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J Infect Chemother 2019 May 21;25(5):379-384. Epub 2019 Feb 21.

Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address:

A 76-year-old Japanese woman was admitted due to uncontrolled cellulitis of the right lower leg. She had deep vein thrombosis on the right limb. Moreover, she had a long history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with corticosteroids. Read More

Pediatr Int 2019 Feb 11;61(2):198-199. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, St Joseph's Children's Hospital, Paterson, New Jersey, USA.

Mycopathologia 2019 Apr 1;184(2):341-343. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.

An 82-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a deep skin ulcer in her right lower limb. Although the skin biopsy showed necrosis and neutrophil infiltration, we could not initially detect any pathogen. Chest radiography showed multiple nodules despite the lack of respiratory symptoms or fever, and the serum latex agglutination test for cryptococcus showed an elevated titer (1:512). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Dec 3;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 3.

Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Bracknell, UK.

is an encapsulated yeast which causes opportunistic infection in the context of immunosuppression, including advanced HIV infection. Cryptococcal infection is systemic and can result in a fatal meningoencephalitis. Cutaneous lesions occur in 15% of those with systemic cryptococcosis and may be the first indicator of infection. Read More

Cutis 2018 Nov;102(5):E30-E31

Department of Dermatology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.

J Cutan Pathol 2019 Feb 27;46(2):143-147. Epub 2018 Nov 27.

Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York.

Cutaneous vasculitis has many underlying causes, and the clinical and histological findings often overlap. Inflammatory vasculitis can mimic infection; however, distinction is critical for the timely institution of appropriate therapy. We present two patients who had generalized polymorphous eruptions whose cutaneous pathology showed vasculitis with unusual haloed yeast-like cells within the inflammatory infiltrate, mimicking Cryptococcus. Read More

Exp Clin Transplant 2018 Jun 28. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota 55905, USA.

Cryptococcal infection has been documented in 2.8% of solid-organ transplant recipients, with the median time to disease onset being 21 months. Renal transplant recipients account for the majority of cases. Read More

IDCases 2018 21;12:142-148. Epub 2018 May 21.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Sanz Medical Center, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel.

We present a case of a 74 years old male with cutaneous cryptococcosis of the right forearm. var was cultivated from the skin and from the bloodstream. He was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome (focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) 21 months prior to admission, which was steroid-dependent. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2018 Feb 15;24(2). Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Department of Medicine, Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, California.

Cutaneous cryptococcosis is usually secondary to the hematogenous dissemination of pulmonary or meningeal Cryptococcus neoformans. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) is a rare form of the infection, typically caused by direct inoculation from trauma to the skin [1]. Most cases of PCC present as a localized cellulitis, abscess, nodule, or ulceration. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 7;9:170. Epub 2018 Feb 7.

Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States.

Fungal bioaerosols are ubiquitous in the environment and human exposure can result in a variety of health effects ranging from systemic, subcutaneous, and cutaneous infections to respiratory morbidity including allergy, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Recent research has focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) following fungal exposure and is overlooked, yet important, group of regulators capable of influencing fungal immune responses through a variety of cellular mechanisms. These small non-coding ribose nucleic acids function to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and have been shown to participate in multiple disease pathways including cancer, heart disease, apoptosis, as well as immune responses to microbial hazards and occupational allergens. Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2018 1;13:695-703. Epub 2018 Feb 1.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged.

Background: Epidemiologic observations indicate that the number of systemic fungal infections has increased significantly during the past decades, however in human mycosis, mainly cutaneous infections predominate, generating major public health concerns and providing much of the impetus for current attempts to develop novel and efficient agents against cutaneous mycosis causing species. Innovative, environmentally benign and economic nanotechnology-based approaches have recently emerged utilizing principally biological sources to produce nano-sized structures with unique antimicrobial properties. In line with this, our aim was to generate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by biological synthesis and to study the effect of the obtained nanoparticles on cutaneous mycosis causing fungi and on human keratinocytes. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2018 01 27;19(1):18. Epub 2018 Jan 27.

Department of Medicine, Mackay Base Hospital, Bridge Road, Mackay, Australia.

Background: Cellulitis is an unusual presentation of disseminated cryptococcosis, a serious infection seen predominantly in immunocompromised hosts. Disseminated cryptococcosis carries significant morbidity for transplant recipients, especially of the pulmonary and central nervous systems, and carries a high mortality risk.

Case Presentation: We report a 59-year-old renal transplant recipient who presented with bilateral lower leg cellulitis without other symptoms or signs. Read More

Curr Med Mycol 2017 Jun;3(2):33-37

Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Purpose: (formerly ) is a non-neoformans cryptococcal species rarely isolated as a human pathogen.

Case Report: Herein, we present the case of a 26-year-old Iranian man with a superficial cutaneous lesion in the axilla. The initial treatment for pityriasis versicolor by clotrimazole was unsuccessful. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018 Jan;98(1):3-4

Dermatologist, Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN/SES), Brasília, Brazil.

Front Microbiol 2017 7;8:2419. Epub 2017 Dec 7.

Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil.

Eugenol is a phenolic compound and the main constituent of the essential oil of clove India. Although there are reports of some pharmacological effects of eugenol, this study is the first that proposes to evaluate the antifungal effects of this phenol against both and cells. The effect of eugenol against yeast cells was analyzed for drug susceptibility, alterations in cell diameter, capsule properties, amounts of ergosterol, oxidative burst, and thermodynamics data. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2017 ;92(5 Suppl 1):69-72

Department of Pathology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Cryptococcosis is a common fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, caused by genus Cryptococcus, presenting with meningitis, pneumonia, and skin lesions. Cutaneous presentation can be varied, but specifically in solid organ transplant recipients (iatrogenically immunocompromised), cryptococcosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis-like lesions, since the delay in diagnosis leads to worse prognosis and fatal outcome. We report four cases of cryptococcosis with cutaneous manifestation not only for its rarity, but also to emphasize the important role of the dermatologist in the diagnosis of this disease. Read More

Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018 Feb;54(1):185-212

Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are a population at high risk for cutaneous adverse events. Their early recognition and appropriate treatment is an important component of the clinical management of OTRs and should be optimally dealt with by dermatologists working in the context of a transplant dermatology clinic. Skin examination should be a standard procedure before performing organ transplantation to assess conditions which may be difficult to manage after the transplant procedure has been performed or which may represent a contraindication to transplantation, e. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2018 Jan 10;31(1). Epub 2017 Nov 10.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Am J Case Rep 2017 Oct 26;18:1140-1144. Epub 2017 Oct 26.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing You An Hospital, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) infection is one of the most common opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. C. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2018 Jan 20;45(1):90-93. Epub 2017 Nov 20.

Department of Dermatology, St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ypsilanti, Michigan.

Cutaneous Cryptococcus infection presents classically with granulomatous and gelatinous reactive patterns. Cases mimicking neutrophilic dermatoses have not been described. Conversely, neutrophilic dermatoses with degrading cells mimicking cryptococcal organisms have been reported. Read More

J Pediatr 2018 01 28;192:256-258. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.

We report a case of cutaneous cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus neoformans in a pediatric patient with hyper IgM syndrome with scalp lesions that resembled tinea capitis on gross examination and mimicked juvenile xanthogranuloma on histologic examination. This case highlights the importance of considering cutaneous cryptococcosis in patients with hyper IgM syndrome. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2017 Sep-Oct;27(5):392-394

Department of Internal Medical, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a significant cause of morbidity in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Common causes among them are , , and . Antifungal prophylaxis has led to decrease in overall incidence of IFI; however, there is very little decline in the incidence of Cryptococcal infections of SOT recipients because effective prophylaxis is not available against this infectious agent. Read More

J Mycol Med 2017 Sep 31;27(3):421-424. Epub 2017 May 31.

Lab. Micologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy. Electronic address:

Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease caused by the basidiomycetes yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii with high predilection to invade the central nervous system mainly in immunocompromised hosts. Skin can be secondarily involved in disseminated infection or be exceptionally involved as primary cutaneous infection by inoculation with contaminated materials. Read More

Open Forum Infect Dis 2017 19;4(1):ofw276. Epub 2017 Jan 19.

Dermatology Department, University Hospital Puerta del Mar, Andalusian Health Service, Cádiz, Spain.

Front Microbiol 2017 13;8:616. Epub 2017 Apr 13.

Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Investigação Molecular, Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte FluminenseCampos dos Goytacazes, Brazil.

Patients with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) exhibit variable vulnerability to infections by mycobacteria and other intramacrophagic bacteria (e.g., and ) and fungi (e. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2017 04 26;17(1):311. Epub 2017 Apr 26.

Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Background: Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the encapsulated yeast Cryptococcus neoformans and most remarkably manifests in HIV-infected individuals, especially in the settings of very low CD4 count. Development of cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected individuals is exceedingly rare and usually signifies a marked immunodeficiency. Cryptococcosis in association with myasthenia gravis or thymoma has been previously documented in only very few cases in the literature. Read More

Cutis 2017 03;99(3):E16-E18

Department of Dermatology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, New York, USA.

An Bras Dermatol 2016 Sep-Oct;91(5 suppl 1):29-31

Universidade do Oeste Paulista (Unoeste) - Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans that tends to affect immunocompromised individuals. The fungi are mostly acquired by inhalation, which leads to an initial pulmonary infection. Later, other organs - such as the central nervous system and the skin - can be affected by hematogenous spread. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2017 Jan 3;3(1):53-54. Epub 2017 Feb 3.

Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical School, Jackson, Mississippi.

Int J Dermatol 2017 Apr 15;56(4):452-454. Epub 2017 Feb 15.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.

Vet Dermatol 2017 Aug 29;28(4):405-e97. Epub 2017 Jan 29.

Dermatopathology Specialty Service, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.

Background: Cryptococcosis is an uncommon fungal infection in humans and mammals. Occasionally, cryptococcosis manifests as cutaneous lesions, either as an extension of nasal disease or as stand alone lesions unassociated with the nose. Histologically, these lesions are typically characterized by abundant organisms with mild granulomatous dermatitis. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol 2016 Sep-Dec;8(3):250-253. Epub 2016 Oct 4.

Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (HFSE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A 50-year-old male underwent liver transplantation due to cryptogenic cirrhosis and was admitted with severe pain in the left leg as well as phlogosis. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was prescribed, assuming bullous erysipelas. Among the tests performed, the latex agglutination test for the sp. Read More

Transpl Infect Dis 2017 Apr 6;19(2). Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Non-Candida opportunistic yeasts are emerging causes of bloodstream infection (BSI) in immunocompromised hosts. However, their clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients are not well described. We report the first case to our knowledge of Pseudozyma BSI in a SCT recipient. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2016 Nov-Dec;91(6):832-834

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) - Campo Grande (MS), Brasil.

Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection of opportunistic behavior that is unusual in immunocompetent patients. We report a rare case of disseminated cryptococcosis with cutaneous involvement in an immunocompetent individual. During hospitalization, Cryptococcus gattii was isolated from skin lesions, lung and spinal fluid. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2017 Mar 2;42(2):226-229. Epub 2017 Jan 2.

Department of Dermatology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK.

Mycopathologia 2017 Jun 17;182(5-6):597-602. Epub 2016 Dec 17.

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.

Cryptococcosis is a mycosis caused by yeasts of genus Cryptococcus, mainly the species C. neoformans and C. gattii that can affect humans and animals. Read More

JAAD Case Rep 2016 Nov 7;2(6):494-496. Epub 2016 Dec 7.

Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Oct 1;10(10):OC22-OC25. Epub 2016 Oct 1.

Professor & Head, Department of General Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences , Hyderabad, Telangana, India .

Introduction: Splenic abscess is a rare entity with potentially life threatening complications. Sparse recent published data are available documenting the aetiological profile and management of patients with splenic abscess from India.

Aim: To study the clinical profile of splenic abscess. Read More

Intern Med 2016;55(22):3383-3386. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

Department of General Internal Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Japan.

We herein report the case of a 63-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of a cutaneous nodular lesion of his jaw, low grade fever, lethargy and progressive cognitive impairment. He had a 30-year history of multiple sclerosis and had been treated with fingolimod for the previous 2 years. Laboratory data revealed CD4 lymphocytopenia and a tissue culture of the skin nodule was positive for Cryptococcus neoformans. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2016 Nov 16;2016. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and is known for causing meningitis and cutaneous infections in immunocompromised individuals. Disseminated cryptococcal infection is very rare and almost always found to occur in immunocompromised individuals especially in persons infected with HIV. This is particularly attributed to its capsulated spores. Read More

Transplant Proc 2016 Sep;48(7):2289-2293

Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.

Background: In solid organ transplant patients, 8% of invasive fungal infections are attributed to Cryptococcus. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome of kidney transplant recipients (TR) infected with Cryptococcus.

Case Series: Between 2007 and 2014, a total of 500 kidney transplantations were performed at São João Hospital, in Porto, Portugal. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2017 Mar 26;56(3):e56-e57. Epub 2016 Sep 26.

División de Dermatología, Section of Mycology, General Hospital Dr. Manuel Gea González, México City, Mexico.

Dermatol Ther 2017 Jan 16;30(1). Epub 2016 Sep 16.

Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Dermatol Online J 2016 Jun 15;22(6). Epub 2016 Jun 15.

Departments of Dermatology University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a common fungus found throughout the environment that causes opportunistic disease in immunocompromised individuals. Infection of humans with C neoformans usually manifests as lung disease through inhalation of spores or meningoencephalitis by involvement of the central nervous system. Rarely, dissemination in the form of cutaneous lesions can occur in individuals with long term immunosuppression. Read More

Med Mycol J 2016 ;57(3):E35-9

Noguchi Dermatology Clinic.

A 68-year-old male plasterer with no history of trauma presented to our clinic in March 2012 with a 16×14-mm ulcer that developed following a crushed small papule on the right anterior chest. In April 2012, the patient was referred to another hospital, where cutaneous cryptococcosis was diagnosed based on discharge culture results. The patient was treated with oral itraconazole at a dose of 150 mg/day for 10 weeks; however, the ulcer remained unchanged and he discontinued the treatment. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2016 Jun 31;43(6):546-8. Epub 2016 Mar 31.

Department of Cellular Pathology, Hospital El Bierzo, Ponferrada, Spain.

Fungal Genet Biol 2016 Feb 6;87:22-9. Epub 2016 Jan 6.

Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) represents about 30% of the clinical isolates in Europe and is present less frequently in the other continents. It is the prevalent etiological agent in primary cutaneous cryptococcosis as well as in cryptococcal skin lesions of disseminated cryptococcosis. Read More

JAMA Neurol 2016 Mar;73(3):355-6

Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

J Dermatol Case Rep 2015 Sep 30;9(3):76-80. Epub 2015 Sep 30.

Department of Pathology, SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, Rajasthan India.

Background: Cryptococcosis is a deep fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. The infection usually involves the lungs, the central nervous system as well as the skin, the bones and the urinary tract. Immunocompromised individuals, including solid organ transplant recipients, are at higher risk for cryptococcal infections. Read More