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J Pediatr Surg 2019 Jan 3. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Urology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Introduction: Neonatal testicular germ cells/gonocytes, transform into stem cells for spermatogenesis during 'minipuberty', driving change in timing of surgery. This study examined gonocyte transformation in cryptorchid testes in children ≤18 months of age with unilateral, bilateral undescended testes (UDT), complete or partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS, PAIS) [3,4].

Material And Methods: Testicular biopsies were taken from patients with unilateral or bilateral UDT, PAIS or CAIS, aged 10 days-18 months. Read More

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 Jan 28:e558. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon - HCL GH Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Bron, France.

Background: Chromosome 8p deletions are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiac abnormalities, mental, behavioral problems with variable morphotype and genitourinary anomalies in boys.

Methods: We describe the follow-up over almost 15 years of a boy who initially presented with perineal hypospadias with a micropenis and cryptorchidism with 46,XY DSD.

Results: Imaging, pathology, and hormonal exploration suggested gonadal dysgenesis. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2018 Dec;71(10):840-849

Laboratorio de Andrología, Microbióloga y Química Clínica. Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Ciudad de México. México.

Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an uncommonurologic condition incidentally diagnosed byscrotal ultrasound. It has been associated with differentdiseases, such as Klinefelter`s syndrome, testicular atrophy,cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, and infertility.However, it can also present in healthy males that haveno associated risk factors. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018 Nov;20(11):925-929

Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare pediatric disease with major manifestations of olfactory dysfunction and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Five children (4 boys and 1 girl) with KS reported in this article were aged between 6 months and 19 years at the time when they attended the hospital. All the children had the clinical manifestation of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; in addition, three children had olfactory dysfunction (two were found to have olfactory bulb dysplasia on magnetic resonance imaging), one had cleft lip and palate, and one had micropenis and cryptorchidism with right renal agenesis during infancy. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2018 Jul;47(7):531-535

Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China.

To investigate the pathologic features of gonadal tissues of disorders of sexual development (DSD) in children. Fifty-three cases of gonadal developmental disorders were collected from July 2015 to August 2017 at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. Clinical manifestations, karyotypes, sex hormone levels, ultrasound imaging, histology and immunophenotype of gonadal tissues were analyzed. Read More

Reprod Domest Anim 2018 Dec 28;53(6):1263-1270. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.

This review article is aimed at providing an update on canine cryptorchidism based on the research studies published in this area over the last 26 years. Although a majority of these research studies were directed at investigating the genetic and molecular basis of cryptorchidism, the mechanisms underlying this problem in dogs are still not clear. Future studies using advanced genomic and molecular approaches and including a larger number of dogs of multiple breeds are required to further our understanding of canine cryptorchidism. Read More

Doc Ophthalmol 2018 May 16. Epub 2018 May 16.

Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, New York, NY, USA.

Purpose: To describe the finding of circularly grouped hypomelanotic spots in the central macula of a patient with syndromic characteristics.

Methods: Case report of a patient with albinotic spots grouped within the macula, café au lait spots, and left-sided hemihypertrophy.

Results: A 15-year-old boy presented with hypomelanotic spots which were hyperautofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence imaging with no disruption of the retinal laminae or photoreceptor inner and outer segment (IS/OS) junction on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Read More

Radiographics 2018 May-Jun;38(3):806-830

From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 (P.K.M., D.A.B., P.A.H., J.P., C.C.M.); Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar (A.S.A.); and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (A.C., H.G., F.H.M.).

Diagnostic workup of scrotal lesions should begin with a complete clinical history and physical examination, including analysis of risk factors such as family history of testicular cancer, personal history of tumor in the contralateral testis, and cryptorchidism, followed by imaging. Scrotal ultrasonography (US) with a combination of gray-scale and color Doppler techniques has been the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of testicular and extratesticular lesions because of its low cost, wide availability, and high diagnostic accuracy. However, US has limitations related to operator dependence, the relatively small field of view, and lack of tissue characterization. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Apr 19;2018. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

General Surgery, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

Cryptorchidism is associated with increased risk of malignancy and infertility. We present a case of a 30-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department of our tertiary care hospital with spontaneous intra-abdominal rupture of the seminoma in undescended testis with hemoperitoneum. This is a rare presentation of seminoma and emphasises the importance of scrotal examination in young men presenting with acute abdomen. Read More

Am Fam Physician 2018 Feb;97(4):261-268

Fort Polk, LA, USA.

Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumor among males 15 to 34 years of age, with an estimated 8,850 new cases and 410 deaths during 2017 in the United States. With effective treatment, the overall five-year survival rate is 97%. Risk factors for testicular cancer include undescended testis (cryptorchidism), personal or family history of testicular cancer, age, ethnicity, and infertility. Read More

Hum Reprod 2018 05;33(5):967-977

Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.

Study Question: Can subphenotype analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from subjects with testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) provide insight into cryptorchidism (undescended testis, UDT) susceptibility?

Summary Answer: Suggestive intragenic GWAS signals common to UDT, TGCT case-case and TGCT case-control analyses occur in genes encoding RBFOX RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their neurodevelopmental targets.

What Is Known Already: UDT is a strong risk factor for TGCT, but while genetic risk factors for TGCT are well-known, genetic susceptibility to UDT is poorly understood and appears to be more complex.

Study Design, Size, Duration: We performed a secondary subphenotype analysis of existing GWAS data from the Testicular Cancer Consortium (TECAC) and compared these results with our previously published UDT GWAS data, and with data previously acquired from studies of the fetal rat gubernaculum. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Mar 28;2018. Epub 2018 Mar 28.

Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.

A 39-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of worsening constant, dull diffuse lower abdominal pain with associated constipation and known history of left undescended testicle. He was evaluated at an outside hospital where a non-contrasted CT scan revealed a 20 cm well-circumscribed soft tissue mass within the pelvis.He was referred and further imaging revealed a 12 cm heterogeneous mass with foci of air that appeared to be contiguous with the left spermatic cord. Read More

J Clin Ultrasound 2018 Oct 25;46(8):546-548. Epub 2018 Mar 25.

Department of Pediatrics, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University, Haeundae-gu, Busan, Korea.

Prenatal ultrasonography (US) in a 39 year-old woman revealed massive fetal ascites. A fetal abdomino-amniotic shunting procedure was performed. Subsequently, plain radiographs demonstrated diffuse gaseous distention of the bowel and multiple punctate calcifications in the left upper abdomen. Read More

Urology 2018 Jun 20;116:81-86. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, ON, Canada; Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Objective: To determine if 3 of the Canadian Urological Association's Choosing Wisely recommendations (released in 2013-2014) related to urologic care altered physician and patient behavior.

Methods: Administrative data from Ontario, Canada between 2008 and 2017 was used. We identified 3 cohorts: First, we determined how many men >66 years of age had a serum testosterone level before starting testosterone therapy. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2018 Mar 12;14(1):86. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Department of Medicine & Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.

Background: The teratogenic effects of immunomodulatory and certain antimicrobial therapies are described in small rodents and humans. While the described teratogenic effects in small rodents have been extrapolated to make conclusions about its use in the pregnant dam, teratogenic effects of prednisone and doxycycline have not yet been reported in the dog. Here we report and describe midline defects observed in a litter of golden retriever puppies exposed to mid-gestational immunosuppressive and antimicrobial therapy. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2018 9;43:41-44. Epub 2018 Feb 9.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is a rare sexual disease. It is characterized by the presence of female reproductive structures such as uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and upper part of vagina in a normal genotypically and phenotypically male. The diagnosis is usually incidental since the patients will present with normal external genitalia and secondary sexual characteristics. Read More

J Endocrinol Invest 2018 Sep 15;41(9):1103-1106. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Paediatric Surgery Department, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland.

Purpose: To evaluate the concentration of 20S proteasome in the blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism.

Methods: Patients-50 boys aged 1-4 years (median = 2.4 years) with unilateral cryptorchidism. Read More

PLoS One 2018 5;13(2):e0191806. Epub 2018 Feb 5.

Paediatric Surgery Department,Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.

Background: The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulate p53, caspase and Bcl-2 family proteins, and is crucial for the degradation of the defective germ cells in testes. Purpose: to evaluate the concentration of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1) in the blood plasma of boys with cryptorchidism and if there is any correlation with patient age.

Methods: Patients-50 boys aged 1-4 years (median = 2,4y. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2018 Jan;24(1):85-87

Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Servergazi State Hospital, Denizli-Turkey.

Genital and perineal burns are rare and challenging injuries with serious long-term complications. Involvement of the testes is a sign of severity. There is limited knowledge in the literature about the management of complications and testes involvement in genital and perineal burns. Read More

Andrologia 2018 Mar 15;50(2). Epub 2017 Dec 15.

Department of Urology, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Infertility occurs in up to 54% of men with bilateral undescended testes. Orchiectomy is considered the best therapeutic approach, especially when cryptorchidism is diagnosed in adulthood, due to a high risk of malignancy. A 33-year-old man was referred with a clinical presentation of empty scrotum and an ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intra-abdominal bilateral cryptorchidism. Read More

J Ultrasound Med 2018 Jul 7;37(7):1665-1670. Epub 2017 Dec 7.

Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of preoperative ultrasonography (US) for detecting a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis.

Methods: Patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis or unilateral palpable undescended testis who underwent preoperative US were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: nonpalpable testis/no testis (n = 27), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with no viable testis detected at surgery; nonpalpable testis/viable testis (n = 10), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with a viable testis identified at surgery; and palpable undescended testis (n = 63), which included patients who had a unilateral palpable undescended testis. Read More

Med Ultrason 2017 Nov;19(4):380-385

Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 03722.

Aims: To evaluate the differences and changes of testicular volume and elasticity in normal (NL) testes and undescended testes (UDTs) of children using shear wave elastography (SWE).

Materials And Methods: Testicular ultrasound images from children younger than 60 months old were retrospectively reviewed. Testicular volumes and elasticities were compared between the UDT group and NL group. Read More

BMC Urol 2017 Dec 2;17(1):112. Epub 2017 Dec 2.

Department of Pediatric urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan.

Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), such as renal dysplasia, hydronephrosis, or vesicoureteral reflux, are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. However, the genetic etiology of CAKUT remains unclear. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to elucidate the genetic etiology of symptomatic CAKUT and CAKUT accompanied by cryptorchidism. Read More

Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2017 28;26(4):251-257. Epub 2017 Sep 28.

Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Shimane, Japan.

Congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) may present with cholestasis in the neonate or during early infancy. However, its precise mechanism is unknown. A 3-mo-old boy presented with cryptorchidism and hypoplastic scrotum after birth. Read More

BMC Urol 2017 Aug 24;17(1):66. Epub 2017 Aug 24.

Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.

Background: Several recent reports have demonstrated that the preoperative sensitivity and accuracy of identifying and locating non-palpable testes increases with the use of conventional MRI, in addition to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Therefore, pre-operative prediction of the presence and location of testes using imaging techniques may guide management of intra-abdominal testis. Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy is effective for treating patients with intra-abdominal testis; however, long-term testicular function after this procedure has not been clarified. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017 Dec 13;87(6):757-766. Epub 2017 Sep 13.

National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Context: The diagnosis of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) in prepuberty has always been challenging. Here, we aimed at studying the clinical and genetic features of paediatric CHH, especially the phenotype of hypospadias and dual defects (patients showing hypothalamic and/or pituitary defects and testicular hypoplasia), so as to have a better understanding of CHH.

Design: The clinical and genetic features of patients with CHH were analysed, and the relationships between hypospadias, dual defects and genetics were investigated. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 Aug 8;2017. Epub 2017 Aug 8.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.

We, herein, present a male neonate with an antenatally detected intra-abdominal cyst who presented at 18 days of life at which time, the ultrasound revealed a 5×4 cm cyst. Since he was asymptomatic, we planned to repeat the ultrasound a month later and operate if the cyst showed no regression. However, a week later, he presented with an acute abdomen, irritable cry and a repeat ultrasound showing a larger (8×6 cm) cystic mass with debris within. Read More

Urology 2017 Nov 2;109:159-164. Epub 2017 Aug 2.

Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.

Objective: To clarify the prevalence and chronological changes of testicular microlithiasis in isolated congenital undescended testes, retrospective chart review was performed.

Materials And Methods: Among children with palpable isolated undescended testes who underwent orchiopexy at less than 3 years of age between January 2009 and May 2016, those who had preoperative testicular ultrasonography were enrolled. Testicular microlithiasis was classified as limited or classic. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2017 Aug;33(8):596-598

From the *Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY; and †Emergency Medicine and ‡Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Pediatric emergency medicine physicians may be able to use point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) as a tool to evaluate abdominal wall masses. We present a case of a 2-month-old infant with a lower abdominal mass identified as a hernia sac by POCUS. It was initially thought to represent a Spigelian-type abdominal wall hernia but subsequently determined to be an unusual presentation of an inguinal hernia with testicular entrapment. Read More

Eur J Med Genet 2017 Oct 4;60(10):504-508. Epub 2017 Jul 4.

Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143-2711, USA.

We present a 7-year old male with severe delays, hypotonia and dysmorphic features who had striking, deep palmar and plantar creases and pillowing of the soft tissues of the palms and soles. His facial features included a high anterior hairline, small eyes with narrowed palpebral fissures, a bulbous nasal tip with a short columella, and a large mouth with a thin upper vermilion, and small chin. He had a submucous cleft palate, bilateral cryptorchidism and hydronephrosis. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Aug 15;13(4):392.e1-392.e6. Epub 2017 May 15.

Division of Urology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA.

Introduction: The traditional management paradigm for nonpalpable testis (NPT) has been that inguinal or scrotal exploration for a nubbin may be omitted when blind ending vessels are observed during diagnostic laparoscopy. Our aim was to examine whether blind ending vessels excluded the presence of a nubbin in a series of boys who underwent exploration in this setting.

Materials And Methods: Using a surgical database and chart review, pre-pubertal boys (≤12 years) with the diagnosis of undescended or atrophic testis who underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy for unilateral NPT between 2000 and 2015 were retrospectively identified. Read More

Can Fam Physician 2017 Jun;63(6):432-435

Professor of Surgery in Pediatric Urology at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa.

Objective: To review the differences between normal, retractile, ectopic, ascended, and undescended testes and to describe the optimal way to perform a testicular examination to distinguish one from the other, as well as to demonstrate that ultrasound imaging is not necessary and to clarify when to consider specialist referral.

Sources Of Information: This paper is based on selected findings from a MEDLINE search on undescended testes and orchiopexy referrals, and on our experience at the Urology Clinic at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa, including review of referrals to our clinic for undescended testes and the resultant findings of normal variants versus surgical cases. The MeSH headings used in our MEDLINE search included and . Read More

Oncol Lett 2017 Jun 31;13(6):4385-4389. Epub 2017 Mar 31.

Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China.

Small supernumerary maker chromosome (sSMC) is a type of structurally abnormal chromosome. In order to identify the origin, morphology and other characteristics of sSMCs in children with mos 45,X/46,X,+mar karyotype, 17 patients (16 females and 1 male) were analyzed. All patients underwent general physical examination, gonadal imaging and molecular cytogenetic analyses, including Giemsa banding, dual-color fluorescence hybridization and detection of the sex-determining region Y gene by polymerase chain reaction. Read More

Pol J Radiol 2017 7;82:252-257. Epub 2017 May 7.

Department of Radiology and Imaging, Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, Punjab, India.

Background: Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) is a rare entity, usually found in male neonates. It comprises complex urinary tract anomalies, bilateral undescended testis and absence of anterior abdominal wall muscles. Patients with unilateral abdominal wall deficiency, unilateral undescended testis and female neonates with abdominal wall laxity are classified as Pseudo Prune Belly syndrome (PPBS). Read More

BMC Vet Res 2017 Jun 2;13(1):156. Epub 2017 Jun 2.

Laboratory of Theriogenology & Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ro 1, Daehak-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.

Background: Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS), a rare form of male pseudohermaphroditism in dogs, is an abnormal sexual phenotype in males that is characterized by the existence of a hypoplastic oviduct, uterus, and cranial part of the vagina. Dogs suffering from PMDS are often accompanied by cryptorchidism. To date, it has been mainly found in the Miniature Schnauzer breed. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 May 12;2017. Epub 2017 May 12.

Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Kota, India.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a rare benign neoplastic tumour, originally described as an inflammatory pseudotumor. Only a single case of IMT in the spermatic cord associated with undescended testes has been reported. We present a rare case of abdominal IMT in a male infant with undescended bilateral testes. Read More

J Urol 2017 Dec 21;198(6):1410-1417. Epub 2017 Apr 21.

Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Purpose: While the nonpalpable testis represents a small portion of all cryptorchid testes, it remains a clinical challenge for pediatric urologists. Controversy exists surrounding the best evaluation and management of this entity. In this review we update what is known about the nonpalpable testis, including the etiology, preoperative evaluation and best surgical management as well as novel techniques and ongoing controversies. Read More

J Pediatr 2017 06 10;185:187-192.e1. Epub 2017 Apr 10.

Department of General Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.

Objective: To assess regional practices in management of cryptorchidism with regard to timely fixation by the current recommended age of 18 months.

Study Design: A retrospective study was performed. Charts of all patients who underwent surgical correction for cryptorchidism by a pediatric general surgeon or urologist within a tertiary pediatric hospital in an urban setting were systematically reviewed. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2017 May 16;12:47-48. Epub 2017 Mar 16.

USA.

Hernia uteri inguinalis (HUI) is one of the rarest causes of male pseudo-hermaphroditism worldwide. We report the case of a 49-year-old male with discovery of this anomaly during inguinal hernia repair. A 49-year-old man presented to the clinic for recurrent inguinal hernia with enlarging left scrotum consistent with hydrocele on imaging. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Oct 1;13(5):492.e1-492.e5. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Department of Urology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Introduction: Pediatric presentations of a prostatic utricle have received only scant attention. Though recognized with increased frequency in boys with hypospadias, little is described about their incidence and potential for morbidity in boys with normal external genitalia.

Methods: We initially reviewed a cohort of 64 patients with hypospadias seen over a 3-year period to determine the frequency of investigative lower urinary tract studies and utricle identification. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Jun 21;13(3):268.e1-268.e6. Epub 2017 Jan 21.

Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), Hospital Management Research Center (HMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Background: Predicting the fate of a unilateral non-palpable testis based on its scrotal counterpart has been recommended by some, yet disputed by others, and the question remains open.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of contralateral testis hypertrophy in predicting the absence of a unilateral non-palpable testis in a Middle Eastern population.

Study Design: This retrospective study included all patients referred to the present institution with unilateral non-palpable testis between June 2010 and August 2014, who had undergone laparoscopy. Read More

J Comput Assist Tomogr 2017 Jul/Aug;41(4):633-637

From the Department of Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the computed tomography imaging features of a torsed inguinal testis with nontorsed inguinal testes.

Methods: Computed tomography scans of patients with undescended testes were retrospectively collected (2011-2016). Imaging features of nontorsed undescended testis were compared with a case of an inguinal torsed testis. Read More

Andrology 2017 03 10;5(2):219-225. Epub 2017 Feb 10.

Service de Gynécologie Endocrinienne et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France.

Patients with very low sperm count through direct sperm examination can exhibit extreme oligozoospermia or cryptozoospermia (after centrifugation). The management of these patients is a real challenge for both clinicians and biologists. In this retrospective and comparative cohort study, we compared the andrological phenotype of patients with extreme alterations of spermatogenesis and assessed whether the origin of spermatozoa (testicular or ejaculate) had any influence on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. Read More

Electron Physician 2016 Dec 25;8(12):3395-3397. Epub 2016 Dec 25.

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare, sex-limited, autosomal recessive disorder representing male pseudo-hermaphroditism. It is observed in males with the presence of female reproductive organs such as the uterus, cervix, and bilateral fallopian tubes along with normally developed male reproductive organs. It generally occurs during embryogenesis due to mutation in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene, i. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2017 Mar 4;173(3):654-660. Epub 2017 Feb 4.

Service d'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Maladies Rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.

We report a novel syndromic disorder of sex development observed in three male siblings, presenting with the association of micropenis without hypospadias, cryptorchidism, very low level of antimüllerian hormone in the neonatal period, and no persistent müllerian duct structures, suggesting a progressive regression of testicular function. The patients described here showed a striking neurological involvement including bilateral periventricular cysts observed in the anterior part of the frontal horns prenatally and increasing in size and number over time, associated with infra and supratentorial parenchymal atrophy, dilated ventricular system, corpus callosum hypoplasia, severe intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Associated features included a distinctive facies, joint contractures, retinopathy, and hearing loss. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Apr 16;13(2):214-215. Epub 2017 Jan 16.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.

Background: Splenogonadal fusion is rare abnormal congenital connection of splenic tissue and gonad. It commonly presents with either cryptorchidism or as a palpable mass. As a benign anomaly, orchiectomy is often unnecessary. Read More

Indian J Radiol Imaging 2016 Oct-Dec;26(4):506-509

Department of Clinical Radiology, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait.

Splenogonadal fusion is a very rare congenital anomaly which often manifests as a scrotal mass and rarely as cryptorchidism. It can be of continuous and discontinuous type based on the presence of a band of connecting splenic tissue. We report a rare case of discontinuous type of splenogonadal fusion in an adolescent male presenting as cryptorchidism. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2016 Dec;5(6):927-934

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA;; Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.

Testicular compartment syndrome (TCS) refers to the impairment of microcirculation in the testicle due to either increased venous resistance or extraluminal compression, which leads to hypoxia. TCS releases oxidants through hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management of TCS are reviewed. Read More

Andrology 2017 03 6;5(2):248-255. Epub 2017 Jan 6.

Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Testicular hyperechogenic foci (THF) are associated with Klinefelter's syndrome, cryptorchidism, infertility, and testicular germ cell neoplasia. The aims of the study were to evaluate THF in relation to etiology of azoospermia and to Sertoli cell dysfunction. The structures inside the scrotum of consecutive non-vasectomized, azoospermic were examined by ultrasonography, and hormone (FSH, LH, testosterone, and prolactin), and genetic analyses (karyotype, Y microdeletions, and CFTR mutations) were performed. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2017 Jan 24;86:248-251. Epub 2016 Nov 24.

Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, KMPasa, Istanbul, 34098, Turkey. Electronic address:

Objectives: We sought to compare unilateral palpable undescended testes and contralateral descended testes using shear wave elastography (SWE) to show potential quantitative differences in elasticity patterns, which might reflect the histologic features.

Methods: Approval for this prospective study was obtained from the local ethics committee. A total of 29 patients (mean age, 7. Read More