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J Infect Dev Ctries 2020 Jun 29;14(6.1):16S-21S. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.

Introduction: The majority of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have established primary skin manifestations or associated clinical feature. Skin NTDs often result in physical impairment and disfigurement, which can lead to disability. Skin diseases have been proposed as an entry point for integrated NTDs control. Read More

Indian J Dermatol 2020 May-Jun;65(3):217-221

Novosibirsk Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a malignancy with high frequency of skin involvement. A 39-year-old Caucasian female was suffering from weakness, myalgia, and skin eruption, which appeared during treatment of chlamydiosis with antibiotics in July 2016. Based on clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, and histological examination of skin and bone marrow biopsy, a diagnosis of BPDCN with the involvement of skin, bone marrow, and central nervous system was made. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1379-1387

Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis has a subacute-to-chronic course and is almost invariably fatal owing to delayed diagnosis and a lack of effective therapy. Here, we report a 13-year-old girl with cutaneous lesions and multifocal granulomatous encephalitis. The patient underwent a series of tests and was suspected as having tuberculosis. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2020 Jun 4;151:105411. Epub 2020 Jun 4.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.

This study investigated enhanced bioavailability and sustained delivery of transdermally delivered rifampicin (RIF) in elastic liposomes (ELs). F3, F5, and F7 were optimized formulations comprising of 200, 140 and 80 mg of tween 80, respectively, and Phospholipon 90 G (300 mg). They were optimized based on in vitro and ex vivo parameters. Read More

Travel Med Infect Dis 2020 Jun 3:101768. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. Electronic address:

Background: No research was conducted on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Infectious Disease Units (IDU) managed homeless patients (HP).

Methods: We conducted retrospectively a survey among 98 HP and 98 non-HP admitted between 2017 and 2018 in several IDUs in Marseille, France.

Results: HP were more likely to be migrant, to report frequent alcohol consumption or illicit drug use, and to present with respiratory symptoms at admission compared to controls. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2020 May 12;7(5):ofaa155. Epub 2020 May 12.

Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

Background: Endemic regions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and intestinal helminthiasis overlap. CL treatment with systemic pentavalent antimonial drugs (Sb) fails in 10%-30% of patients. The study objective was to assess the etiological role of intestinal helminthiasis in CL treatment failure. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2020 Mar-Apr;11(2):177-181. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and leading cause of death. Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) can lead to various adverse effects including cutaneous reactions. Re-challenge remains the only option to restart the safe therapy with limited number of most efficient primary ATT drugs. Read More

Int J Mycobacteriol 2020 Apr-Jun;9(2):220-222

Department of Pathology, Venereology and Leprosy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttrakhand, India.

Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TBVC) is a common paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis caused by exogenous reinfection in previously sensitized individuals. The typical morphology is usually observed as a single verrucous plaque with inflammatory borders mostly on the hands, knees, ankle, and buttocks; however, several atypical morphologies of the lesions have also been described. TBVC occurring in sporotrichoid pattern is relatively rare. Read More

IDCases 2020 7;20:e00788. Epub 2020 May 7.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, EsSalud. Lima - Peru.

In all health care settings, particularly those in developing countries, healthcare workers have a high risk for exposure to tuberculosis. Tuberculosis can involve any organ, including the skin. Cutaneous tuberculosis is uncommon and may be secondary to an exogenous inoculation. Read More

Tunis Med 2020 Mar;98(3):232-240

Background: Worldwide, many more males than females were diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) and died from it globally. In light of this, examining the gender differences among patients with TB is crucial to institute effective prevention, coverage and treatment.

Aim: To analyze gender differences in the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary specificities of TB in Southern Tunisia. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020 May 5. Epub 2020 May 5.

Clinique dermatologique, université de Strasbourg et hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France. Electronic address:

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infection caused by Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. It is rare in France. Read More

J Infect Public Health 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK.

Buruli ulcer and cutaneous leishmaniasis both have the similar cutaneous clinical presentation. Therefore, relying on clinical diagnosis can be challenging. We present a case of 45 years old woman diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis, confirmed by skin biopsy. Read More

Hautarzt 2020 Jun;71(6):443-446

Abteilung Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Fachbereich Tropenmedizin am Bernhard-Nocht-Institut, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamburg, Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Deutschland.

Chronic skin lesions that occur in patients who have previously stayed in tropical countries pose a diagnostic challenge for physicians. In particular, if there is a granulomatous inflammatory reaction histologically, infectious diseases should also be included in the differential diagnosis. Particularly in persons returning from high-risk regions such as Vietnam, this includes cutaneous tuberculosis, which entails a thorough examination of the patient and comprehensive therapy. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Apr 30. Epub 2020 Apr 30.

Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

Lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis (LGD) is a histopathologic pattern with a band-like lymphocytic infiltrate, typical of lichenoid dermatitis, combined with dermal histiocytes and granulomatous inflammation. Prior reports have described cases of LGD caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria, with evidence of intralesional acid-fast bacilli or mycobacterial DNA. Herein, we report a patient with pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection who developed LGD. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 04 23;14(4):e0008246. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

DetectoGen Inc., Grafton, Massachusetts, United States of America.

The development of an accurate protein-based antigen detection assay for diagnosis of active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) would represent a major clinical advance. VL is a serious and fatal disease caused by the parasites Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani. The gold standard confirmatory diagnostic test for VL is the demonstration of parasites or their DNA from aspirates from spleen, lymph node, and bone marrow or from blood buffy coats. Read More

JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2019 Jul-Aug;57(218):275-277

Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Lupus vulgaris is the commonest form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is a chronic and slowly progressive disease. It can be transmitted either through hematogenous or lymphatic spread but most commonly through contiguous extension. Read More

Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2020 Apr;78(2):177-180

Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre hospitalier national universitaire de Fann, Dakar, Sénégal.

The breast tuberculosis accounts for 0.06 to 0.1% of extra-pulmonary localizations. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 Apr 21;20(1):295. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Departamento Laboratorio de Tuberculosis. Instituto de Biomedicina "Dr. Jacinto Convit", Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.

Background: Soft tissue or skin infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported frequently and are mostly associated with trauma or cosmetic interventions like plastic surgery. However, infection with NTM as a result of a dental procedure have rarely been described and the lack of clinical suspicion and a clear clinical manifestation makes diagnosis challenging.

Case Presentation: We report on three patients with a facial cutaneous sinus tract of dental origin, due to an infection with respectively Mycobacterium fortuitum, M. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2020 May - Jun;95(3):343-346. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis which, like disseminated tuberculosis, commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Poncet reactive arthritis is a seronegative arthritis affecting patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which is uncommon even in endemic countries. We report a previously healthy 23-year-old male patient with watery diarrhea associated with erythematous ulcers on the lower limbs and oligoarthritis of the hands. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2020 Apr 3;96:139-140. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Dermatology Department, Hospital de Egas Moniz - Centro de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019 Lisbon, Portugal.

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020 Jun - Jul;147(6-7):456-460. Epub 2020 Mar 27.

Service de dermatologie, CHU Hassan II, 30060 Fès, Maroc.

Introduction: Lichenoid cutaneous reactions to antituberculosis drugs are rare. Herein we report a new case.

Patients And Methods: A 41-year-old patient was seen for a profuse and pruriginous rash occurring 2 weeks after administration of rifampicin and isoniazid for pulmonary tuberculosis. Read More

Lancet 2020 04 12;395(10232):1259-1267. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Medicine/Infectious Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. Electronic address:

Background: Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection that damages the skin and subcutis. It is most prevalent in western and central Africa and Australia. Standard antimicrobial treatment with oral rifampicin 10 mg/kg plus intramuscular streptomycin 15 mg/kg once daily for 8 weeks (RS8) is highly effective, but streptomycin injections are painful and potentially harmful. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Mar 5. Epub 2020 Mar 5.

Department of Dermatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is an uncommon entity with several clinical forms recognized. Histopathologically, most cases are characterized by granulomatous inflammation and caseating necrosis, although less common findings, including vasculitis, have also been described. We report a 55-year-old male with a history of recently diagnosed dermatomyositis receiving immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone, who developed multifocal soft tissue abscesses and an indurated erythematous plaque on the back. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2020 16;7(2):001354. Epub 2020 Jan 16.

Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal.

Behçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent orogenital ulceration and several systemic manifestations (such as gastrointestinal involvement, vascular disease or arthritis). The pathogenesis is still unknown but the trigger role of certain pathogens such as is well documented. Furthermore, patients with BD are more susceptible to tuberculosis due to immunity defects. Read More

ANZ J Surg 2020 Feb 27. Epub 2020 Feb 27.

Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Int J Nanomedicine 2020 14;15:1073-1094. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Purpose: This study demonstrated improved transdermal delivery of rifampicin-loaded cationic nanoemulsion gel to treat systemic and cutaneous tuberculosis using capmul, labrasol, and acconon, which exert anti- activities. This approach enhanced drug permeation across the skin, increased therapeutic efficacy, and reduced dose-related side effects.

Methods: Design Expert was used to optimize formulations (S ratio and capmul as independent factors), which were prepared using a slow spontaneous titration method. Read More

Case Rep Surg 2020 10;2020:7840963. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Brazzaville Teaching University Hospital, Brazzaville, Congo.

Tuberculosis is an endemic emergency that is prevalent in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Black Africa, including Congo-Brazzaville. In addition to the pulmonary, ganglionic, and bone forms, there are other poorly documented locations. In the Congo, among these is cutaneous tuberculosis which is exceptional. Read More

Transl Clin Pharmacol 2019 Jun 28;27(2):64-68. Epub 2019 Jun 28.

Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea.

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can induce severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. We performed HLA genotyping and lymphocyte activation tests (LATs) for five AED-induced SCAR patients (three males and two females; aged 40-66 years old). Three patients were treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) for pain control, one was treated with phenytoin (PHT) for seizure prevention, and one was treated with valproic acid (VPA) for seizure prevention. Read More

Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020 10;44:e10. Epub 2020 Feb 10.

Ministério da Saúde Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis Brasília (DF) Brasil Ministério da Saúde, Departamento de Imunização e Doenças Transmissíveis, Brasília (DF), Brasil.

Objective: To present a method to identify critical areas for selected infectious and parasitic diseases for the purpose of health surveillance and to analyze the association between these critical areas and poverty indicators in Brazil.

Method: The following incidence rates were mapped: dengue, acute Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, Hansen's disease, hepatitis A, cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis, malaria, and tuberculosis. The analyses were performed for the period from 2010 to 2017 based on a synthetic indicator calculated as the mean of mean incidence coefficients for each disorder, normalized by the mean and standard deviation during the period of analysis. Read More

Med Sante Trop 2020 Feb 7. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.

Tuberculosis is an endemic disease in Senegal. Cutaneous forms are rare and are characterized by their clinical polymorphism. They account for 2% of the extrapulmonary locations of tuberculosis [1, 2]. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 Feb 3. Epub 2020 Feb 3.

Dermatology Research and Education Foundation, Irvine, CA, USA.

Immunosuppressive therapies, effective in treating inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis, increase the risk of serious infections, such as tuberculosis (TB). For example, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitors significantly increase the risk of TB reactivation in patients with latent TB infection (LTBI), which has led clinicians to routinely test for TB prior to initiation of these medications. This protocol has since extended to other, newer immunomodulatory therapies for psoriasis, such as interleukin (IL)-17 inhibitors, including secukinumab, ixekizumab and brodalumab. Read More

Adv Emerg Nurs J 2020 Jan/Mar;42(1):37-47

School of Nursing and Health Science, University of San Diego, San Diego, California and Scripps Memorial Hospital La Jolla, San Diego, California.

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased in the 21st century due to a high prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary TB. HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, and other immune deficiencies decrease cure rates, increase mortality, and increase the incidence of MDR pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis is the most virulent opportunistic pathogen worldwide for patients living with HIV. Read More

Wien Med Wochenschr 2020 May 28;170(7-8):196-198. Epub 2020 Jan 28.

Onkoderma - Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatologic Surgery, General Skobelev 26, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria.

T‑cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) represents approximately 10% to 15% of all lymphomas in Western countries. We present the case of a 16-year-old girl with nodular erosive tumor formation on the forehead within the previous 3-4 months and clinical evidence of cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy in parallel. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, lupus vulgaris, cutaneous leishmaniasis, pyoderma faciale, sporotrichosis, infected insect bite, B‑cell lymphoma, and atypical acneiform eruption were considered in the differential diagnosis. Read More

Parasitol Res 2020 Feb 2;119(2):649-657. Epub 2020 Jan 2.

Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas, Venezuela.

Leishmania donovani is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Annually, 500 million new cases of infection are reported mainly in poor communities, decreasing the interest of the pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the repositioning of new drugs is an ideal strategy to fight against these parasites. Read More

Adv Biomed Res 2019 27;8:70. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Psoriasis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Uveitis and erythema induratum are two uncommon extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis (TB). In most circumstances, we cannot isolate mycobacterium from those sites, so diagnosis is difficult. In the presented case, panuveitis, erythema induratum, and persistent anogenital warts were found concurrently in a 19-year-old girl who had a history of pulmonary TB 10 years ago. Read More

Clin Dermatol 2019 Sep - Oct;37(5):520-527. Epub 2019 Jul 18.

Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Electronic address:

Cutaneous disease can present with lesions of all colors of the visible spectrum. Lesions of the skin, nail, and mucous membranes with an orange color can be due to a variety of etiologies. The conditions may appear as purely orange, yellow-orange, red-orange, tan, or brown with an orange hue. Read More

Cutis 2019 Nov;104(5):E11-E13

Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

IDCases 2019 15;18:e00501. Epub 2019 May 15.

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Saint-Jean, Perpignan, France.

Australas J Dermatol 2020 May 15;61(2):e231-e233. Epub 2019 Dec 15.

Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.

Rifampicin is an essential first line anti-tuberculosis drug. However, several cases of adverse reactions associated with this drug have been reported, the most common of which are cutaneous drug reactions. We report a case of mixed lichenoid and psoriasiform drug eruption induced by rifampicin. Read More

Molecules 2019 Dec 10;24(24). Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotics, Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.

is a rapid-growing, multidrug-resistant, non-tuberculous mycobacterial species responsible for a variety of human infections, such as cutaneous and pulmonary infections. infections are very difficult to eradicate due to the natural and acquired multidrug resistance profiles of . Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of effective drugs or regimens against infections. Read More

Indian J Tuberc 2019 Oct;66(4):520-532

Department of General Medicine, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226010, India.

Background: Treatment of drug susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) requires regimens containing first line drugs (FLDs') whereas drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) are treated with regimens comprising combination of both second line drugs (SLDs') and few FLDs'. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs') to these anti-tubercular drugs are quite common as they are being used for longer duration. ADRs' may cause associated morbidity and even mortality if not recognized early. Read More

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2019 Jul-Sep;36(3):525-529. Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. Lima, Perú.

Cutaneous metastases are very rare events and are related to a distant tumor invasion. Prostate metastases have a 1% appearance rate; the most common locations include the genital or suprapubic region and are very rarely located at a distance. We report the case of a male patient with cutaneous metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma located in the cervical and upper thoracic area. Read More

Skin Appendage Disord 2019 Nov 4;5(6):386-389. Epub 2019 Sep 4.

Dermatology Department, Centro Hospitalar Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are rare, particularly from an exogenous source. Involvement of the nail apparatus is extremely rare and has only previously been reported as a secondary involvement. We report the case of a 76-year-old female patient referred to our department with onychodystrophy with purulent drainage of the first left finger, which had developed during the preceding year. Read More

Cutis 2019 Oct;104(4):E4-E5

Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar São João, EPE Porto, Portugal.

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Nov 3;71(Suppl 3):2047-2049. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Department of Surgery/ENT, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.

Although cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extra-pulmonary TB, lupus vulgaris is the commonest variant of cutaneous TB. We present a 14 year female with non-healing ulcer over the upper lip extending and destroying the collumela and part of anterior nasal septum. Histopathological examination revealed TB as a possible cause of the lesion. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 01 10;33(1):e13169. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Department of Pathology, PGIMER Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

First-line anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) is very effective in management of tuberculosis and is usually well tolerated. Varied spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions is associated with ATT, of which lichenoid drug eruption (LDR) constitutes approximately 10% of the cases. However, LDR presenting as erythroderma is very rare. Read More

Tunis Med 2019 Mar;97(3):484-490

Background: Allergy to antitubercular drugs is a real hindrance to the management of TB.

Aim: To access the contribution of the reintroduction drug test in the exploration of allergy to anti-tuberculosis treatments.

Methods: Retrospective study of 34 patients treated for tuberculosis who presented a hypersensitivity reaction during a period from January 2011 to December 2017. Read More

Ann Pharmacother 2020 May 15;54(5):457-463. Epub 2019 Nov 15.

Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends 3 months of once-weekly rifapentine/isoniazid (3HP) for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment given by directly observed therapy (DOT) or self-administered therapy (SAT) in patients ≥2 years old. 3HP has been associated with increased incidence of hepatic, gastrointestinal, flu-like, and cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) compared with isoniazid monotherapy. This study evaluated 3HP completion rates and tolerability for LTBI treatment in a real-world setting. Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2019 Oct;53(4):408-418

Trakya University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Edirne, Turkey.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. In the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), in the smear samples, the demonstration of the parasite by microscope remains a gold standard method. However, it becomes difficult to diagnose the parasite since the number of amastigotes in chronic cases with a lesion of one year or longer is very low. Read More

J Mycol Med 2020 Apr 16;30(1):100904. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Infectious Diseases Department of Hospital do Mal de Hansen, Cumura, Guine Bissau.

African histoplasmosis is the relatively unknown infection by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii. It is endemic to Central and West Africa, generally involving the skin with potential for systemic dissemination, and has been described mainly in immunocompetent hosts. Read More