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PLoS One 2021 11;16(6):e0253186. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Microbial Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Sciences Stream Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Data on the distribution and genotype of Cryptosporidium species is limited in Ethiopia. This study examined the presence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium species circulating in Ethiopian human population. Stool samples collected from patients who visited rural (n = 94) and urban (n = 93) health centers in Wurgissa and Hawassa district, respectively, were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 25;11:689401. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.

is an apicomplexan parasite that infects the intestinal epithelium of humans and livestock animals worldwide. Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal-related deaths in young children and a major cause of economic loss in cattle operations. The disease is especially dangerous to infants and immunocompromised individuals, for which there is no effective treatment or vaccination. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2021 Jun 10;14(1):316. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis causes high morbidity and mortality in children under 2 years of age globally. The lack of an appropriate animal model that mimics the pathogenesis of disease in humans has hampered the development and testing of potential therapeutic options. This study aimed to develop and validate an infant baboon infection model of cryptosporidiosis. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Aug 16;784:147107. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Water Unit, Environmental Health Branch, NSW Health, St Leonards, Australia.

A Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) framework was applied to assess 312 drinking water supply systems across regional New South Wales (NSW). The framework was needed to support the implementation of a recommendation in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) for appropriate treatment barriers to be operating in systems 'at risk' for Cryptosporidium. The objective was to prioritise systems so that those with the highest risk could be identified and addressed first. Read More

Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2021 31;30(2):e027420. Epub 2021 May 31.

Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of endoparasites in fecal samples of capybaras from anthropized areas in seven cities in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, and natural areas in two locations in the Pantanal biome. For the parasitological evaluation of samples, feces were subjected to centrifugal sedimentation in water-ether and centrifugal flotation in sucrose solution. Out of the 113 samples examined, 97. Read More

Molecules 2021 May 31;26(11). Epub 2021 May 31.

The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China.

The unique electron deficiency and coordination property of boron led to a wide range of applications in chemistry, energy research, materials science and the life sciences. The use of boron-containing compounds as pharmaceutical agents has a long history, and recent developments have produced encouraging strides. Boron agents have been used for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Read More

Pathogens 2021 May 23;10(6). Epub 2021 May 23.

Department of Parasitology/Mycology, University Hospital of Rouen, 76000 Rouen, France.

Diagnostic approaches based on PCR methods are increasingly used in the field of parasitology, particularly to detect . Consequently, many different PCR methods are available, both "in-house" and commercial methods. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of eight PCR methods, four "in-house" and four commercial methods, to detect species. Read More

Cureus 2021 Apr 23;13(4):e14652. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Intensive Care Unit, St. Peter's Hospital, Ashford and St. Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, GBR.

A 25-year-old female presented on the acute medical take with rapidly evolving ascending weakness, sensory loss, and areflexia after a prodromal diarrhoeal illness, ultimately critical care admission, tracheostomy, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. The patient had been diagnosed with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) six years previously, treated with intravenous Immunoglobulin, and discharged after a five-day in-patient stay without mechanical ventilation. On this occasion, a diagnosis of recurrent GBS was made, supported by cytoalbuminological dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Read More

Eur J Protistol 2021 May 3;79:125799. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.

This study employed the post-real-time PCR application, high resolution melting (HRM) analysis, in order to differentiate between characterised clinical and reference Cryptosporidium parvum samples obtained from Cork University Hospital (Cork, Ireland) and the Cryptosporidium Reference Unit (Swansea, Wales). A sample set composed of 18 distinct C. parvum gp60-subtypes of the IIa gp60-subtype family (an allele family accounting for over 80% of all cryptosporidiosis cases in Ireland) was employed. Read More

Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2021 04 6;24:100567. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, IPVet - UEDD, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INTA-CONICET), Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad de Morón, Morón, Cabildo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Cryptosporidiosis of neonatal dairy calves causes diarrhea, resulting in important economic losses. In Argentina, prevalence values of Cryptosporidium spp. and other enteropathogens such as group A rotavirus (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC, endotoxin STa), have been independently studied in different regions. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021 May 21;70(20):733-738. Epub 2021 May 21.

Outbreaks associated with treated recreational water can be caused by pathogens or chemicals in aquatic venues such as pools, hot tubs, water playgrounds, or other artificially constructed structures that are intended for recreational or therapeutic purposes. For the pseriod 2015-2019, public health officials from 36 states and the District of Columbia (DC) voluntarily reported 208 outbreaks associated with treated recreational water. Almost all (199; 96%) of the outbreaks were associated with public (nonbackyard) pools, hot tubs, or water playgrounds. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2021 Jun 14;225:108113. Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown Campus, Cork, Ireland.

Cryptosporidiosis remains the leading protozoan induced cause of diarrhoea-associated mortality worldwide. Cryptosporidium hominis, the anthroponotically transmitted species within the Cryptosporidium genus, contributes significantly to the global burden of infection, accounting for the majority of clinical cases in many countries. This study applied high resolution melting analysis, a post-real-time PCR application, to the differentiation of six globally prevalent C. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2021 Aug 8;92:104895. Epub 2021 May 8.

Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden; European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden.

Most cases of cryptosporidiosis in humans are caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Cryptosporidium hominis. However, more uncommon species are increasingly being recognised to cause infection in humans. Here we report that Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I, which has various rodents as its natural host, is the third most common source of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Sep 30;786:147474. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

University College Dublin, School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address:

Farm-to-fork quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) typically start with a preliminary estimate of initial concentration (C) of microorganism loading at farm level, consisting of an initial estimate of prevalence (P) and the resulting pathogen levels in animal faeces. An average estimation of the initial concentration of pathogens can be achieved by combining P estimates in animal populations and the levels of pathogens in colonised animals' faeces and resulting cumulative levels in herd farmyard manure and slurry (FYM&S). In the present study, 14 years of data were collated and assessed using a Bayesian inference loop to assess the likely P of pathogens. Read More

Acta Trop 2021 May 5;220:105946. Epub 2021 May 5.

Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. Electronic address:

The apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium causes serious diarrheal disease in humans and animals worldwide. The present review summarizes epidemiological and molecular studies as well as the clinical disease burden of natural Cryptosporidium infections in humans and animals from Iraq. Retrieved reports regarding cryptosporidiosis in Iraq indicated that the disease is highly prevalent in humans and animals, but the results extracted from these reports are confusing and mostly employed traditional methodologies for the detection of Cryptosporidium infective stage, the oocysts, in clinical samples. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2021 May 6:10406387211011949. Epub 2021 May 6.

California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory (CAHFS), University of California-Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA.

Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal protozoal disease of public health importance caused by spp. Despite the high synanthropism of raccoons, studies describing the pathology of spp. infections in this species are lacking. Read More

Parasite 2021 3;28:41. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Immunity and Biochemistry, Institute of Parasitic Disease, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences 310013 Hangzhou PR China - Hangzhou Medical College 310053 Hangzhou PR China.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis and threatens warm-blooded animal and human health worldwide. Simple and applicable diagnostic methods are urgently needed to guide development of effective approaches for prevention of toxoplasmosis. Most molecular diagnostic tools for T. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2021 Jul 15;137:77-85. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Nicosia, Medical School, Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, Anatomy Centre, 2408 Nicosia, Cyprus.

The One-Health approach highlights that the health of human populations is closely connected to the health of animals and their shared environment. Cryptosporidiosis is an opportunistic zoonotic disease considering as global public health concern. Cats are considered as one of potential host for transmitting the Cryptosporidium spp. Read More

J Clin Immunol 2021 Apr 30. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.

Biallelic inactivating mutations in IL21R causes a combined immunodeficiency that is often complicated by cryptosporidium infections. While eight IL-21R-deficient patients have been reported previously, the natural course, immune characteristics of disease, and response to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain to be comprehensively examined. In our study, we have collected clinical histories of 13 patients with IL-21R deficiency from eight families across seven centers worldwide, including five novel patients identified by exome or NGS panel sequencing. Read More

Pathogens 2021 Apr 26;10(5). Epub 2021 Apr 26.

Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, 171 82 Solna, Sweden.

The intestinal protozoan parasite is an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to expand the knowledge on the molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden to better understand transmission patterns and potential zoonotic sources. -positive fecal samples were collected between January 2013 and December 2014 from 12 regional clinical microbiology laboratories in Sweden. Read More

Pathogens 2021 Apr 9;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique.

is a leading cause of childhood diarrhoea and associated physical and cognitive impairment in low-resource settings. -positive faecal samples ( = 190) from children aged ≤ 5 years enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) in Mozambique detected by ELISA (11.5%, 430/3754) were successfully PCR-amplified and sequenced at the or rRNA loci for species determination and genotyping. Read More

Afr J Infect Dis 2021 18;15(2):3-9. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute(KMFRI), P.O Box 451-10230,Sagana, Kenya.

Background: There is no information on human and animal . in Njoro sub- county. The risk posed to humans and animals within the sub-county is therefore unknown. Read More

Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 2021 ;62(2):37-43

Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.

Microbial risk assessment in food safety is a valuable tool to reduce the risks of infection by pathogens. The dose-response relation is aimed to establish the relationship between the dose of a pathogen that populations are exposed to and the probability of the adverse health effect by the pathogen. Among many dose-response models ever proposed, the exponential and beta-Poisson models have been internationally applied, but the decision on which model is selected between them solely depends on the goodness of fit to specific data sets. Read More

Parasit Vectors 2021 Apr 20;14(1):208. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Longzihu Campus of Henan Agricultural University, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengzhou New District, Zhengzhou, 450046, People's Republic of China.

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan parasite with zoonotic importance and can cause cryptosporidiosis in humans as well as domestic and wild animals worldwide. The IId subtype family (SF) is one of the most prevalent subtypes of C. parvum. Read More

Vet Rec 2021 Apr 19:e246. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales, Microbiology and Health Protection, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK.

Background: Cryptosporidium can be an important human health risk, predominantly causing gastroenteritis. With increased public attendance at commercial and open farms, there is a need to improve the understanding of Cryptosporidium risk on premises that are visited by the public.

Methods: This study was designed to explore the animal premises-related and animal sampling-related data routinely collected, during 2009-2019, from human outbreak sampling investigations where animal contact was suggested as a source of Cryptosporidium. Read More

IDCases 2021 7;24:e01115. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.

The protozoan affects the digestive tract of humans and animals. Cryptosporidiosis leads to diarrhoea mimicking a cholera-like course with dehydration and may even result in death in immunodeficient patients, as patients with hyper-IgM syndrome. We describe a rare case of disseminated infection in a seven- year-old boy with CD40 L deficiency. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Apr 14;21(1):349. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, 27711, Kosti, Sudan.

Background: Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by infection with an intestinal coccidian parasite Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium species are the second leading cause of diarrheal disease and death in children in developing countries. Until now, no data have been available or published on its prevalence among children with diarrhea in Sudan. Read More

Infect Genet Evol 2021 Aug 10;92:104859. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia.

Cryptosporidium is an important protozoan parasite and due to its resistance to chlorine is a major cause of swimming pool-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks. The present study combined contact tracing and molecular techniques to analyse cryptosporidiosis cases and outbreaks in Western Australia in 2019 and 2020. In the 2019 outbreak, subtyping at the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene identified 89. Read More

Int J Parasitol 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address:

The use of molecular tools has led to the identification of several zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats. Among them, Cryptosporidium canis and Cryptosporidium felis are dominant species causing canine and feline cryptosporidiosis, respectively. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2021 Feb;38(1):54-60

Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Chile.

Background: Infectious diarrhea is still a major problem in public health, especially in children under 5 years of age. The identification of the etiologic agent is important for the clinical management of the diarrhea episode and, from the epidemiological point of view, to implement control measures.

Aim: To determine the presence of gastrointestinal pathogens in children under five years of age with diarrhea in a Chilean rotavirus surveillance center. Read More