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Andrology 2018 Sep 19. Epub 2018 Sep 19.

Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.

Background: In male rats, the bulbourethral glands (Bu-Gs) are the unique accessory sexual glands surrounded by striated musculature. However, until now the role of this musculature was unknown.

Objectives: (i) To characterize the Bu-Gs striated muscular layer in male rats and determine its innervation and response to genital stimulation. Read More

Urology 2018 Sep 12;119:e3-e4. Epub 2018 Jun 12.

Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Cowper's gland syringoceles are rare cystic dilations of the Cowper's gland duct. They are typically diagnosed in childhood but occasionally occur in adults. We report the case of a 28-year-old man who presented with a painful perineal and inferior scrotal mass and was found to have a large Cowper's gland syringocele extending into the scrotum associated with a scrotal abscess. Read More

Dev Reprod 2018 Mar 31;22(1):19-27. Epub 2018 Mar 31.

Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.

In the present study, we employed Hershberger assay to determine possible androgenic or antiandrogenic activities of three di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) substitute candidates. The assay was carried out using immature castrated Sprague-Dawley male rats. After 7 days of the surgery, testosterone propionate (TP, 0. Read More

Actas Urol Esp 2018 Jun 2;42(5):351-352. Epub 2018 Mar 2.

Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Alicante, España.

Prog Urol 2018 03 19;28(4):236-238. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

GRC 01, groupe de recherche clinique en neuro-urologie (GREEN), service de neuro-urologie, hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne universités, UPMC université Paris-06, AP-HP, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France.

Dev Reprod 2017 Dec 31;21(4):441-448. Epub 2017 Dec 31.

Dept. of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea.

Bisphenol-A(BPA) is a member of alkylphenol family, and shows adverse effects including reduced fertility, reproductive tract abnormalities, metabolic disorder, cancer induction, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. In the present study, we conducted Hershberger assay to evaluate whether the two candidates to replace BPA have androgenic or antiandrogenic activity. The assay was carried out using immature castrated Sprague-Dawley male rats. Read More

Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2017 ;94(1):17-25

Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College.

The origin of the posterior scrotal nerve is considered to be the bilateral pudendal nerves but the course to the midline is still obscure. Using 5 late-stage human male fetuses, we identified the single nerve through the intramuscular midline septum of the bulbospongiosus and the bilateral nerves along the left and right sides of the septum. Thus, the posterior scrotal nerve showed a variation: a single midline trunk or bilateral nerves. Read More

J Endourol Case Rep 2017 1;3(1):130-133. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Cowper's syringocele is a rare condition, uncommon in the adult population. It is more common in the pediatric population. Patients could be asymptomatic or present with irritative and/or obstructive symptoms. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2017 Nov 26;15:48-49. Epub 2017 Sep 26.

Urology Unit - Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, Catania, Italy.

J Pediatr Urol 2017 Feb 8;13(1):52.e1-52.e5. Epub 2016 Oct 8.

Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Medical University Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Objective And Introduction: Cowper's syringocele is a cystic dilation of the bulbourethral gland duct, initially defined by Maizels et al. in 1983. Although obstructive and non-obstructive types of this rare anomaly are described, clinical symptoms are highly unspecific. Read More

Reprod Domest Anim 2016 Dec 28;51(6):1044-1048. Epub 2016 Aug 28.

Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

The present report describes a case of multicystic degeneration of the Cowper's gland in a 1.3-year-old purebred Large White intact boar with reduced fertility in Switzerland. Based on the case history, a general physical examination, an andrological investigation and a transrectal ultrasonography combined with a subsequent thorough pathological examination including histology a multicystic degeneration of the Cowper's gland were diagnosed. Read More

Hum Pathol 2016 12 20;58:138-144. Epub 2016 Aug 20.

Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the urethra is uncommon with only 9 cases reported in the medical literature; all tumors arose from Cowper's glands. Herein, we report the histological features and immunohistochemical characteristics of 1 patient with primary adenoid cystic carcinoma involving the entire posterior urethra, prostate gland, corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa, urogenital diaphragm, perianal soft tissue, and muscularis propria layer of rectum. We also review other published cases to evaluate the prognosis and treatment. Read More

Afr J Paediatr Surg 2016 Jul-Sep;13(3):152-4

Lyon Teaching Hospital, Lyon, France.

Syringocele or dilatation of the duct of the bulbo-urethral (Cowper's) gland is usually of congenital origin but can be acquired. It is a very rare deformity, <10 cases have been reported in literature. The main objective is to describe an additional case of syringocele of Cowper's glands and review the literature. Read More

J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016 Jul-Sep;4(3):156-161. Epub 2016 Mar 8.

Cell Biology Section, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Civil Lines, Ravindranath Tagore Road, Nagpur Maharashtra State, 440001, India.

The present paper describes the ultrastructural characteristics of the Cowper' glands of the Indian fruit bat, during its sexually inactive-breeding cycle. The functional significance of the secretions of the Cowper's gland in reproduction is discussed. In , Cowper's glands are small, pear-shaped, bilaterally symmetrical and are situated on either side of the base of the penis. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2016 28;2016:3743607. Epub 2016 Mar 28.

Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA.

Cystic dilatation of bulbourethral gland ducts (Cowper's gland syringocele) is a rare abnormality. The condition has been described among pediatric populations, but it is uncommon in adults. It can be asymptomatic or present with obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2015 30;2015:682042. Epub 2015 Aug 30.

Department of Radiology, Farwaniya Hospital, Ministry of Health, 92400 Kuwait, Kuwait.

Cowper's gland syringocele is an uncommon, underdiagnosed cystic dilatation of Cowper's gland ducts showing various radiological patterns. Herein we report a rare case of giant Cowper's gland syringocele in an adult male patient, with description of MRI findings and management outcome. Read More

Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol 2015 Feb;37(1):57-64

The diagnosis of prostate cancer is made based on the architecture of the glandular proliferation and nuclear atypia, but some normal structures (seminal vesicle, Cowper's glands, prostatic central zone) or nonneoplastic proliferative lesions can mimic carcinoma. Of the 3 patterns of prostate cancer--solid, cribriform, and microglandular, the microglandular pattern is the one that imitates carcinoma most frequently on needle biopsy. The demonstration of basal cells can be the best method to identify these prostate cancer mimickers. Read More

PLoS One 2014 10;9(10):e109219. Epub 2014 Oct 10.

Drugs Production Department, Romvac Company, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania.

The impact of exogenic testosterone (T): 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg. Read More

Ugeskr Laeger 2014 Sep;176(36)

Urologisk Afdeling, Regionshospitalet Holstebro, Lægårdvej 12, 7500 Holstebro.

Cowper's syringocele (CS) is a very rare deformity of male urethra causing obstructive voiding symptoms. This case presents a 39-year-old man suffering from classical low urinary tract symptoms for five years, though without nocturia. The work-up showed normal prostate-specific antigen level, benign conditions by digital rectal examination, and normal-sized prostate on ultrasound. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2014 Jul 15;15(7):12480-94. Epub 2014 Jul 15.

College of Animal Science & Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.

Stra8 (Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 8) is considered a meiotic gatekeeper gene. Using reverse transcriptase PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), the complete sequence of the pig Stra8 gene was cloned. Bioinformatics analyses of this sequence were performed. Read More

Urol Ann 2014 Jan;6(1):75-9

Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.

Anterior urethral diverticula are rare in children. Anterior urethral valves and associated diverticulum is the commonly discussed pathological entity in children. There is a lack of awareness among clinicians regarding less common presentations of anterior urethral diverticula in children; which can have a diverse involvement of the urinary tract. Read More

Anat Histol Embryol 2015 Feb 24;44(1):59-65. Epub 2014 Mar 24.

Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria; School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

The present study examines the structure and ultrastructure of the bulbourethral glands in 10 sexually matured male greater cane rats raised in captivity. Following anaesthesia, the rats were perfusion-fixed transcardially and the bulbourethral glands dissected out. Upon morphologic and morphometric analysis, the Cowper's glands were observed to have an average volume of 0. Read More

Case Rep Oncol 2014 Jan 16;7(1):52-7. Epub 2014 Jan 16.

Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, Ariz., USA.

Cancer of Cowper's gland is a very rare cancer. This case represents the 9th case in the medical literature. As such, there are no phase II or phase III trials to guide treatment. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2013 Sep-Oct;39(5):741-6

Department of Urology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubirán, MEXICO.

Main Findings: We report what to our knowledge is the first case of a giant multicystic cystadenoma of the Cowper's glands. An otherwise healthy 41-year-old man presented with acute urinary retention. Physical examination showed a perineal mass. Read More

Ann Pathol 2013 Aug 31;33(4):237-46. Epub 2013 Jul 31.

Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, UMPC Paris VI, Paris, France.

The diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), especially limited adenocarcinoma on needle biopsy, is often challenging. Before making diagnosis of PCa, it is prudent for the pathologist to consider different benign patterns that may lead to a false positive interpretation. Histoanatomic structures such as seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands and paraganglia along with hyperplasia, atrophy with its different patterns and adenosis may generate difficulties in differential diagnosis. Read More

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2012 May;41(3):399-404

National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, China CDC, Beijing 100021, China.

Objective: To study the potential endocrine disrupting effects of bifenthrin (BIF) by using uterotrophic assay and Hershberger assay.

Methods: In uterotrophic assay, 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 rats per group. Rats in bifenthrin-treated groups were given different doses of bifenthrin (1. Read More

Reprod Fertil Dev 2012 ;24(7):999-1007

University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) is the cause of the rapid decline of wild Tasmanian devils. Female devils are seasonal breeders with births peaking during autumn (i.e. Read More

Hinyokika Kiyo 2012 Jul;58(7):355-9

The Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center.

We present an adult case of Cowper's syringocele. A 19-year-old male presented with the chief complaint of persistent post-voiding dribbling 5 months after onset. Urethroscopy demonstrated a thin membrane with a small orifice on the ventral aspect distal to the external sphincter. Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2012 Jul;17(3):126-7

Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Surgery, Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences (MIMS), Calicut, Kerala, India.

Urethral syringoceles are cystic dilatations of paired bulbourethral glands of Cowper. They can cause voiding dysfunction in male children and usually occur in isolation. We report a rare association of Cowper's syringocele with posterior urethral valves in a 4-year-old child, which was successfully managed endoscopically. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2012 Oct 22;74(10):1253-9. Epub 2012 May 22.

Department of Animal Pathology, Prophylaxis and Food Hygiene, University of Pisa, Via delle Piagge 2a, Pisa, Italy.

A gross pathology and histological investigation was carried out on bovine target organs of anabolic substances in the Molise Region (Italy). One hundred forty-four bovines (12-24 months old, 123 males and 21 females) were included in the survey. An antemortem assessment of their behavior and clinical examination were performed. Read More

Biochemistry 2011 Nov 13;50(44):9475-87. Epub 2011 Oct 13.

Department of Cancer Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States.

While glycosyltransferases are known to display unidirectional enzymatic activity, recent studies suggest that some can also catalyze readily reversible reactions. Recently, we found that mammalian sialyltransferase ST3Gal-II can catalyze the formation of CMP-NeuAc from 5'-CMP in the presence of a donor containing the NeuAcα2,3Galβ1,3GalNAc unit [Chandrasekaran, E. V. Read More

Cell Tissue Res 2011 May 8;344(2):341-53. Epub 2011 Mar 8.

Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, vvi, Prague, Czech Republic.

Beta-microseminoprotein (MSP) is a predominant protein of human seminal plasma and originates from prostate secretions. MSP from boar seminal plasma has been sequenced and shows only 50%-52% homology with that of human. Porcine MSP is synthesized by the post-natal prostate gland and is identical with the sperm motility inhibitor. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2010 Nov;45(11):2254-5

Department of Surgery and Transplantation Centre, Pediatric Surgery, Palidoro, Via Torre di Palidoro, 00050 Palidoro, Rome, Italy.

The finding of a urinoma in the fetal and neonatal period is almost always related to an obstruction distal to the collection itself. Syringocele is a congenital or acquired dilation of a bulbourethral Cowper's gland. An exceedingly rare case of neonatal anterior urethral obstruction caused by a syringocele and manifesting itself with a dramatic clinical onset is presented. Read More

J Toxicol Environ Health A 2010 ;73(21-22):1544-59

Health Effects Analysis Team, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, South Korea.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) administration on male reproductive organ development in F1 Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure. During gestation days (GD) 10-19, pregnant rats were administered daily, orally, DBP at 250, 500, or 700 mg/kg or flutamide (1, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg/d) as a positive control. Read More

Biol Trace Elem Res 2011 Jun 5;141(1-3):91-5. Epub 2010 Jun 5.

Department of Physiology, Government Medical Collage, Surat, India.

Recently, technological advancement helped to improve our knowledge on trace elements in human male reproductive organs and its secretion, semen. In this study, employing energy dispersive x-ray analysis facilities on electron microscope, presence of different elements in human male reproductive organs--testis, epididymis, caput, corpus and cauda, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland and vas deferens-seminal plasma and spermatozoa pellet was studied. Several elements were observed. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2010 Jan-Feb;36(1):3-9

Department of Urology, SUNY at Stony Brook Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8093, USA.

Cowper's syringocele is a rare but an under-diagnosed cystic dilation of the Cowper's ducts and is increasingly being recognized in the adult population. Recent literature suggests that syringoceles be classified based on the configuration of the duct's orifice to the urethra, either open or closed, as this also allows the clinical presentations of 2 syringoceles to be divided, albeit with some overlap. Usually post-void dribbling, hematuria, or urethral discharge indicates open syringocele, while obstructive symptoms are associated with closed syringoceles. Read More

Cell Tissue Res 2009 Nov 8;338(2):303-11. Epub 2009 Oct 8.

Laboratory of Diagnostics for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.

Proteinases and proteinase inhibitors play key roles in almost all physiological processes. Proteinase inhibitors are present in all tissues and body fluids. They interfere with the activity of proteinases and thus maintain homeostasis. Read More

Int J Urol 2009 Sep;16(9):771

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2009 Sep 7;73(9):2018-21. Epub 2009 Sep 7.

Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.

To examine the endocrine disruptive effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol; PNMC) in diesel exhaust particles (DEP), the rat Hershberger assay was carried out using castrated immature rats. Castrated 28-d-old immature male rats were implanted with a 5-mm-long silastic tube containing crystalline testosterone and injected with PNMC subcutaneously at doses 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg for 5 consecutive d. The weights of the livers significantly decreased in the 10 and 100 mg/kg PNMC treatment groups as compared with the control group. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2009 Jul 11;25(7):613-6. Epub 2009 Jun 11.

Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.

Introduction: Anterior urethral valves (AUVs) are uncommon congenital anomalies causing urethral obstruction in boys.

Patients And Methods: Medical records of 13 children were reviewed retrospectively. Each patient (pt) was evaluated with voiding cysto-urethrogram (VCUG) and renal ultrasonography. Read More

Toxicology 2009 Aug 23;262(2):114-20. Epub 2009 May 23.

Bayer Schering Pharma AG, GDD-GED General Toxicology, Aprather Weg 18, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany.

Under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) the Hershberger assay on juvenile intact male rats is being validated as a screen for compounds with anti-androgenic potential. We participated in the testing of coded chemicals. Compounds included the positive control flutamide (FLUT, 3 mg/kg), linuron (LIN, 10, 100 mg/kg), p,p'-DDE (16, 160 mg/kg), and two negative substances, 4-nonylphenol (NP, 160 mg/kg) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP, 10 mg/kg). Read More

Asian J Androl 2009 Jul 18;11(4):484-91. Epub 2009 May 18.

Systems Biology Division, Zhejiang-California Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI) Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.

Asthenozoospermia (AS) is a common cause of human male infertility. In one study, more than 80% of the samples from infertile men had reduced sperm motility. Seminal plasma is a mixture of secretions from the testis, epididymis and several male accessory glands, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and Cowper's gland. Read More

J Reprod Dev 2009 Oct 15;55(5):461-6. Epub 2009 May 15.

Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Eulji University, Kyonggido 461-713, Korea.

To examine the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on male pubertal development and thyroid function, juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats were given DES daily by oral intubation at doses of 10, 20 and 40 microg/kg/day from postnatal day 33 for 20 days. Prepuce separation was significantly delayed at the dose of 20 microg/kg/day and above in the DES-treated rats. DES treatment induced a significant reduction in the weights of testes, epididymides, the ventral prostate, seminal vesicles plus coagulating glands and fluid, levator ani bulbocavernosus muscles, Cowper's glands and the glans penis. Read More

J Anat 2009 Jan;214(1):179-82

Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Italy.

Salivary mucins MG1 and MG2 have been found in the oral cavity where they perform several functions such as the formation of the mucous layer covering the oral mucosa and teeth. Recent studies have demonstrated their presence in other organs and tissues. The aim of this study was to determine their expression in human bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands. Read More

Reprod Toxicol 2008 Aug 15;25(4):491-6. Epub 2008 May 15.

Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China.

Herein we describe in vivo and in vitro assays to investigate the suspected antiandrogenic activity of two pyrethroids, cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin. A stably transfected, androgen-responsive cell line, MDA-kb2, was used to determine the androgen receptor (AR) antagonistic effects of cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin in vitro, and the Hershberger assay was utilized to detect the antiandrogenic potential of the two pyrethroids in vivo. Moreover, we also compared the antiandrogenic activities of cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin to four structurally related pyrethoids: permethrin, cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin and bifenthrin. Read More

Urology 2009 Mar 4;73(3):681.e11-3. Epub 2008 Jun 4.

Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Mount Carmel Health System, Columbus, Ohio 43222, USA.

A Cowper's duct cyst is a rare entity that occurs most commonly in young men. The current urologic literature supports management with a transurethral unroofing procedure. For patients who present with persistent symptoms associated with a Cowper's syringocele status post-transurethral unroofing, transperineal ligation of the Cowper's duct may be of value in alleviating the symptoms. Read More

Virchows Arch 2008 Jan 8;452(1):109-11. Epub 2007 Dec 8.

Department of Pathology, Petrov's Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

We present an extremely rare case of a benign cystic ovarian teratoma with structures of male accessory sexual glands. The patient was a 30-year-old woman. A unilocular cystic tumor, measuring 5 cm in the largest diameter, was found in her right ovary and was removed. Read More

J Reprod Immunol 2008 Jun 26;78(1):40-8. Epub 2007 Nov 26.

Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.

Spermadhesins are proteins containing a characteristic CUB domain, originally isolated from seminal plasma and ejaculated spermatozoa in domestic animals. Boar spermadhesins are multifunctional proteins exhibiting ligand-binding abilities with various endogenous ligands present in the male and female reproductive tracts and may play a role in the reproduction process. Porcine spermadhesins (AQN, AWN, PSP protein families) are secreted mainly by the seminal vesicles, but their mRNAs have been found also in the cauda epididymis and prostate. Read More

Prog Urol 2007 Sep;17(5):1003-4

Urology department, CHUV Lausanne, Suisse.

Syringocele is a poorly known and rarely diagnosed disease due to congenital or acquired dilatation of Cowper's glands that can cause urinary disorders in men. The authors report a clinical case of syringocele and review its aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. Read More

Toxicology 2007 Sep 30;239(1-2):77-88. Epub 2007 Jun 30.

Bayer HealthCare AG, Pharmaceuticals, GDD Toxicology, D-42096, Wuppertal, Germany.

Under the auspices of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) the Hershberger assay is being validated as an in vivo screen for compounds with (anti)androgenic potential. We participated in the final activity, the testing of coded chemicals. Test compounds included trenbolone (TREN; 1. Read More