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J Food Prot 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

NMBU NMBU PO box 369 sentrum NORWAY Oslo ----- Select State ----- 0102 +4767232299.

Berries are potential vehicles for the transmission of parasites and have been implicated in illness outbreaks in various countries around the world, particularly in the USA. Although data on contamination of fresh produce with foodborne parasites have been obtained from different global regions, data from Colombia are lacking despite South America being a major producer of fresh produce, which is consumed both nationally and exported. In this study, we used a previously published multiplex qPCR approach for investigating contamination of strawberries purchased in either supermarkets or local markets from each of the 20 localities. Read More

Acta Trop 2020 May 3;207:105516. Epub 2020 May 3.

Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: A test comparison of in-house and commercial real-time PCR (qPCR) kits for the detection of human parasites and microsporidia in stool samples was conducted without a gold standard. Three different commercial kits were included in the comparison, with a range of 3-15 different PCR targets, while 14 targets were covered by in-house testing, so not all 16 target pathogens were covered by all assays.

Methods: Residual materials from nucleic acid extractions of stool samples with very high likelihood of being colonized or infected by at least one enteric parasite species or microsporidia were tested. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020 Mar 26:115048. Epub 2020 Mar 26.

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:

In Cuba, there are few studies on cyclosporiasis. Here, we report results from 1247 stool samples from symptomatic patients that were examined by microscopy methods and positive cases confirmed by nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene, followed by sequencing. Seven positive samples, all diagnosed during May-June, were confirmed by the molecular method, indicating an occurrence in this patient cohort of 0. Read More

Microorganisms 2020 Apr 15;8(4). Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement Travail), Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France.

This study aims at evaluating the performances of the multiplex PCR Allplex Gastrointestinal Panel-Parasite Assay (GIPPA), which detects , spp., , , , and , by comparison to microscopy. A retrospective evaluation was conducted on a series of positive clinical samples ( = 99) stored at -80 °C or at +4 °C. Read More

J Parasitol 2020 Apr;106(2):295-307

Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of humans of known and growing importance. However, we are surprisingly naïve as to our understanding of how to diagnose it and how it develops inside the human body. Here we provide details of the developmental stages of C. Read More

Parasite 2020 10;27:24. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an intestinal parasite responsible for the diarrheal illness, cyclosporiasis. Molecular genotyping, using targeted amplicon sequencing, provides a complementary tool for outbreak investigations, especially when epidemiological data are insufficient for linking cases and identifying clusters. The goal of this study was to identify candidate genotyping markers using a novel workflow for detection of segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in C. Read More

Kobe J Med Sci 2020 Feb 10;65(4):E118-E123. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao, Thailand.

Cockroaches are the greatest potential mechanical vector of various pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and species type of human pathogenic parasite infestations on the external body surface of the cockroaches. A total of 450 cockroaches collected from three fresh markets were identified in three species belonging to Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea and Periplaneta australasiae. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2020 Mar 6;13(1):122. Epub 2020 Mar 6.

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA.

Background: Outbreaks of cyclosporiasis, a diarrheal illness caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis, have been a public health issue in the USA since the mid 1990's. In 2018, 2299 domestically acquired cases of cyclosporiasis were reported in the USA as a result of multiple large outbreaks linked to different fresh produce commodities. Outbreak investigations are hindered by the absence of standardized molecular epidemiological tools for C. Read More

Food Microbiol 2020 Aug 26;89:103447. Epub 2020 Jan 26.

Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369 Center, 0102, Oslo, Norway.

The potential public health impact of foodborne parasites (FBP) transmitted via contaminated fresh produces indicates the necessity for robust and reliable laboratory methods for their detection and identification on this infection vehicle. Standardization of methods for detection of common FBP in fresh produce is to be expected and ensuring that the DNA extraction approach is most appropriate for the FBP of interest and for the matrix being analyzed is also important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of two commercially available DNA extraction procedures, the UNEX-based method and DNeasy PowerSoil kit in the detection of three protozoan parasites, C. Read More

Foods 2020 Mar 2;9(3). Epub 2020 Mar 2.

Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Querétaro 76010, México.

Due to recent outbreaks of cyclosporiasis associated with consumption of fresh berries, producers are demanding modern microbiological tools for the rapid and accurate identification of the human pathogen in berries and environmental samples. The aim of the present work was to develop a molecular tool based on a PCR approach for the rapid and accurate detection of . A nested PCR assay was validated for the amplification of a 294 bp size region of the gene from . Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020 11;10:43. Epub 2020 Feb 11.

College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.

Cyclosporiasis is caused by the coccidian parasite and is associated with large and complex food-borne outbreaks worldwide. Associated symptoms include severe watery diarrhea, particularly in infants, and immune dysfunction. With the globalization of human food supply, the occurrence of cyclosporiasis has been increasing in both food growing and importing countries. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 Apr;102(4):884-888

Myanmar Australia Research Collaboration for Health (MARCH), Yangon, Myanmar.

The impact of HIV infection on the burden of gastrointestinal pathogens in Myanmar is poorly defined. Stools of 103 HIV-infected and 105 HIV-uninfected adult outpatients at a tertiary referral hospital in Yangon were examined microscopically. Stool antigen tests for infection were positive in 63/103 (61%) HIV-infected and 61/105 (58%) HIV-uninfected patients ( = 0. Read More

J Food Prot 2020 Jan 21:326-330. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

During July 2017, Texas public health officials noted an increase in the number of reported cyclosporiasis cases. They detected a cluster in the Houston metropolitan area that involved four locations of a Mediterranean restaurant chain, restaurant A. A case-control study was conducted among patrons of restaurant A to identify a common food vehicle among items containing fresh produce. Read More

Food Microbiol 2020 May 4;87:103397. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD, USA. Electronic address:

Outbreaks and sporadic cases of Cyclospora cayetanensis have been linked to consumption of berries. The efficacy of the U.S. Read More

Jpn J Infect Dis 2020 May 25;73(3):187-192. Epub 2019 Dec 25.

Department of Parasitology, Ege University Medical School.

Intestinal protozoan parasites are common causes of infectious diarrhea in children receiving anticancer therapy or undergoing transplantation. Additionally, immunosuppression therapy in such patients may exacerbate the symptoms related to these parasitic infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and diagnostic importance of parasitic protozoan infections in children treated for malignancies or undergoing transplantation, and to highlight the control of intestinal parasitic infections for immunosuppressed patients at a hospital in İzmir, Turkey. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2020 Jan 28;58(2). Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Communicable Disease Division, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Exp Parasitol 2020 Jan 18;208:107807. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy. Electronic address:

Foodborne parasites, most of which are zoonotic, represent an important human health hazard. These pathogens which include both protozoa (e.g. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2019 Dec 31;43(4):686-695. Epub 2019 Jul 31.

2Biotechnology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats are predominant around the world. They may be the underlying cause of the pathological and immunological consequences leading to significant economic losses of the goat industry. The main aim of the current research was to reveal the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, including protozoa, trematodes, and nematodes in the fecal samples of goats in the goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. Read More

Parasitology 2020 02 8;147(2):160-170. Epub 2019 Nov 8.

International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Province China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450046, China.

Cyclospora cayetanensis, a coccidian parasite that causes protracted and relapsing gastroenteritis, has a short recorded history. At least 54 countries have documented C. cayetanensis infections and 13 of them have recorded cyclosporiasis outbreaks. Read More

Can Commun Dis Rep 2019 Sep 5;45(9):225-229. Epub 2019 Sep 5.

BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC.

Background: is an intestinal parasite that is not endemic in Canada. However, national outbreaks of locally acquired cases have been reported since 2013. These outbreaks were suspected to be associated with consumption of produce imported from countries where is endemic. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2019 Dec 11;207:107772. Epub 2019 Oct 11.

Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Cyclosporiasis is an emerging worldwide infection caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Cyclospora cayetanensis. In immunocompetent patients, it is mainly manifested by self-limited diarrhea, which is persistent and may be fatal in immunocompromised patients. The standard treatment for cyclosporiasis is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Read More

Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020 Feb 7;17(2):67-86. Epub 2019 Oct 7.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland.

To strengthen the burden estimates for chronic sequelae of foodborne illness, we conducted a scoping review of the current literature for common foodborne pathogens and their associated sequelae. We aim to describe the current literature and gaps in knowledge of chronic sequelae associated with common foodborne illnesses. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published January 1, 2000 to April 1, 2018. Read More

Food Res Int 2019 11 23;125:108636. Epub 2019 Aug 23.

Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Adamstuen Campus, P.O. Box 369, 0102 Oslo, Norway.

Foodborne parasites (FBP) are of major public health importance and warrant appropriate detection and control strategies. Most of the FBP considered for risk-ranking by a panel of experts are potentially transmitted via consumption of contaminated fresh produce, including berries. In this study we focused on the potential of three FBP, namely Echinococcus multilocularis, Toxoplamsa gondii, and Cyclospora cayetanensis, as contaminants of berries. Read More

Front Microbiol 2019 27;10:1939. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.

is a coccidian parasite that is associated with foodborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal illnesses. Raspberries have been implicated as a vehicle of infection in some of these outbreaks. Most of the molecular techniques used for the detection of parasites commonly use the 18s rRNA as a target gene, which is highly conserved. Read More

Microorganisms 2019 Sep 4;7(9). Epub 2019 Sep 4.

Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.

is a coccidian parasite of humans, with a direct fecal-oral transmission cycle. It is globally distributed and an important cause of foodborne outbreaks of enteric disease in many developed countries, mostly associated with the consumption of contaminated fresh produce. Because oocysts are excreted unsporulated and need to sporulate in the environment, direct person-to-person transmission is unlikely. Read More

Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2019 ;112(2):61-70

Laboratoire d'hydrobiologie et environnement, Université de Yaoundé 1 BP 337 Yaoundé 1, Cameroun.

In order to evaluate the abundance of oocysts in the Mezam watershed in Bamenda, Northwest Region of Cameroon, a study was carried out from January to June 2017. Samples were collected monthly from 13 stations within the watershed. The direct concentration method and the Ziehl-Neelsen technique were employed in the identification of these parasites. Read More

Int J Food Microbiol 2019 Oct 9;307:108292. Epub 2019 Aug 9.

International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan Province China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China. Electronic address:

Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi are known etiological agents of self-limiting diarrhea, chronic disorders, and severe debilitating illnesses in humans, particularly children and patients with immunodeficiency diseases. To assess the pathogen carriage status of raw vegetables and fruits and the potential transmission routes of the aforementioned parasites in Henan province, China, a total of 1099 vegetables and fruits samples (21 items) were purchased and collected from agricultural farms or open markets. Read More

Food Microbiol 2019 Dec 24;84:103252. Epub 2019 Jun 24.

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.

Pathogen contamination of fresh produce presents a health risk for consumers; however, the produce industry still lacks adequate tools for simultaneous detection of protozoan parasites. Here, a simple multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay was developed for detection of protozoan (oo)cysts and compared with previously published real-time PCR assays and microscopy methods. The assay was evaluated for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and Toxoplasma gondii followed by parasite differentiation via either a nested specific PCR or a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2019 Sep 19;43(3):402-405. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

4Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.

From among intestinal parasites, coccidian intestinal parasites such as (previously known as ), and are well-known as opportunist parasites, particularly in patients with cancer. This study assessed the prevalence of and in patients with cancer in Lorestan Province, Southwest of Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 87 patients with colorectal cancers, referred to the general hospitals of Lorestan from October 2017 to August 2018. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Nov 27;38(11):2103-2112. Epub 2019 Jul 27.

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusber Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.

In acute gastroenteritis (AGE), identification of the infectious agent is important for patient management. Since symptoms do not reliably identify the agent, microbiological diagnostics are important. Conventional methods lack sensitivity and often take days. Read More

Ann Glob Health 2019 07 5;85(1). Epub 2019 Jul 5.

Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG.

Background: Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected individuals. This is due to the colonization of the intestinal tract by parasites influenced by induced enteropathy caused by HIV infection. CD+4 t-lymphocytes count is a marker of the immune status of HIV infected individuals. Read More

MSMR 2019 Jun;26(6):14-17

Diarrheal illnesses have an enormous impact on military operations in the deployed and training environments. While bacteria and viruses are the usual causes of gastrointestinal disease outbreaks, 2 Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, TX, training populations experienced an outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis in June and July 2018. Cases were identified from outpatient medical records and responses to patient questionnaires. Read More

Gac Med Mex 2019 ;155(3):328-329

Secretaría de Salud, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México.

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 07;25(7):1314-1319

Cyclosporiasis is an infection caused by Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is acquired by consumption of contaminated fresh food or water. In the United States, cases of cyclosporiasis are often associated with foodborne outbreaks linked to imported fresh produce or travel to disease-endemic countries. Epidemiologic investigation has been the primary method for linking outbreak cases. Read More

Infez Med 2019 Jun;27(2):168-174

School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

Opportunistic parasites are still important agents causing morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly those living with HIV/AIDS. Few studies in Mexico have attempted to determine the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasites causing diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. A study was conducted to determine the intestinal parasites in HIV-positive and HIV-negative immunocompromised patients with diarrhea admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Monterrey, Mexico, from 2014 to 2015. Read More

Parasitology 2019 09 20;146(10):1275-1283. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Sexually reproducing pathogens such as Cyclospora cayetanensis often produce genetically heterogeneous infections where the number of unique sequence types detected at any given locus varies depending on which locus is sequenced. The genotypes assigned to these infections quickly become complex when additional loci are analysed. This genetic heterogeneity confounds the utility of traditional sequence-typing and phylogenetic approaches for aiding epidemiological trace-back, and requires new methods to address this complexity. Read More

Clin Transplant 2019 09 23;33(9):e13618. Epub 2019 Jun 23.

Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.

These updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of intestinal parasites in the pre- and post-transplant period. Intestinal parasites are prevalent in the developing regions of the world. With increasing travel to and from endemic regions, changing immigration patterns, and the expansion of transplant medicine in developing countries, they are increasingly recognized as a source of morbidity and mortality in solid-organ transplant recipients. Read More

Iran J Public Health 2019 Apr;48(4):730-739

Consult Center of Behavior Diseases, West Health Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Opportunistic parasites have been identified as human pathogens, especially in immunodeficient patients. Microsporidian and coccidian infections cause chronic diarrhea as common clinical manifestation in HIV positive patients. In this study, the frequency of opportunistic infections, including microsporidian and coccidian infections, was evaluated in HIV/AIDS patients from Tehran and phylogenic analysis was performed for isolates from these patients. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019 Sep 29;95(1):10-14. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Though the FilmArray GI Panel has a reported aggregate specificity and reproducibility of >97% and > 99%, respectively, the reproducibility is less understood in clinical practice. We measured the reproducibility of positive results for low-prevalence pathogens. Samples with positive results for selected targets were repeated using a different FilmArray module. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 Apr 26;68(16):369-373. Epub 2019 Apr 26.

Foodborne diseases represent a major health problem in the United States. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program monitors cases of laboratory-diagnosed infection caused by eight pathogens transmitted commonly through food in 10 U.S. Read More

MMWR Surveill Summ 2019 04 19;68(3):1-16. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, CDC.

Problem/condition: Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is transmissible by ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water. Cyclosporiasis is most common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the United States, foodborne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of imported fresh produce (e. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2019 Feb 27;167:18-25. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

European moles (Talpa europaea) are a common species in the UK, but there are few published data on the causes of mortality in these animals. An opportunistic post-mortem study was carried out on 44 moles found dead or dying in Cornwall, UK. Assessment of muscle condition and fat reserves, where possible, indicated that most (27 of 37, 73%) were in good nutritive condition. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 07 15;19(7):e226-e236. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Electronic address:

Cyclospora species are socioeconomically important protistan pathogens. Cyclospora cayetanensis is usually transmitted via food or water to a human host via the faecal-oral route and can cause the gastrointestinal disease cyclosporiasis, which can be complicated by extra-intestinal disorders, particularly in immune-compromised people. Although more than 2 million children die each year from diarrhoeal diseases worldwide, it is not known to what extent cyclosporiasis is involved. Read More

Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019 Feb;10(1):39-48

Department of Medical Sciences and Life, University Center of the Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico.

Methods: A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of

Results: The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77. Read More

Parasite 2019 31;26. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a human parasite transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cases of C. cayetanensis infection acquired in the United States often go unexplained, partly because of the difficulties associated with epidemiologic investigations of such cases and the lack of genotyping methods. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2019 Jan 21;12(1):47. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.

Background: Cyclospora cayetanensis is an important enteric pathogen, causing diarrhea and food-borne cyclosporiasis outbreaks. For effective outbreak identification and investigation, it is essential to rapidly assess the genetic heterogeneity of C. cayetanensis specimens from cluster cases and identify the likely occurrence of outbreaks. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2018 Dec 13;42(4):604-607. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600007 India.

A total of 281 fresh fecal samples (65 sheeps and 216 goats) were examined for the presence of species in Tamil Nadu from October 2017 to April 2018. All the faecal samples were examined by direct smear method, saturated sucrose floatation technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and it was confirmed-at genus level with PCR technique. Overall prevalence of infection in-small ruminant was 2. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2018 Oct 31;56(5):419-427. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.

This study aimed to develop a new multiplex real-time PCR detection method for 3 species of waterborne protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis) identified as major causes of traveler's diarrhea. Three target genes were specifically and simultaneously detected by the TaqMan probe method for multiple parasitic infection cases, including Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, glutamate dehydrogenase for G. Read More

Open AIDS J 2018 12;12:106-116. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Collage of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

Objective: To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated with and other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Read More