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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Objectives: To characterize the distribution of blood flow and oxygen transport in human fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) subtypes that present with neonatal cyanosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: Blood flow was measured in the major vessels of 152 late gestation human fetuses with CHD and 40 gestational age-matched normal fetuses using cine phase contrast MRI. Oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured in the major vessels of 57 fetuses with CHD and 40 controls. Read More

Int J Lab Hematol 2021 Jun 6. Epub 2021 Jun 6.

Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Introduction: Methemoglobin (MetHb) and sulfhemoglobin (SHb) measurements are useful in the evaluation of cyanosis. When one or both values are elevated, additional analysis is important to establish the etiology of the disorder. Methemoglobinemia occurs from acquired or hereditary causes with diverse treatment considerations, while true sulfhemoglobinemia is only acquired and treatment is restricted to toxin removal. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

An azygos lobe is a rare anatomic variant of the lung which may be misdiagnosed as other pathological conditions. There is a dearth of information on the clinical characteristics of children with azygos lobe. This study aims to summarize the clinical features of children with azygos lobe, which may be helpful to improve recognition and clinical care of those patients. Read More

BMC Med 2021 Jun 4;19(1):122. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230 80108, Kilifi, Kenya.

Background: Diagnosing bacterial meningitis is essential to optimise the type and duration of antimicrobial therapy to limit mortality and sequelae. In sub-Saharan Africa, many public hospitals lack laboratory capacity, relying on clinical features to empirically treat or not treat meningitis. We investigated whether clinical features of bacterial meningitis identified prior to the introduction of conjugate vaccines still discriminate meningitis in children aged ≥60 days. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021 Jun 2. Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.

Case Rep Pediatr 2021 17;2021:5583840. Epub 2021 May 17.

Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Parel, Mumbai, India.

. Methemoglobinemia is a potentially life-threatening condition which presents with cyanosis and characteristic "chocolate-coloured blood." Although a co-oximetry would give a prompt diagnosis, there have been multiple reports of misdiagnosing this treatable condition-from being diagnosed as sepsis to asthma and even being operated for "ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 May 25;14(5). Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Cardiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

We report a case of a 16-year-old adolescent male born with univentricular congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) who was diagnosed with an incidental paraganglioma while awaiting a cardiac transplant. The coexistence of paraganglioma and univentricular CCHD is very rare, with no previous cases described in the literature of a patient concurrently requiring a cardiac transplant. The complex physiology associated with a common atrium, common ventricle, aortopulmonary lung perfusion and a hypoplastic left lung rendered our patient extremely vulnerable to catecholamine-mediated effects of preload, contractility and afterload. Read More

J Emerg Med 2021 May 22. Epub 2021 May 22.

Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Background: Sulfhemoglobinemia is a rare dyshemoglobinemia that presents similarly to methemoglobinemia.

Case Report: An 83-year-old woman with stage IV ovarian cancer presented to the Emergency Department after a near syncopal spell and was found to be cyanotic with a pulse oximetry reading of 71%. Pulse oximetry improved to only the mid-80s range with administration of high-flow oxygen. Read More

Clin Neuropathol 2021 May 25. Epub 2021 May 25.

Menkes disease is a neurodegenerative metabolic disorder. It is an X-lined recessive disorder of copper metabolism. It is characterized by seizures, developmental delay with loss of achieved milestones, along with skin and hair changes. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2021 May;30(5):576-581

Department of Paediatrics, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, Pakistan.

Objective: To study the clinical and laboratory profile in infants and children presented in the tertiary care hospital with poppy intake and to compare the profile between those who survived with those who died.

Study Design:   Observational study. Study Place and Duration: Department Of Paediatrics, Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan from January 2019 to January 2020. Read More

Cardiol Young 2021 May 21:1-3. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Most cases of severe or critical pulmonary stenosis are detected early and interventional management is routine within the first days of life. We present a case of a thirteen-year-old boy diagnosed with pulmonary stenosis and atrial septal defect with low ventricle ejection fraction. The patient underwent staged pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty and interventional atrial septal defect closure with good results. Read More

Shock 2021 May 19. Epub 2021 May 19.

Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Background: Pediatric shock has a high mortality rate because many of the early clinical signs are subtle and have poor sensitivity and specificity. Pediatric shock was categorized either: compensated with normal blood pressure, poor skin perfusion (CRT >2 s, mottled, cool peripheries, peripheral cyanosis), weak peripheral pulse, age specific tachycardia, tachypnoea, and oliguria or decompensated with hypotension (SBP < 70 + (2× age in years) mm Hg and decreased mental status. The perfusion index is a non-invasive method for assessing peripheral perfusion and may be a useful marker for identifying shock early in pediatric patients. Read More

Asian J Endosc Surg 2021 May 18. Epub 2021 May 18.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Introduction: Late-onset congenital diaphragmatic hernia constitutes 10%-36% of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. They qualify for endoscopic treatment including both thoracoscopic and laparoscopic approaches because this type of patient is in relatively stable condition compared with neonatal cases. However, single incision laparoscopic approach has not been reported. Read More

Comput Math Methods Med 2021 24;2021:6675613. Epub 2021 Apr 24.

Department of Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

A central shunt (CS) was an important surgery of systemic-to-pulmonary shunt (SPS) for the treatment of complex congenital heart diseases with decreased pulmonary blood flow (CCHDs-DPBF). There was no clear conclusion on how to deal with unclosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) during CS surgery. This study expanded the knowledge base on PDA by exploring the influence of the closing process of the PDA on the hemodynamic parameters for the CS model. Read More

Microvasc Res 2021 May 10;137:104177. Epub 2021 May 10.

Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, TR-55000 İlkadim, Samsun, Turkey.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) have frequent association with comorbidities and this makes it an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Not only endothelial dysfunction, but also arterial stiffening, increased inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress after hypoxemia that develops due to OSAS, cause vascular pathologies in all diameters of vessels. Nail bed capillaroscopy is a simple, noninvasive, useful method to examine microcirculation and evaluate nail bed capillary abnormalities in diseases that cause vascular damage. Read More

Autops Case Rep 2021 Apr 15;11:e2021265. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Departments of Histopathology, Chandigarh, India.

Aortopulmonary window (APW) is a rare congenital heart defect with abnormal communication between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk with two separate semilunar valves. We present an autopsy case report wherein a young primigravida woman presented with progressive breathlessness and central cyanosis at 21 weeks of gestation. Echocardiography performed in the emergency room revealed elevated right-sided cardiac pressures suggestive of severe pulmonary hypertension; however, no structural cardiac defect was discernible. Read More

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021 Apr;11(2):631-636

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Cyanosis persisting after surgical repair of complex congenital heart disease (CHD) may be related to the underlying disease. However, extracardiac causes should be also considered. We report on a patient with heterotaxy syndrome and double outlet right ventricle, in whom postoperative cyanosis was associated with an Abernethy malformation type II causing a hepatopulmonary syndrome. Read More

Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2021 Apr;11(2):447-456

Department of NICU, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital defect in human beings. The purpose of this article is to investigate impact of an integrated management mode of 'prenatal diagnosis-postnatal treatment' on birth, surgery, prognosis and complications associated with critical CHD (CCHD) in newborns.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of newborns diagnosed with CCHD were divided into two groups: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal diagnosis. Read More

World J Cardiol 2021 Apr;13(4):111-116

Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Pin-751019, Odisha, India.

Background: Pulmonary artery-to-left atrial fistula is a variant of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula and is a developmental anomaly. Delayed presentation, cyanosis and effort intolerance are some of the important features. The diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography or pulmonary artery angiography. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 May 29;82:105930. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Adult Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hanoi Heart Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.

Introduction And Importance: Aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation are common features in adults with both repaired and unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) is an effective repair for aortic regurgitation due to progressive aortic root dilatation with TOF after repair. However, the effectiveness of this technique for unrepaired patients has rarely been reported. Read More

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2021 May 6:21501351211000367. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani International Centre for Child Heart Care and Research, Palwal, Haryana, India.

Truncus arteriosus, also referred to as common arterial trunk (CAT), is generally classified as a cyanotic congenital heart disease characterized by a single arterial trunk arising from the heart and supplying both pulmonary and systemic circulations. Cyanosis exists by virtue of it being an admixture lesion. We report a 13-year-old boy diagnosed to have type 1 CAT who was acyanotic at presentation and had all features of an operable lesion even at this age. Read More

Cardiol Young 2021 May 4:1-2. Epub 2021 May 4.

Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

A 6-year-old male with heterotaxia, abnormal systemic and pulmonary venous drainage, and a history of Fontan completion presented with desaturations and was found by cardiac catheterisation to have a hepatic vein to coronary sinus connection. This was successfully occluded using an Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder. Read More

Egypt Heart J 2021 May 3;73(1):43. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Cardiology, Advanced Cardiac Centre, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.

Background: Pulmonary artery thrombosis is rare in neonates and mimics as persistent pulmonary hypertension or congenital heart disease. Risk factors include septicemia, dehydration, polycythemia, maternal diabetes, asphyxia, and inherited thrombophilias. They present with cyanosis and respiratory distress. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 04;25(8):3350-3364

Cardiovascular Division, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to review our clinical experience with COVID-19 patients observed in the Cardiovascular Division of Pompidou Hospital (University of Paris, France) and the Department of Neurology of the Eastern Piedmont University (Novara, Italy), related to the impact on the cardiovascular, hematological, and neurologic systems and sense organs.

Patients And Methods: We sought to characterize cardiovascular, hematological, and neurosensory manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and variants. Special attention was given to initial signs and symptoms to facilitate early diagnosis and therapy. Read More

J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 Apr;47(2):82-90

Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College & Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Objectives: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital deformities with worldwide prevalence. It causes a range of issues for infants that mainly involve difficulty in feeding due to abnormal oronasal communication. For this purpose, feeding plates are provided to infants to act as an artificial palate to aid in feeding. Read More

Medicina (B Aires) 2021 ;81(2):282-285

Sección de Cardiología Intervencionista, Sanatorio Francés, Córdoba, Argentina.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is a rare and diverse anomaly, accounting for 1% to 3% of patients with congenital heart disease. Newborns with diagnosis of an obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous dainage are extremely ill soon after birth and often present with severe cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension and low cardiac output requiring urgent surgical intervention. Transcatheter palliative stenting of the obstructive vertical vein can be an acceptable alternative as a bailout intervention before complete surgical correction is undertaken. Read More

Heart Surg Forum 2021 Apr 7;24(2):E359-E362. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.

Background: Lutembacher's syndrome (LS) is a rare cardiovascular anomaly that is defined as any combination of congenital or iatrogenic atrial septal defect (ASD) with congenital or acquired mitral stenosis (MS). The clinical features and hemodynamic effects of LS depend on the balance between ASD and MS.

Case Report: In this case report, we describe a rare case of LS with a huge right atrium in a 39-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with worsening fatigue and breathlessness on exertion. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 24;13(3):e14079. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU.

Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder in which there is an elevated level of methemoglobin. In contrast to normal hemoglobin, methemoglobin does not bind to oxygen, which leads to functional anemia. The signs of methemoglobinemia often overlap with other cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, with cyanosis being the key sign of methemoglobinemia. Read More

Ital J Pediatr 2021 Apr 23;47(1):100. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.

Background: Risk factors that predispose the development of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among pediatric CAP patients of different age ranges are yet to be identified.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed pediatric in-patients (< 6 years old) diagnosed with CAP in our hospital. We subdivided patients into four age groups (< 6 months, 6 months-1 year, 1-2 years, and 2-6 years). Read More

Cutis 2021 Feb;107(2):90-94

Ms. Schwartzberg is from the New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury. Dr. Lin is from the Department of Dermatology, St. John's Episcopal Hospital, Far Rockaway, New York. Dr. Jorizzo is from the Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Weill Cornell Medicine Dermatology, New York, New York.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with multisystem signs and symptoms, including dermatologic manifestations. The recent literature has revealed that dermatologic manifestations of COVID-19 often are early onset and provide helpful cues to a timely diagnosis. We compiled the relevant emerging literature regarding the dermatologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) so that physicians can be aware of the various clinical cutaneous presentations in this time of high incidence of COVID-19. Read More