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Exp Ther Med 2022 Jul 18;24(1):451. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Urology, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China.

Epithelial tumors that originate from the kidney are uncommon. The majority of cases reported in the literature are malignant, with <1% of adenocarcinomas. Adenomas are even rarer. Read More

Cureus 2022 Apr 22;14(4):e24365. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

Pediatric Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, PAK.

Objective To determine the frequency of acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) in children on chronic hemodialysis. Material and methods In this single-center cross-sectional study, 150 children were included who were on chronic hemodialysis for six months. Ultrasound was done to see the renal cysts. Read More

Exp Clin Transplant 2022 05;20(Suppl 3):122-125

From the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Objectives: Nephronophthisis is the most common genetic cause of kidney failure in childhood. Treatment for nephronophthisis is symptomatic, and kidney transplant is a good treatment option when kidney failure has developed. We reported the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with primary diagnosis of juvenile nephronophthisis who were followed-up in our center. Read More

Am J Kidney Dis 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Electronic address:

Metabolic alkalosis is a widespread acid-base disturbance, especially in hospitalized patients. It is characterized by the primary elevation of serum bicarbonate and arterial pH, along with a compensatory increase in Pco consequent to adaptive hypoventilation. The pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis involves either a loss of fixed acid or a net accumulation of bicarbonate within the extracellular fluid. Read More

Adv Pharm Bull 2022 Jan 19;12(1):102-108. Epub 2021 Jul 19.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious contemporary public health problem. Different CE treatment methods are of considerable importance, with albendazole (ABZ) being one of the most preferred drugs for CE treatment and prophylaxis. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity caused by ABZ and ABZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in mice with experimental hydatid cyst. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Apr 14;23(8). Epub 2022 Apr 14.

Research Center of Transport Protein for Medical Innovation, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.

Renal cyst expansion in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) involves abnormalities in both cyst-lining-cell proliferation and fluid accumulation. Suppression of these processes may retard the progression of PKD. Evidence suggests that the activation of 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated chloride secretion, leading to reduced progression of PKD. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2022 Apr 5. Epub 2022 Apr 5.

Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Haidian District, Beijing, China.

Abstract: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare disease that was often accompanied with urinary obstruction. The focal form of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is frequently misdiagnosed as malignancy. Here we present FDG PET/CT findings of a case focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 66-year-old woman with polycystic liver and kidney disease. Read More

Am J Pathol 2022 Jun 28;192(6):862-875. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. Electronic address:

Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD), the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cystogenesis are not fully understood. This study describes a novel pathway involved in cyst formation. Transgenic mice overexpressing netrin-1 in proximal tubular cells showed increased production and urinary excretion of netrin-1. Read More

BMC Endocr Disord 2022 Mar 26;22(1):77. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLAJinniu DistrictSichuan Province, No. 270 Rongdu Avenue, Chengdu, 610083, People's Republic of China.

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) is a rare subtype of MODYs. It is caused by mutations of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox b gene (HNF1B). 17q12 recurrent deletion syndrome usually results in MODY5 because of the deletion of HNF1B. Read More

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022 Jul 28;323(1):F59-F68. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.

Individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have a higher incidence of stone formation than the general population. However, there are no cystic animal models known to develop stones. Cystic mice compound heterozygous for hypomorphic and alleles develop cystic kidneys within a few weeks of birth but live beyond 20 wk of age, allowing for the study of cystic comorbidities including stone formation. Read More

Vet Med Sci 2022 05 3;8(3):1288-1293. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Finn Pathologists, Histopathology Department, Diss, Norfolk, UK.

A 15-year-old spayed female Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) was presented with a short history of haematuria and dysuria, non-responsive to antibiotics, and a gradual decline to inappetence over a period of 2-3 months. Ultrasound examination showed a thickened urinary bladder wall and the renal pelvis of right kidney was dilated and cystic. A presumptive diagnosis of renal failure was made, and the tigress was euthanised due to deteriorating quality of life and pronounced weight loss. Read More

Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022 03 25;17(3):374-384. Epub 2022 Feb 25.

Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Background And Objectives: The progression of polycystic liver disease is not well understood. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the associations of polycystic liver progression with other disease progression variables and classify liver progression on the basis of patient's age, height-adjusted liver cystic volume, and height-adjusted liver volume.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: Prospective longitudinal magnetic resonance images from 670 patients with early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease for up to 14 years of follow-up were evaluated to measure height-adjusted liver cystic volume and height-adjusted liver volume. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2022 Jan;75(1):1-6

Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, España.

Objective: Contrast enhanced ultrasound(CE) consists of the intravenous injection of gasmicrobubbles and their detection within the kidney in differentphases. CE is more accurate than contrast enhancedtomography for detection of septa and wall thicknessvascularization in cystic renal lesions. The purposes ofthis study are to confirm the usefulness of this tool in thecharacterization of complex cystic renal masses and toassess its histological correlation. Read More

Transl Cancer Res 2021 Sep;10(9):4256-4261

Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney (MESTK) is rare renal neoplasm, which usually behaves benignly, while very rarely malignancies have also been reported. Histologically, MESTK is composed of both mesenchymal and epithelial components, where the epithelial components are arranged in a tubular or tubule-cystic pattern against a background of ovarian-like stromal proliferation. MESTK is more commonly seen in perimenopausal women or in patients on long-term estrogen replacement therapy. Read More

Clin Nucl Med 2022 Apr;47(4):369-371

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Abstract: Cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) refers to an indolent version of RCC composed predominantly of cysts, and it is associated with good prognosis. We showed the FDG PET/CT findings in a patient with multiple hypermetabolic bone metastases presenting with pain in the left shoulder and upper abdomen, who was later found to have cystic RCC. FDG PET/CT demonstrated hypermetabolic bone lesions and slight thickening of the renal cyst wall with light metabolism. Read More

Avian Dis 2021 12;65(4):600-611

Veterinary Diagnostic Pathology, LLC, Fort Valley, VA 22652,

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute disease of chickens caused by a gammacoronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Infection of the nasal and tracheal mucosa causes a rapid loss of ciliated epithelium and impaired mucociliary clearance that predispose chickens to secondary bacterial infections. In poultry production, disease progression and severity are influenced by other live virus vaccines, immunosuppression, and coexisting pathogens. Read More

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022 03 17;322(3):F258-F267. Epub 2022 Jan 17.

Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney disease and affects 1 in 1,000 individuals. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that there are shared cellular mechanisms responsible for cystogenesis in human and murine PKD and that reprogramming of metabolism is a key disease feature. In this study, we used a targeted metabolomics approach in an orthologous mouse model of PKD () to investigate the metabolic modifications a cystic kidney undergoes during disease progression. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2022 01 3;23(1). Epub 2022 Jan 3.

Divsion of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) cover a spectrum of structural malformations that result from aberrant morphogenesis of kidney and urinary tract. It is the most prevalent cause of kidney failure in children. Hence, it is important from a clinical perspective to unravel the molecular etiology of kidney and urinary tract malformations. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2022 02 12;18(1):90.e1-90.e8. Epub 2021 Nov 12.

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, South Korea.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the clinical and imaging findings, including ultrasonography (US) findings, and long-term follow-up results in pediatric patients with localized cystic disease of the kidney (LCDK).

Material And Methods: Retrospective review of pediatric patients diagnosed with LCDK based on imaging findings showing multiple localized renal cysts with intervening normal renal parenchyma from January 2002 to August 2020. Clinical presentations and US features of the affected and contralateral kidneys were reviewed and compared with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging findings, if available. Read More

Pancreas 2021 10;50(9):1305-1309

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.

Objectives: It is unknown to what extent coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) may co-occur with acute pancreatitis (AP) in children and how their clinical course may differ from children with AP alone.

Methods: An online survey was sent to pediatric gastroenterologists to report on COVID-19 and AP cases from December 11, 2020, to February 26, 2021.

Results: From 72 respondents (20 countries, 5 continents), 22 cases of positive COVID-19 infection and AP were reported. Read More

Cell Chem Biol 2022 03 24;29(3):412-422.e4. Epub 2021 Nov 24.

Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, BSRB 2049, 109 Zina Pitcher Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address:

The Pax family of developmental control genes are frequently deregulated in human disease. In the kidney, Pax2 is expressed in developing nephrons but not in adult proximal and distal tubules, whereas polycystic kidney epithelia or renal cell carcinoma continues to express high levels. Pax2 reduction in mice or cell culture can slow proliferation of cystic epithelial cells or renal cancer cells. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2022 Jan 9;40:101929. Epub 2021 Nov 9.

Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Urology Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Renal cysts can be identified using standard medical imaging and, a histological diagnosis is not required. However, lesions that are more complex require a detailed characterization to allow for determination of differential diagnosis and subsequent management approach. Oncocytoma is a benign epithelial tumor of the kidney, which usually presents as a solid tumor with a central stellate scar. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2021 3;2021:9900560. Epub 2021 Sep 3.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Giant hydronephrosis is a rare urologic problem defined as a collection of more than one liter of urine in the collecting system. The radiologic appearance may mimic benign cystic disease of the kidney. We report a case of giant hydronephrosis in a 32-year-old female who presented with progressive abdominal swelling of two-year duration, caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction with more than nine liters of urine in the collecting system. Read More

Kidney Med 2021 Sep-Oct;3(5):785-798. Epub 2021 Jun 29.

Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Rationale & Objective: The etiology of kidney disease remains unknown in many individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We created the Mayo Clinic Nephrology Genomics Clinic to improve our ability to integrate genomic and clinical data to identify the etiology of unexplained CKD.

Study Design: Retrospective study. Read More

Radiology 2022 02 2;302(2):367. Epub 2021 Nov 2.

From the Department of Radiology, University of New Mexico, MSC10 5530, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.

Radiology 2022 02 2;302(2):357-366. Epub 2021 Nov 2.

From the University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Room B2 A209A, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5030.

Background The Bosniak classification system for cystic renal masses was updated in 2019 in part to improve agreement compared with the 2005 version. Purpose To compare and investigate interrater agreement of Bosniak version 2019 and Bosniak version 2005 at CT and MRI. Materials and Methods In this retrospective single-center study, a blinded eight-reader assessment was performed in which 195 renal masses prospectively considered Bosniak IIF-IV (95 at CT, 100 at MRI, from 2006 to 2019 with version 2005) were re-evaluated with Bosniak versions 2019 and 2005. Read More

Cureus 2021 Sep 19;13(9):e18094. Epub 2021 Sep 19.

Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, USA.

Kidneys influence the production of red blood cells by secreting most of the erythropoietin (EPO) in adults. Consequently, renal diseases often impact erythropoiesis and hemoglobin levels. Chronic kidney diseases lead to anemia due to EPO deficiency. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021 Oct 22;70:102888. Epub 2021 Sep 22.

Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.

Introduction And Importance: A MEST is a rare renal tumor, with stromal as well as epithelial components. It is predominantly benign and local recurrence is not very common. In the majority of the cases, it occurs in females. Read More

Pancreas 2021 08;50(7):906-915

Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine.

Abstract: A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities in pancreatic pain. The event was held on July 21, 2021, and structured into 4 sessions: (1) pathophysiology; (2) biomarkers, mediators, and pharmacology of pain; (3) pain assessment; and (4) pain treatment challenges and opportunities. The current state of knowledge was reviewed; many knowledge gaps and research needs were identified that require further investigation. Read More

Nat Genet 2021 12 11;53(12):1649-1663. Epub 2021 Oct 11.

Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Initiation of cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) occurs when kidney tubule cells are rendered null for either PKD1 or PKD2 by somatic 'second hit' mutations. Subsequent cyst progression remodels the organ through changes in tubule cell shape, proliferation and secretion. The kidney develops inflammation and fibrosis. Read More