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MMWR Surveill Summ 2019 Apr 19;68(3):1-16. Epub 2019 Apr 19.

Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, CDC.

Problem/condition: Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, which is transmissible by ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water. Cyclosporiasis is most common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the United States, foodborne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of imported fresh produce (e. Read More

J Comp Pathol 2019 Feb 27;167:18-25. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Scotland, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

European moles (Talpa europaea) are a common species in the UK, but there are few published data on the causes of mortality in these animals. An opportunistic post-mortem study was carried out on 44 moles found dead or dying in Cornwall, UK. Assessment of muscle condition and fat reserves, where possible, indicated that most (27 of 37, 73%) were in good nutritive condition. Read More

Lancet Infect Dis 2019 Mar 15. Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia. Electronic address:

Cyclospora species are socioeconomically important protistan pathogens. Cyclospora cayetanensis is usually transmitted via food or water to a human host via the faecal-oral route and can cause the gastrointestinal disease cyclosporiasis, which can be complicated by extra-intestinal disorders, particularly in immune-compromised people. Although more than 2 million children die each year from diarrhoeal diseases worldwide, it is not known to what extent cyclosporiasis is involved. Read More

Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019 Feb;10(1):39-48

Department of Medical Sciences and Life, University Center of the Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico.

Methods: A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of

Results: The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77. Read More

Parasite 2019 31;26. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a human parasite transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cases of C. cayetanensis infection acquired in the United States often go unexplained, partly because of the difficulties associated with epidemiologic investigations of such cases and the lack of genotyping methods. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2019 Jan 21;12(1):47. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.

Background: Cyclospora cayetanensis is an important enteric pathogen, causing diarrhea and food-borne cyclosporiasis outbreaks. For effective outbreak identification and investigation, it is essential to rapidly assess the genetic heterogeneity of C. cayetanensis specimens from cluster cases and identify the likely occurrence of outbreaks. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2018 Dec 13;42(4):604-607. Epub 2018 Oct 13.

1Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600007 India.

A total of 281 fresh fecal samples (65 sheeps and 216 goats) were examined for the presence of species in Tamil Nadu from October 2017 to April 2018. All the faecal samples were examined by direct smear method, saturated sucrose floatation technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and it was confirmed-at genus level with PCR technique. Overall prevalence of infection in-small ruminant was 2. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2018 Oct 31;56(5):419-427. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea.

This study aimed to develop a new multiplex real-time PCR detection method for 3 species of waterborne protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Cyclospora cayetanensis) identified as major causes of traveler's diarrhea. Three target genes were specifically and simultaneously detected by the TaqMan probe method for multiple parasitic infection cases, including Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein for C. parvum, glutamate dehydrogenase for G. Read More

Open AIDS J 2018 12;12:106-116. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Collage of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.

Objective: To identify the socio-behavioral risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea symptoms visiting the HIV referral clinic at Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Ghana.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 HIV/AIDS patients with recurrent diarrhea. Questionnaires were administered to collect social and behavioral risk factors associated with and other opportunistic protozoan parasitic infections in HIV patients. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2018 Oct 26;11(1):563. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, 110111, Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: Protozoan parasites such as Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Toxoplasma gondii and Entamoeba histolytica represent a great challenge to the systems producing water for human consumption because their cystic forms are persistent in the environment and resist to the disinfection methods conventionally used for their control. In this study, we investigated the presence of these protozoan pathogens in both raw and treated water samples used for the production of drinking water in Nariño Department, southwest Colombia. Read More

Gut Pathog 2018 12;10:45. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

4Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA.

Background: is a food-borne intestinal human parasite that causes outbreaks of diarrhea. There is a need for efficient laboratory methods for strain-level characterization to assist in outbreak investigations. By using next generation sequencing, genomic sequences can be obtained and compared to identify potential genotyping markers. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 Oct 5;67(39):1101-1102. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, CDC.

Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018 Sep;42(3):187-190

Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, İzmir, Türkiye.

Objective: Intestinal parasitic infections are common in immunodeficient patients. In developing countries, the incidence of diarrhea due to parasitic infections in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-positive individuals is reported to be over 90%. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of intestinal protozoa in HIV-positive patients with gastrointestinal complaints. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2018 Aug 31;56(4):371-374. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea.

A 3-month-old female Maltese puppy was hospitalized with persistent diarrhea in a local veterinary clinic. Blood chemistry and hematology profile were analyzed and fecal smear was examined. Diarrheal stools were examined in a diagnostic laboratory, using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against 23 diarrheal pathogens. Read More

Eur J Protistol 2018 Oct 17;66:77-85. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta) is a small nocturnal primate from the Philippines. Little is known about tarsier parasites, including coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a highly prevalent parasitic protist group in all vertebrate classes. Only 7 valid species of the genus Eimeria, seven species of Isospora and 5 species of Cyclospora have been described in Primates. Read More

Food Microbiol 2018 Dec 26;76:497-503. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.

The performance of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) validated method for regulatory detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis in leafy greens and berries was evaluated in additional high-risk fresh produce items and in a dish prepared with these produce commodities. Read More

Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2018 Jun;42(2):113-117

Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Van, Türkiye.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of intestinal parasites in patients hospitalized in a child intensive care unit.

Methods: The study was conducted on 150 patients between the ages of 2 months and 17 years between April 2016 and December 2016. Stool samples were tested by Native-Lugol, sedimentation (formol-ether solution), and acid fast method. Read More

Ethiop J Health Sci 2018 Mar;28(2):147-156

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

Background: Opportunistic Intestinal Parasites (OIPs) commonly cause morbidity in HIV/AIDS patients due to the decline of CD4T-cells. The burden of Opportunistic Intestinal Parasitic Infections (OIPIs) in Ethiopia is expected to be high due to poor sanitation and co-pandemicity of HIV/AIDs. Therefore, frequent assessment of the magnitude and associated factors for intestinal parasitosis is essential for the management of HIV/AIDS patients. Read More

Parasitol Res 2018 Sep 26;117(9):2869-2879. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Intestinal opportunistic infections are often caused by unicellular parasites. Individuals with decreased immunity are particularly susceptible to infection by said microorganisms, and when they are infected, diarrhea can be the main clinical manifestation. However, intestinal parasites have rarely been taken into account in intestinal disorders. Read More

Parasitol Int 2018 Dec 20;67(6):666-674. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdel Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

Outbreaks of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection have been linked to consumption of food and water contaminated by oocysts that can survive both physical and chemical disinfectants. Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) can be potentially used in food as bactericides. In this study, C. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 Jun 1;67(21):609-610. Epub 2018 Jun 1.

Environ Sci Technol 2018 Jun 11;52(12):7015-7023. Epub 2018 Jun 11.

Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center , The University of Arizona , 2959 West Calle Agua Nueva , Tucson , Arizona 85745 , United States.

Increased demand for water reuse and reclamation accentuates the importance for optimal wastewater treatment to limit protozoa in effluents. Two wastewater treatment plants utilizing advanced Bardenpho were investigated over a 12-month period to determine the incidence and reduction of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Cyclospora, and fecal indicators. Results were compared to facilities that previously operated in the same geographical area. Read More

Gut Pathog 2018 10;10:15. Epub 2018 Apr 10.

Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (OARSA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), US Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 2070 USA.

is a coccidian parasite associated with large and complex foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Linking samples from cyclosporiasis patients during foodborne outbreaks with suspected contaminated food sources, using conventional epidemiological methods, has been a persistent challenge. To address this issue, development of new methods based on potential genomically-derived markers for strain-level identification has been a priority for the food safety research community. Read More

Int J Food Microbiol 2018 Jun 26;275:8-16. Epub 2018 Mar 26.

Nestlé Research Center, Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science, CH 1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland. Electronic address:

Outbreaks of foodborne illness associated with berries often involve contamination with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus but also bacteria such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and parasites such as Cyclospora caytanensis. We evaluated the applicability of UV-C to the inactivation of pathogens on strawberries, raspberries and blueberries. Our three-step approach consisted of assessing the chemical safety of UV-C-irradiated berries, evaluating the sensory quality after UV-C treatment and finally studying the inactivation of the target microorganisms. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2018 Mar 27;11(1):206. Epub 2018 Mar 27.

Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.

Objective: Efficient and easy-to-use DNA extraction and purification methods are critical in implementing PCR-based diagnosis of pathogens. In order to optimize the routine clinical laboratory diagnosis of eukaryotic enteric pathogens, we compare, via quantitative PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, the efficiency of two DNA extraction kits: the semi-automated EZ1 (Qiagen) and the manual QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen), on six protozoa: Blastocystis spp., Cryptosporidium parvum/hominis, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Giardia intestinalis and Cystoisospora belli and one microsporidia: Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 Mar 23;67(11):324-328. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Despite ongoing food safety measures in the United States, foodborne illness continues to be a substantial health burden. The 10 U.S. Read More

Syst Parasitol 2018 03 19;95(2-3):271-279. Epub 2018 Feb 19.

Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Casper, Wyoming, 82601, USA.

Three new species of coccidians (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) are described from eastern moles, Scalopus aquaticus (Linnaeus) from Arkansas. Oöcysts of Cyclospora duszynskii n. sp. Read More

Front Med 2018 Feb 26;12(1):98-103. Epub 2018 Jan 26.

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a foodborne and waterborne pathogen that causes endemic and epidemic human diarrhea worldwide. A few epidemiological studies regarding C. cayetanensis infections in China have been conducted. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2018 Jan 20;184:121-127. Epub 2017 Dec 20.

Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging pathogen that is endemic in developing countries and responsible for many large foodborne cyclosporiasis outbreaks in North America since 1990s. Because of the lack of typing targets, the genetic diversity and population genetics of C. cayetanensis have not been investigated. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2017 6;2017:4636420. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis are caused by waterborne coccidian protozoan parasites of the genera and respectively. This study was conducted to detect and oocysts from environmental water abstracted by drinking water treatment plants and recreational activities in Sarawak, Malaysia. Water samples (12 each) were collected from Sungai Sarawak Kanan in Bau and Sungai Sarawak Kiri in Batu Kitang, respectively. Read More

Parasitology 2018 06 8;145(7):865-870. Epub 2017 Nov 8.

Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd,Laurel, MD 20708,USA.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite associated with diarrheal illness. In the USA, foodborne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been documented almost every year since the mid-1990s. The typical approach used to identify this parasite in human stools is an examination of acid-fast-stained smears under bright-field microscopy. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2017 Oct 31;55(5):523-532. Epub 2017 Oct 31.

Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

A field survey studying intestinal parasites in humans and microbial pathogen contamination at environment was performed in a Laotian rural village to identify potential risks for disease outbreaks. A parasitological investigation was conducted in Ban Lak Sip village, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR involving fecal samples from 305 inhabitants as well as water samples taken from 3 sites of the local stream. Water analysis indicated the presence of several enteric pathogens, i. Read More

Parasitol Res 2017 Nov 6;116(11):3243-3247. Epub 2017 Oct 6.

Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-oraikita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan.

Bovine intranuclear coccidiosis is caused by the protozoans Eimeria alabamensis and Cyclospora spp. Here, we characterized the disease and genetically identified the causative species in Japanese black calves with chronic and refractory watery diarrhea. Histologic examinations revealed atrophy of the jejunal villi and numerous parasites in the nucleus of epithelial cells in the jejunum. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2017 Aug 1;11(8):DC01-DC04. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

Introduction: Owing to the poor socioeconomic conditions and lack of sanitary hygiene, a large number of population in developing countries remain under constant threat of different parasitic infections causing severe morbidity and mortality. Enough measures to prevent and reduce the disease burden are still to be undertaken.

Aim: Aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of parasitic infections in patients with complaints of diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal symptoms attending a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan, India. Read More

Food Microbiol 2018 Feb 17;69:170-178. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.

A collaborative validation study was performed to evaluate the performance of a new U.S. Food and Drug Administration method developed for detection of the protozoan parasite, Cyclospora cayetanensis, on cilantro and raspberries. Read More

BMC Res Notes 2017 Sep 7;10(1):464. Epub 2017 Sep 7.

Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis and Cryptosporidium parvum infections among people living a slum in Kathmandu valley, Nepal.

Results: Ten different parasites were detected in the stool samples; the prevalence of any parasite was in 27.1% (71/262). Read More

J Food Prot 2017 10;80(10):1666-1669

2 Niagara Region Public Health, 1815 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Thorold, Ontario, Canada L2V 4T7.

An outbreak of cyclosporiasis in Ontario, Canada, was investigated in the fall of 2015. Thirty-five confirmed and 10 probable cases were linked to the investigation. Epidemiological and food safety evidence implicated fresh sugar snap peas imported from Guatemala as the source of the outbreak. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2017 Sep 11;41(3):621-626. Epub 2017 Mar 11.

King's College London, St Thomas Street, London, SE1 9RT UK.

In both developed and developing countries, parasitic infections continue to be a frequent cause of mortality and morbidity. Due to the globalization of the world, doctors must be fully prepared to deal with a plethora of parasitic infections. More commonly the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is infected and in developed countries protozoans are more likely to be the cause of infection compared to helminths. Read More

Euro Surveill 2017 08;22(32)

Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom.

During the summers of 2015 and 2016, the United Kingdom experienced large outbreaks of cyclosporiasis in travellers returning from Mexico. As the source of the outbreaks was not identified, there is the potential for a similar outbreak to occur in 2017; indeed 78 cases had already been reported as at 27 July 2017. Early communication and international collaboration is essential to provide a better understanding of the source and extent of this recurring situation. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2017 Jul 18;10(1):340. Epub 2017 Jul 18.

Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK.

Background: Over 60 % of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, and there is growing evidence of the zooanthroponotic transmission of diseases from humans to livestock and wildlife species, with major implications for public health, economics, and conservation. Zooanthroponoses are of relevance to critically endangered species; amongst these is the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) of Uganda. Here, we assess the occurrence of Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Giardia, and Entamoeba infecting mountain gorillas in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), Uganda, using molecular methods. Read More

Am J Med 2017 Dec 14;130(12):e535-e536. Epub 2017 Jul 14.

Travel and Mountain Medicine Center, Nepal International Clinic, Kathmandu, Nepal; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit-Nepal, Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, UK.

Parasitology 2017 Dec 12;144(14):1890-1897. Epub 2017 Jul 12.

College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China.

To investigate the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in a longitudinal study and to conduct a population genetic analysis, fecal specimens from 6579 patients were collected during the cyclosporiasis - prevalent seasons in two urban areas of central China in 2011-2015. The overall incidence of C. cayetanensis infection was 1·2% (76/6579): 1·6% (50/3173) in Zhengzhou and 0·8% (26/3406) in Kaifeng (P 0·05). Read More

Acta Parasitol 2017 Sep;62(3):630-638

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Intestinal coccidian parasites are intracellular protozoa most frequently transmitted during food-borne and water-borne infections. This group of parasites is responsible for acute diarrhoeal illnesses especially among immunocompromised patients. However, they are more frequently detected in immunocompetent individuals including travellers, and they should also be considered as important etiologic factors of travellers' diarrhoea. Read More

Acta Parasitol 2017 Sep;62(3):557-564

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Opportunistic infections such as cryptosporidiosis and cyclosporiasis are commonly encountered in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We investigated the existence of opportunistic protozoans that significantly affect the quality of life in HIV-1 infected patients using conventional and molecular methods. The study group comprised 115 HIV-1 positive patients. Read More

Food Microbiol 2017 Oct 7;67:67-75. Epub 2017 Jun 7.

Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71121 Foggia, Italy. Electronic address:

To investigate the prevalence of protozoan contamination by Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Cyclospora cayetanensis, in 'ready to eat' (RTE) salads on sale in Italy, 648 packages were purchased from industrial and local brands. Nine individual packages from each brand were collected per month, pooled and subjected to microscopy and molecular analyses. Read More

J Food Prot 2017 07;80(7):1133-1144

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Food and Environmental Microbiology, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a protozoan parasite that causes human diarrheal disease associated with the consumption of fresh produce or water contaminated with C. cayetanensis oocysts. In the United States, foodborne outbreaks of cyclosporiasis have been linked to various types of imported fresh produce, including cilantro and raspberries. Read More

Korean J Parasitol 2017 Apr;55(2):137-142

Department of Environmental and Tropical Medicine & International Healthcare Research Institute, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea.

and are well-known coccidian protozoa that can cause waterborne and foodborne diarrheal illnesses. There have been a few reports regarding contamination in different vegetables with , but no data are available regarding the sources of infections in Korea. In the present study, we collected 6 kinds of vegetables (perilla leaves, winter-grown cabbages, chives, sprouts, blueberries, and cherry tomatoes) from July 2014 to June 2015, and investigated contamination by these 2 protozoa using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Read More

Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2017 Mar;41(1):19-21

Ordu Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ordu, Türkiye.

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of parasites in environmental waters in Samsun and its districts.

Methods: At the center of Samsun, 13 stations were determined. The research was performed between March 2012 and February 2013, and every month, water samples were collected on the dates stated. Read More

Trop Parasitol 2017 Jan-Jun;7(1):37-40

Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: Diarrhoea is an important cause of both morbidity and mortality among children in India. Coccidian parasitic infections are an important cause of diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, but their investigations are rarely sought by the treating physicians in seemingly immunocompetent children. This study was aimed to find the incidence rate of coccidian parasites in all children presented with diarrhoea, irrespective of their immune status. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2017 02;34(1):45-46

Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.