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Med Pharm Rep 2020 Apr 22;93(2):213-218. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Department of Medical Imaging, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor", Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Cryptorchidism, as a singular pathology or associated with other dysgenesis syndromes, is one of the main factors of risk for the development of the testicular tumors. Although there are a great number of cases of undescended testicles that are diagnosed and treated during the first 6-12 months of life, there are rare cases of adults who are undiagnosed and untreated from this anomaly, which can present a high risk of malignancy. In this study we present the case of a 36-year-old patient, diagnosed at puberty with left cryptorchidism, untreated, who also hadevidenced a large intraabdominal tumoral mass associated with it. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 11;12(4):e7637. Epub 2020 Apr 11.

Medical Oncology, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA.

Cryptorchidism is an undeniable risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) and is also commonly associated with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients. Embryonal cell carcinoma usually shows strong expression of CD30 and OCT3/4, with patchy staining of PLAP1. Most patients with nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs) can achieve total remission with proactive chemotherapy, and most can be cured. Read More

Clin Exp Pediatr 2020 Mar 23. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is the single most common genitourinary disease in male neonates. In most cases, the testes will descend spontaneously by 3 months of age. If the testes do not descend by 6 months of age, the probability of spontaneous descent thereafter is low. Read More

Urology 2020 Jun 19;140:e4-e5. Epub 2020 Mar 19.

Department of Radiology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address:

The coexistence of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is extremely rare. Due to a lack of distinctive clinical features in the early stages, PMDS coexists with TTE is usuallydiagnosed when patients are examined for other diseases,including cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. We present a case of a 51-year-old man who presented with a recurrent left indirect inguinal hernia for 2 years and right congenital cryptorchidism. Read More

Adv Med Sci 2020 Mar 21;65(1):176-181. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address:

Purpose: Laminin 5 and collagen IV are the main compounds of the extracellular matrix of the germinal epithelium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of these two markers of fibrosis in the plasma of boys with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism.

Materials And Methods: The study group comprised 43 boys aged 1-3 years with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism. Read More

P R Health Sci J 2019 12;38(4):269-271

Urology Section, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR.

Objective: Cryptorchidism is an abnormality of the male genitourinary tract in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. The American Urological Association (AUA) clinical guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of cryptorchidism were recently published. We reviewed our experience with the evaluation and management of our patients and examined our findings with respect to the AUA and European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Dec 6;13(1):357. Epub 2019 Dec 6.

Anatomy unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O.box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Background: Anatomical variations are common, some of these variations are clinically important and some are not. These variations may require treatment or they may be a variant of a normal presentation. In clinical practices, anatomical variations should not be overlooked. Read More

Cureus 2019 Oct 17;11(10):e5936. Epub 2019 Oct 17.

Cardiology, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, USA.

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) is a rare adult congenital heart disease which permits shunting of blood from the systemic to the pulmonary circulation and is commonly associated with anomalous pulmonary venous return. We report a case of a 27-year-old man with a history of premature birth and unilateral cryptorchidism who was admitted for syncope. Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated atrial fibrillation (AF)and S1Q3T3 pattern along with an incomplete right bundle branch block. Read More

J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2019 Nov 29. Epub 2019 Nov 29.

Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital Clinics of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diyarbakır, Turkey

We, report a novel heterozygous IVS11-2A>C(c.1957-2A>C) mutation in gene with an extremely distinct phenotypical expression in two siblings and their father from an unrelated family. The index case was a boy who developed cholestasis and hypoglycaemia at the neonatal period. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019 12;10:781. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous condition, caused by the deficient secretion or action of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). It can manifest with absent or incomplete sexual maturation, or as infertility at adult-age; in a half of cases, IHH is associated with hypo/anosmia (Kallmann syndrome). Although a growing number of genes are being related to this disease, genetic mutations are currently found only in 40% of IHH patients. Read More

Andrologia 2020 Feb 12;52(1):e13477. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Urology Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

The purpose of this study was to follow up patients who underwent testicular torsion orchiopexies in order to observe whether testicular atrophy had occurred and to identify any influencing factors regarding atrophy. Patient data collected in this study included age, symptom duration, pre-operative preparation time, cryptorchidism testicular torsion, spermatic cord torsion degree, ultrasound findings at least 6 months after orchiopexy, testicular atrophy, mean platelet volume (MPV), address and medical insurance. Twenty-nine patients with a mean age of 147 (126. Read More

BMC Surg 2019 Nov 11;19(1):167. Epub 2019 Nov 11.

Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Background: Abdominal cocoon is a rare peritoneal lesion and is difficult to diagnose because of its lack of special clinical manifestations. Until now, there is no case report of abdominal cocoon combined with cryptorchidism and seminoma.

Case Presentation: A case of abdominal cocoon with cryptorchidism and seminoma was diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Read More

Hum Reprod 2019 08;34(8):1389-1403

Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Study Question: When should 'not so rare' Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) of the testis be suspected, diagnosed, and treated?

Summary Answer: LCTs are more frequent than generally believed, are associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism and gynecomastia, and should be treated conservatively (in compliant patients) with active surveillance, which appears to be a safe alternative to surgical enucleation.

What Is Known Already: Increasing referrals for testicular imaging have led to an increase in findings of LCTs. The features and natural history of these tumors remain largely unknown, as the available studies are small and heterogeneous. Read More

J Int Med Res 2019 Nov 9;47(11):5809-5816. Epub 2019 Sep 9.

Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.

Pediatr Surg Int 2019 Nov 21;35(11):1309-1316. Epub 2019 Aug 21.

Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.

Purpose: Undescended testes (UDT) are subjected to heat stress, which can disturb gonocyte transformation as well as apoptosis. This study aims to describe the apoptosis pathway occurring during minipuberty of children with unilateral (UDT), and to investigate the role of inhibin-B.

Methods: Testicular biopsies at unilateral orchidopexy of 10 boys (6-9 months old) with normal inhibin-B (n = 5) or low inhibin-B (n = 5) were selected for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling) assay. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2019 10 9;179(10):2049-2055. Epub 2019 Aug 9.

Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.

Histone Gene Cluster 1 Member E, HIST1H1E, encodes Histone H1.4, is one of a family of epigenetic regulator genes, acts as a linker histone protein, and is responsible for higher order chromatin structure. HIST1H1E syndrome (also known as Rahman syndrome, OMIM #617537) is a recently described intellectual disability (ID) syndrome. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Jul 22;12(7). Epub 2019 Jul 22.

General Surgery, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.

Yolk sac tumour (YST), the most common germ cell tumour (GCT) in infants and children, accounts for 80% of GCTs in this age group. It is observed in only 2.4% of adult patients in their pure form since up to 42% of mixed GCTs have some component of the yolk sac. Read More

Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2019 Oct 11;79(6):412-418. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok , Bialystok , Poland.

The matrix metalloproteinases are enzymes capable of remodeling of extracellular matrix, and modulate the behavior of cells. Maturation of gubernaculum and spermatogenesis demand proper equilibrium of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors. The aim of this survey was to investigate the levels of matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) in the plasma of children with unilateral cryptorchidism along with levels of Insulin-like Peptide 3 (INSL3) and inhibin B. Read More

Andrology 2020 01 10;8(1):166-170. Epub 2019 Jul 10.

Institute of Andrology, University College London Hospital, London, UK.

Introduction And Objectives: Adult undescended testicles (UDTs) often present to fertility specialists with subfertility or azoospermia and with either an intra-abdominal or inguinal testicle(s). Performing an orchidopexy followed by a surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) is a potential option to retrieve spermatozoa. A microdissection TESE (mTESE) procedure is performed to retrieve mature spermatozoa for use in ICSI. Read More

Mol Biol Rep 2019 Oct 3;46(5):4717-4724. Epub 2019 Jul 3.

Clinical Genetic Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wan Yuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.

High rates of misdiagnosis and delayed intervention in neonatal PWS are leading to poor prognoses. To determine the clinical and image characteristics of newborns with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). A total of 102 cases of newborns definitively diagnosed with PWS at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from 02/2014 to 12/2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Read More

Andrologia 2019 Oct 2;51(9):e13357. Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Urology Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of haematologic parameters for testicular survival in torsion. Children with testicular torsion (TT) treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2006 to December 2018 were enrolled in this study. Patient data collected in this study included age, symptom duration, preoperative preparation time, cryptorchidism testicular torsion or not, spermatic cord torsion degree, orchiectomy/orchiopexy, testicular volume 3 months after operation by ultrasound in orchiopexy patients and haematologic parameters. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2019 May;65(5):181-184

The Department of Urology, Sumitomo Hospital.

A 48-year-old female was referred to our hospital for further urological examination of primary amenorrhea. She had been suffering from amenorrhea since 12 years old. Although she had normal female external genitalia, she had a blind-ended vagina with complete absence of the uterus. Read More

Radiol Case Rep 2019 Aug 29;14(8):941-945. Epub 2019 May 29.

Department of Mother's and Child's health, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital Institute, Via Leonida Bissolati, 57, 25124, Brescia, Italy.

Prune Belly syndrome occurs in 1/40,000 live births and predominantly in males. It is characterized by triad: cryptorchidism, abdominal wall, and urinary tract abnormalities. Patients with partial or unilateral abdominal wall deficiency, unilateral undescended testis, and female neonates with abdominal wall laxity are classified as Pseudo Prune Belly syndrome. Read More

Cancer Imaging 2019 May 29;19(1):28. Epub 2019 May 29.

Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumour is the commonest malignancy affecting males aged between 15 and 35, with an increased relative risk amongst those with a history of cryptorchidism. In patients presenting with locoregional metastatic disease, retroperitoneal and pelvic soft tissue masses are common findings on ultrasound and computed tomography, which has several differential diagnoses within this demographic cohort. On staging F-FDG-PET/CT, understanding the typical testicular lymphatic drainage pathway facilitates prompt recognition of the pathognomonic constellation of unilateral absence of testicular scrotal activity, and FDG-avid nodal masses along the drainage pathway. Read More

Cancer Imaging 2019 May 16;19(1):24. Epub 2019 May 16.

Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical school, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315020, China.

Objective: To discuss the diagnostic value of multislice spiral tomography (CT) combined with CT angiography (CTA) technology in intra-abdominal undescended testis secondary seminoma cases.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the CT and CTA imaging features of CT and CTA findings of nine patients with an intra-abdominal undescended testis secondary seminoma.

Results: The tumors in all nine patients were mainly solid, and the average CT value was 38. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Apr 11;12(4). Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Department of Surgery, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

Abdominal cocoon syndrome (ACS), also known as idiopathic sclerosing peritonitis and primary sclerosing peritonitis, is a rare condition causing small bowel obstruction first described in 1978 by Foo It is characterised by total or partial encasement of the small bowel in a fibrocollagenous cocoon-like sac accompanied by extensive intrinsic small bowel adhesions. While the aetiology of this condition remains largely unknown, ACS can be divided into two subtypes: primary or idiopathic, which is often accompanied by cryptorchidism, and secondary to another cause such as congenital dysplasia or medications. Definitive diagnosis can only be achieved following laparotomy with extensive lysis of adhesions to alleviate the obstruction. Read More

BMJ 2019 03 25;364:l926. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Paediatric Urology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019 5;78(4):847-852. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Human and Animal Anatomy Department, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Considered the most common congenital testicular abnormality of companion animals and a predisposition factor to the development of testicular neoplasia, cryptorchidism is defined as the non-descent of one or both testes to their normal anatomical location. Data on the occurrence of cryptorchidism in Brazil are scarce. The purpose of this work was to verify the occurrence of cryptorchidism in dogs of different sizes and breeds. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2019 05 25;179(5):852-856. Epub 2019 Feb 25.

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas.

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in NIPBL, RAD21, SMC3, HDAC8, or SMC1A; all of which code for proteins that are components of, or interact with, the cohesin complex. Despite the identification of multiple genes associated with CdLS, over 25% of individuals strongly suspected to have CdLS have negative genetic testing, indicating that there are additional genes associated with the condition. HDAC2 codes for histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and, like HDAC8, is a Class 1 histone deacetylase. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2019 05 17;179(5):792-796. Epub 2019 Feb 17.

Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

The NONO gene encodes a nuclear protein involved in RNA metabolism. Hemizygous loss-of-function NONO variants have been associated with syndromic intellectual disability and with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). A two-year-old boy presented to the University of Utah's Penelope Undiagnosed Disease Program with developmental delay, nonfamilial features, relative macrocephaly, and dilated cardiomyopathy with LVNC and Ebstein anomaly. Read More

Reprod Fertil Dev 2019 Apr;31(5):953-961

Family Planning Research Institute, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hang-kong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; and Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 128 Sanyang Road, Wuhan 430010, China; and Corresponding author. Email:

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) is reduced by scrotal hyperthermia in cryptorchidism, varicocoele and heat treatment, but there is no direct evidence clarifying the relationship between CIRBP and spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CIRBP in GC2-spd cells (a mouse spermatocyte cell line) before and after heat treatment, and to determine the effects of the downregulation or overexpression of CIRBP on spermatocyte cell proliferation and apoptosis. GC2-spd cells overexpressing CIRBP and GC2-spd cells in CIRBP was knocked down were constructed to investigate the function of CIRBP in cell proliferation and apoptosis using a cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry respectively. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2019 Aug 3;54(8):1654-1659. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Urology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.

Introduction: Neonatal testicular germ cells/gonocytes, transform into stem cells for spermatogenesis during 'minipuberty', driving change in timing of surgery. This study examined gonocyte transformation in cryptorchid testes in children ≤18 months of age with unilateral, bilateral undescended testes (UDT), complete or partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS, PAIS) [3,4].

Material And Methods: Testicular biopsies were taken from patients with unilateral or bilateral UDT, PAIS or CAIS, aged 10 days-18 months. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2019 Jan-Mar;62(1):178-180

Department of Urology, Kalinga Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019 03 28;7(3):e558. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon - HCL GH Est, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, Bron, France.

Background: Chromosome 8p deletions are associated with a variety of conditions, including cardiac abnormalities, mental, behavioral problems with variable morphotype and genitourinary anomalies in boys.

Methods: We describe the follow-up over almost 15 years of a boy who initially presented with perineal hypospadias with a micropenis and cryptorchidism with 46,XY DSD.

Results: Imaging, pathology, and hormonal exploration suggested gonadal dysgenesis. Read More

Asian J Androl 2019 Mar-Apr;21(2):196-200

Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.

The clinical predictive factors for malignant testicular histology remain unclear because of the low prevalence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate predictors of malignant histology for testicular masses and decide more testis-sparing surgeries before surgery. This retrospective study enrolled 325 consecutive testicular mass patients who underwent radical orchiectomy (310/325) or testicular preserving surgery (15/325) from January 2001 to June 2016. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2019 03 13;179(3):344-349. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Primrose syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous missense variants within ZBTB20. Through an exome sequencing approach (as part of the Deciphering Developmental Disorders [DDD] study) we have identified five unrelated individuals with previously unreported, de novo ZBTB20 pathogenic missense variants. All five missense variants targeted the C2H2 zinc finger domains. Read More

J Med Ultrason (2001) 2019 Apr 8;46(2):231-237. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Department of Radiology, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Halkali, Istanbul, Turkey.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of undescended and retractile testes (RT) in a pediatric population.

Methods: We prospectively evaluated a total of 37 undescended testes (UDT), 15 RT, and 56 normal testes using SWE. The stiffness values were recorded for speed (m/s) and elasticity (kPa), and the mean stiffness values of groups were compared with each other. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2019 Jan 4;13(1). Epub 2019 Jan 4.

St Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital and Cardiac Centre, Shisong, Northwest Region, Cameroon.

Background: Cryptorchidism is the most common congenital malformation of the male genitourinary tract. The cryptorchid testis is most often located in the inguinal canal; however, intra-abdominal locations are not rare. The risk of malignancy in an undescended testis is 10% with the highest risk in an intra-abdominal testis. Read More

Hum Reprod 2019 03;34(3):389-402

Medical School, UWA, Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.

Study Question: Are early signs of metabolic disorder in late adolescence associated with features of impaired testicular function many years before the majority seek parenthood?

Summary Answer: Adolescents with features of metabolic disorder at 17 years, or insulin resistance (IR) at 20 years of age, show impaired testicular function and altered hormone levels compared to those without metabolic disorder.

What Is Known Already: Controversial evidence suggests a recent decline in sperm production potentially linked to environmental influences, but its cause remains unclear. Concomitant increases in obesity and diabetes suggest that lifestyle factors may contribute to this decline in testicular function. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2018 Dec;71(10):840-849

Laboratorio de Andrología, Microbióloga y Química Clínica. Instituto Nacional de Perinatología. Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes. Ciudad de México. México.

Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is an uncommonurologic condition incidentally diagnosed byscrotal ultrasound. It has been associated with differentdiseases, such as Klinefelter`s syndrome, testicular atrophy,cryptorchidism, testicular torsion, and infertility.However, it can also present in healthy males that haveno associated risk factors. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2018 Nov;20(11):925-929

Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a rare pediatric disease with major manifestations of olfactory dysfunction and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Five children (4 boys and 1 girl) with KS reported in this article were aged between 6 months and 19 years at the time when they attended the hospital. All the children had the clinical manifestation of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; in addition, three children had olfactory dysfunction (two were found to have olfactory bulb dysplasia on magnetic resonance imaging), one had cleft lip and palate, and one had micropenis and cryptorchidism with right renal agenesis during infancy. Read More

Andrologia 2019 Apr 8;51(3):e13194. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Department of Paediatric Urology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

To evaluate fertility potential after orchidopexy for bilateral undescended testis and compare two surgical fixation techniques for effect on fertility. Men older than 22 years who had either tunica albuginea orchidopexy (TAO) or "no-touch" technique (NTO) in childhood for bilateral undescended testis (BUDT) were selected. Participants filled out a questionnaire followed by physical examination, had testicular ultrasound, blood sample and semen analysis. Read More

Urol Int 2019 26;102(1):113-117. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Woman's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen University and Pingshan District, Shenzhen, China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of children with cryptorchidism complicated by testicular torsion.

Methods: The clinical data of 6 children with cryptorchidism complicated by testicular torsion admitted to our hospital from December 2000 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: All 6 children were diagnosed with cryptorchidism by surgery, their age was from 12 days up to 11 years, and the average time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 20. Read More

Eur Urol Focus 2018 04 14;4(3):338-347. Epub 2018 Oct 14.

Division of Male Reproductive Surgery and Men's Health, Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address:

Imaging can benefit clinicians in evaluating men with infertility or sexual dysfunction by giving an overview of a patient's overall clinical condition before undertaking an invasive procedure. An understanding of the limitations and advantages of image modalities used in clinical practice will ensure that clinicians can optimize patient care with imaging when necessary. PATIENT SUMMARY: The objective of this article was to review the current literature on imaging modalities used for the diagnosis and management of male infertility and sexual dysfunction. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2018 Dec 11;50(12):2139-2144. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Urology Department, School of Medicine, University Hospital, 61111, Minia, Egypt.

Purpose: We evaluated the role of initial laparoscopy and optimized approach in cases of unilateral nonpalpable testis.

Methods: Seventy-four patients with nonpalpable testes were presented. We excluded 9 patients, with palpable testes under anesthesia. Read More

SA J Radiol 2018 27;22(1):1374. Epub 2018 Sep 27.

Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, United States.

Cryptorchidism refers to an absence of the testis in the scrotal sac. Testicular descent occurs in two stages: transabdominal and gubernacular. The descent of the testis can be arrested in its usual path of descent (true undescended testis) or can migrate from the usual path of descent (ectopic testis). Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2018 12 20;176(12):2835-2840. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

UOC Neurochirurgia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.

THO/TREX (transcription/export) is a conserved eukaryotic complex that plays a crucial role in gene expression and prevents DNA damage during mitosis and meiosis. In mammals, TREX is essential during embryogenesis, determining stem cell fate specification by regulating posttranscriptional self-renewal and differentiation in several tissues. It is composed of a core called THO, consisting of THOC1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and additional proteins. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2018 Sep 17;12(1):268. Epub 2018 Sep 17.

Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Background: The use of electrocardiogram for sex verification in adults is an emerging concept in medicine. It is feasible through the utilization of Ogunlade Sex Determination Electrocardiographic Score. The aim of this study was to use an electrocardiogram to verify the sex of a woman with primary amenorrhea. Read More

BJU Int 2019 01 19;123(1):130-139. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Objective: To design a novel system of scoring prune belly syndrome (PBS) phenotypic severity at any presenting age and apply it to a large pilot cohort.

Patients And Methods: From 2000 to 2017, patients with PBS were recruited to our prospective PBS study and medical records were cross-sectionally analysed, generating individualised RUBACE scores. We designed the pragmatic RUBACE-scoring system based on six sub-scores (R: renal, U: ureter, B: bladder/outlet, A: abdominal wall, C: cryptorchidism, E: extra-genitourinary, generating the acronym RUBACE), yielding a potential summed score of 0-31. Read More

J Urol 2019 02;201(2):378-385

Division of Pediatric Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Purpose: Gubernaculum sparing laparoscopic orchiopexy, which involves anatomical delivery of the testis through the internal inguinal ring, has been proposed as an alternative to conventional laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy, maximizing collateral blood supply and potentially decreasing atrophy rates. We compared the 2 techniques to test this hypothesis.

Materials And Methods: The primary (dependent) outcome of the study was rate of testicular atrophy, which was defined as palpation of a nubbin or inability to palpate a testis (complete atrophy) on postoperative physical examination at 3 and 12 months. Read More