switzerland.

Purpose: To search for a clinical potential link between subacute thyroiditis (SAT) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a series of patients diagnosed with SAT during the COVID-19 pandemic, by retrospective evaluation of (1) clinical symptoms and (2) contact tracing.

Methods: SAT  patients diagnosed from March to December 2020 were enrolled. The presence of typical clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2, diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2, and contact with other individuals proven to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 were searched. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):3000605211004702

Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid (PSCCT) is a rare and rapidly progressive malignancy that carries a poor prognosis. PSCCT is easily misdiagnosed as acute thyroiditis or as another thyroid malignancy. We have reported a 76-year-old woman who presented with progressive neck pain for 1 month. Read More

Georgian Med News 2021 Feb(311):98-103

2I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russian Federation, Department of Faculty Surgery N2, Russian Federation.

The COVID-19 pandemia has shown that there is not enough knowledge today to fully control it. Along with severe respiratory syndrome, attention has recently been paid to extrapulmonary lesions, including endocrinopathies. The aim of the study was to summarize the current literature data about the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus on the thyroid gland. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021 May-Jun;15(3):683-686. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Clin J Gastroenterol 2021 Jun 1;14(3):866-875. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.

Purpose: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an inflammatory condition commonly complicated by mild liver dysfunction. However, severe liver failure is rarely reported. We report three cases of severe acute hepatic failure (ALF) associated with AOSD. Read More

New Microbes New Infect 2021 May 22;41:100871. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

We report the first case of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting with subacute thyroiditis in Ghaemshar, Mazandaran Province, Iran. In our patient, with the initiation of corticosteroid therapy, the symptoms of subacute thyroiditis gradually disappeared with a slow increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the gradual elimination of thyrotoxicosis. This case shows that decreased TSH and persistent thyrotoxicosis may make the patient's condition worse. Read More

Endocrine 2021 05 27;72(2):326-331. Epub 2021 Mar 27.

Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic diseases, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Unit CHU-Larrey, Toulouse, France.

The world is dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic due to the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Amongst the extra-pulmonary manifestations presented by Covid-19 patients, thyroiditis form part of the spectrum of visceral involvement linked to SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will describe the various documented clinical forms of thyroiditis (inflammatory thyroiditis, subacute or de Quervain's thyroiditis, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease, painless (silent) postpartum thyroiditis) to facilitate their diagnosis in more or less symptomatic Covid-19 patients and to provide guidance for patient treatment. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2021 Mar 25. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Apulia, Italy.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction has been observed in patients with COVID-19, and endocrinologists are requested to understand this clinical issue. Pandemic-related restrictions and reorganization of healthcare services may affect thyroid disease management.

Objective And Methods: To analyze and discuss the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid diseases from several perspectives. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2021 Feb 5;9(6):324-328. Epub 2020 Nov 5.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA.

Introduction: The novel severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has led to the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease pandemic. There are increasing reports of extrapulmonary clinical features of COVID-19, either as initial presentations or sequelae of disease. We report a patient diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis precipitated by COVID-19 infection, as well as review the literature of similar cases. Read More

Eur Thyroid J 2021 Feb 30;9(6):321-323. Epub 2020 Oct 30.

Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Amir-Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. The classic presentation of COVID-19 infection was described as fever, myalgia, cough, and fatigue. Whether coronavirus can directly attack the endocrine glands is unclear. Read More

Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021 Feb 24;36(1):201-202. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Diagn Cytopathol 2021 Mar 3. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.

We report a case of atypical de Quervain's thyroiditis diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance by cytology and suspicious for cancer by Afirma Genomic Sequencing Classifier. A 71-year-old male underwent thyroid ultrasound for goiter and was found to have two American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 high-suspicion nodules. The larger, 2. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Mar 2. Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Centre for Endocrinology, Barts, London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

The literature on COVID-19-related thyroid complications has accumulated over the past year or so as the pandemic has accelerated throughout the world. In particular, several recent case reports have been published describing a possible correlation between COVID-19 disease and subacute thyroiditis (SAT). In this review, we briefly present one of our own patients and review the current published literature in this area up to January 2021, including analyses of major series of thyroid function tests in patients with significant COVID-19 infection. Read More