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Clin Imaging 2021 Jun 8;77:254-275. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Case Western Reserve School of Medicine and MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address:

Although a wide variety of pathologies can occur in the limited anatomic space within and surrounding the sella turcica only a few are common. This review aims to briefly summarize pituitary and parasellar anatomy and provide a focused description of the imaging features of both common and rare pituitary pathologies. Diagnoses of imaging findings with important implications for clinical management are highlighted. Read More

Br J Neurosurg 2021 Jun 14:1-6. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Craniopharyngioma (CPG) is a benign epithelial tumor that originates from Rathke's pouch. Meningiomas (MNG) are neoplasms of meningothelial cell. The patient is a 42-year-old female who presented with left-sided temporal headaches and visual acuity impairment. Read More

Neuroophthalmology 2020 Jan 14;45(2):126-129. Epub 2020 Jan 14.

Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Pendular see-saw nystagmus is an extremely rare form of nystagmus characterised by cyclical movement of the eyes with a conjugate torsional component and a disjunctive vertical component. Intorsion and elevation of one eye is accompanied by simultaneous extorsion and depression of the contralateral eye. Most commonly it results from a suprasellar/parasellar mass compressing the meso-diencephalic region. Read More

J Magn Reson Imaging 2021 Jun 4. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Yizhun Medical AI Co. Ltd, Beijing, China.

Background: Preoperative, noninvasive discrimination of the craniopharyngioma subtypes is important because it influences the treatment strategy.

Purpose: To develop a radiomic model based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for noninvasive discrimination of pathological subtypes of craniopharyngioma.

Study Type: Retrospective. Read More

Yonago Acta Med 2021 May 16;64(2):155-161. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging technique for the sellar and parasellar regions. In this review article, we report our clinical experience with MRI for hypothalamic and pituitary lesions, such as pituitary adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke cleft cysts, germinoma, and hypophysitis with reference to the histopathological findings through a review of the literature. Our previous study indicated that three dimensional-spoiled gradient echo sequence is a more suitable sequence for evaluating sellar lesions on postcontrast T1 weighted image (WI). Read More

Front Oncol 2021 21;11:660805. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Central nervous system tumors represent the most frequent solid malignancy in the pediatric population. Maximal safe surgical resection is a mainstay of treatment, with significant prognostic impact for the majority of histotypes. Intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) is a widely available tool in neurosurgery to assist in intracerebral disease resection. Read More

Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021 05;20(6):E420-E421

Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Microsurgical resection of craniopharyngiomas poses significant challenges, which are amplified with tumors in the retrochiasmatic location and larger size. Traditional pterional trans-sylvian, subfrontal translamia terminalis, or interhemispheric approaches provide narrow surgical corridors with obstructed visualization of the tumor by the prefixed chiasm and slit optic carotid window.1-5 The superior extension of the tumor compressing the hypothalamus and third ventricle are likewise inaccessible. Read More

J Clin Imaging Sci 2021 7;11:19. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, United States.

Vision loss can occur due to a variety of etiologies along the primary visual pathway. Understanding the anatomic organization of the visual pathway, which spans the globe to the occipital cortex, can help tailor neuroimaging to identify the cause of visual dysfunction. In this review, relevant anatomy and optimization of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques will be described. Read More

Sudan J Paediatr 2021 ;21(1):53-60

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

There is paucity of reported information regarding aetiology and clinical profile of hypopituitarism from resource-limited countries particularly in populations with high rates of consanguineous marriages. Here, we are reporting the first data on this aspect from Sudan. This is a descriptive, retrospective, hospital-based study, carried out in the two main paediatric endocrinology centres in Sudan (Gafaar Ibn Auf Paediatric Tertiary Hospital and Soba University Hospital, Khartoum) from January 2006 up to December 2014. Read More

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University and University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

Introduction: Fusiform dilatation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is reported as a possible complication of craniopharyngioma resection in childhood. Here, the authors describe such a complication in an adult patient who presented with acute symptomatic thrombosis 7 months after surgery.

Materials And Methods: A 45-year-old woman presented with left hemispheric stroke due to a thrombotic supraclinoid occlusion of the terminal ICA (so called "T" occlusion). Read More

Aging (Albany NY) 2021 03 26;13(7):10087-10098. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Hypothalamic nuclei in the preoptic and anterior hypothalamic region (POAH) are critically involved in thermoregulation and neuroendocrine regulation and can be displaced by craniopharyngiomas (CPs). We aimed to locate the POAH by visualizing hypothalamic thermoregulation through task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to guide hypothalamus protection intraoperatively. Nine adult healthy volunteers (HVs) and thirty-two adult primary CP patients underwent task-related fMRI for POAH localization by warm (60° C) and cold (0° C) cutaneous thermoreceptor stimulation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 24;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Endocrinology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK.

A 53-year-old man presented with 6 months history of weight loss associated with nausea, fatigue, dizziness and headache. On arrival he was in adrenal crisis. Biochemistry revealed anterior hypopituitarism with low cortisol, thyroxine, testosterone and a slightly raised prolactin. Read More

J Neuroophthalmol 2021 Feb 19. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Departments of Neurosurgery (DBA, SES, JDT), Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (CAA, JDT), Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology (HAP), Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SES), and Neurology University of Michigan (SES, JDT), Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Background: Pituitary adenomas and nonadenomatous lesions in the sellar region may be difficult to distinguish by imaging yet that distinction is critical in guiding management. The nature of the diagnostic errors in this setting has not been well documented.

Methods: Two neurosurgeons and 2 neuroradiologists of differing experience levels viewed deidentified MRIs of 18 nonadenomatous sellar lesions and 21 adenomas. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2021 15;14:83-87. Epub 2021 Feb 15.

Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Background: Craniopharyngiomas are common lesions that occur in the suprasellar region; however, strictly intrinsic third ventricular craniopharyngiomas are rare.

Case Series: We aimed to describe the magnetic resonance imaging features observed in five cases of strictly intrinsic third ventricular papillary craniopharyngiomas, including two cases of mixed cystic and solid tumors and three cases of pure solid masses.

Conclusion: Among the adult population, intrinsic third ventricular papillary craniopharyngiomas should be considered when either solid or mixed cystic and solid masses are observed, in which the solid component shows heterogeneous intensity, heterogeneous and strong enhancement, and is strictly located in the third ventricle. Read More

PLoS One 2021 16;16(2):e0246789. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is implicated in the development of hypothalamic obesity. We investigated the relationship between hypothalamic involvement (HI), central obesity, and cardiac autonomic dysfunction by assessing heart rate variability (HRV) indices in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 48 patients (28 males, 10-30 years old) with hypothalamic damage after childhood-onset craniopharyngioma was performed. Read More

Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) 2021 Feb 10. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.

Pituitary abscesses are very uncommon. They are divided into primary, arising within a healthy gland, and secondary, observed with an underlying pre-existing lesion. Here we present the eighth case reported of a secondary abscess within a craniopharyngioma. Read More

No Shinkei Geka 2021 Jan;49(1):185-191

Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University.

An ependymoma of the sella turcica and the suprasellar region has been described by only 10 reports in the available literature. We describe similar pathology in a 70-year-old woman who presented with dementia and visual disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium revealed a mixed contrast-enhanced lesion(maximum diameter 3. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2021 May 18;180(5):1593-1602. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany.

Hypothalamic obesity caused by childhood-onset craniopharyngioma results in long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Knowledge about clinical markers and risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity is scarce. A cross-sectional study on transthoracic echocardiographic parameters was performed to determine the associations with clinical and anthropometric parameters in 36 craniopharyngioma patients. Read More

Turk J Ophthalmol 2020 10;50(5):317-320

Ulucanlar Ophthalmology Trainig and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey

A 12-year-old boy being followed up for amblyopia presented to our hospital with visual disturbance in the left eye. The patient's best corrected visual acuity on Snellen chart was 1.0 in the right eye and 0. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2020 Nov;70(11):2072-2074

Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Craniopharyngiomas are common but complex paediatric brain lesions that present interesting management challenges. Quality of life is an important consideration while choosing management options. In this review, we have discussed the existing literature on various aspects of quality of life in patients treated for craniopharyngioma, assessed by variety of measurement tools. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Dec;99(50):e23183

Department of Radiology.

Most of the craniopharyngioma is considered to derive from residual epithelial cells during the craniopharyngeal canal degeneration. Meningioma accounting for the primary intracranial neoplasm is considered to be mainly derived from cells of arachnoid granulations. Nevertheless, rare cases show coexistence of craniopharyngioma and meningioma. Read More

Radiother Oncol 2021 03 10;156:80-94. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy. Electronic address:

Background And Purpose: For skull base tumors, target definition is the key to safe high-dose treatments because surrounding normal tissues are very sensitive to radiation. In the present work we established a joint ESTRO ACROP guideline for the target volume definition of skull base tumors.

Material And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed using various combinations of the following medical subjects headings (MeSH) and free-text words: "radiation therapy" or "stereotactic radiosurgery" or "proton therapy" or "particle beam therapy" and "skull base neoplasms" "pituitary neoplasms", "meningioma", "craniopharyngioma", "chordoma", "chondrosarcoma", "acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma", "organs at risk", "gross tumor volume", "clinical tumor volume", "planning tumor volume", "target volume", "target delineation", "dose constraints". Read More

J Int Med Res 2020 Dec;48(12):300060520926371

Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Cavernous malformations are benign vascular malformations. Giant cavernous malformations are very rare. All reported cases have been symptomatic because of the large size and compression of the surrounding brain tissue. Read More

J Neurosurg Pediatr 2020 Dec 4:1-4. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Fusiform dilatation of the internal carotid artery (FDCA) is a known postoperative imaging finding after craniopharyngioma resection. FDCA has also been reported following surgery for other lesions in the suprasellar region in pediatric patients and is thought to be due to trauma to the internal carotid artery (ICA) wall during tumor dissection. Here, the authors report 2 cases of pediatric patients with FDCA. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2020 12;26(6):1495-1522

Purpose Of Review: This article describes the diagnosis and management of meningioma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, and glioneuronal tumors.

Recent Findings: Both meningiomas and pituitary adenomas are common brain tumors. In many cases, these lesions are found incidentally on imaging when patients are being evaluated for a variety of symptoms and signs. Read More

Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021 01 2;200:106347. Epub 2020 Nov 2.

Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China. Electronic address:

Objective: CTNNB1-targeted inhibitor is demonstrated to be an effective neoadjuvant therapy in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) patients and cystic degeneration is a canonical sign of pediatric ACP. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the cystic performances and CTNNB1 mutation (CTNNB1 MUT) status so as to analyze the possible diagnostic criteria of CTNNB1 MUT in pediatric cystic ACP (PCACP).

Methods: Patient's population, clinical characteristics, tissue samples and MRI data were collected and summarized in PCACP patients. Read More

Neurol India 2020 Sep-Oct;68(5):1250-1252

Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021 02 19;163(2):499-509. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632004, India.

Background: The optimal management of pediatric craniopharyngiomas remains controversial. This study aimed to characterize long-term outcomes in a contemporary cohort of children undergoing surgery for craniopharyngiomas.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of 37 consecutive children who underwent surgery for craniopharyngioma with a median follow-up duration of 79 months (range 5-127 months). Read More

World Neurosurg 2021 01 9;145:448-453. Epub 2020 Oct 9.

Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Electronic address:

Background: There is a paucity of information in the literature linking possible neuroendocrinologic repercussions of anterior pituitary insufficiency from tumor-associated mass effect with gender identity in transindividuals. The authors present the case of a 26-year-old transgender woman who was found to have a sellar/suprasellar neoplasm after reporting loss of vision in a bitemporal distribution.

Case Description: Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 2. Read More

Radiol Clin North Am 2020 Nov 17;58(6):1115-1133. Epub 2020 Sep 17.

Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, 619 19th Street South, JT N419, Birmingham, AL 35249-6830, USA.

The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ located within the sella turcica. Various pathologic conditions affect the pituitary gland and produce endocrinologic and neurologic abnormalities. The most common lesion of the pituitary gland is the adenoma, a benign neoplasm. Read More