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Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021 Jun 1. Epub 2021 Jun 1.

Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.

The present investigation was prepared to describe the accessory sex glands of the Barki bucks grossly and by light microscopy. There are four sex glands: ampullary, vesicular, prostate, and bulbourethral. The ampullary gland is an enlargement of the terminal part of the ductus deferens, its glandular part has branched tubuloalveolar glands, and its secretory alveoli lined with a pseudo-stratified epithelium composed of cuboidal to columnar cells. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Sep 3;38:101675. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA.

Multiparametric MRI and targeted biopsies of the prostate have been increasingly utilized in men with elevated PSA. It is important to recognize potential mimics of prostate cancer on MRI and on biopsy specimens. Familiarity with the location, imaging and histological appearance of Cowper's glands will prevent misdiagnosis and help avoid unnecessary biopsies. Read More

Andrologia 2020 Jul 20;52(6):e13601. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.

This study was aimed at determining the effects of corn and wheat gluten, used as dietary protein sources, on live weight gain, sperm quality and the histology of the testes and accessory glands in male rats. For this purpose, 20-day-old 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Group 1 (Control), Group 2 and Group 3 were fed on a basal ration supplemented with high levels of soybean meal, corn gluten and wheat gluten, respectively, as a protein source. Read More

Anim Reprod Sci 2020 Jan 16;212:106235. Epub 2019 Nov 16.

Faculdade De Ciências Agrárias E Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via De Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Cep 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:

Ultrasonography can provide information about the integrity of organs; however, rarely is applied to the reproductive organ evaluation of bulls. The objective of the present study was to characterize and compare values for variables and ultrasonographic characteristics of the testes, epididymis and accessory sex glands, as well as spectral Doppler indices of the testicular and internal iliac arteries, between peri- and post-pubertal Nelore and Caracu bulls. Nelore (n = 203) and Caracu (n = 79) bulls were assigned by age class: peri-pubertal (12-15 months) and post-pubertal (> 22 months). Read More

J Vet Res 2019 Jun 12;63(2):251-257. Epub 2019 Jun 12.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland.

Introduction: The aim of this research was to provide a detailed description of the morphology, topography, and histometry of rabbit accessory genital glands.

Material And Methods: Seven male New Zealand White rabbits, 3-4 months of age and weighing 2.1-3 kg were used for the study. Read More

Theriogenology 2019 Mar 10;126:206-213. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

β-Nerve Growth Factor (β-NGF) is a neurotrophin which acts through its receptors TrkA and p75, performing important actions in male reproductive physiology and its presence in seminal plasma (SP) has been related to male fertility. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the gene expression profile and the immunolocalization of β-NGF and its high-affinity receptor TrkA in sex organs in rabbits during sexual maturation period. β-NGF concentration for both SP and blood plasma (BP) and BP testosterone levels were determined as well as the seminal parameters during such period. Read More

Basic Clin Androl 2018 4;28. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

1Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R Embau, 231, Sao Paulo, SP 04039-060 Brazil.

Seminal plasma is a complex fluid comprised of secretions from the seminal vesicles, the prostate, bulbourethral glands and from the seminiferous tubule lumen / epididymides / . While it has been established that seminal plasma serves not only as a medium to carry, protect, and nourish sperm after ejaculation up to fertilization, but also as a functional modulator of sperm function, there is still a need to properly characterize the molecular make-up of seminal plasma in fertile men, and to understand how this is altered in different causes of male infertility. The main purpose of this manuscript was to review articles that studied the human seminal plasma proteome, ranging from characterizing a fertile seminal plasma proteomic map to studies comparing seminal plasma from fertile and infertile men, and comparing seminal plasma of fertile or normozoospermic men to a diverse range of biological causes for male infertility. Read More

J Morphol 2018 02 21;279(2):228-241. Epub 2017 Oct 21.

Center of Biological and Health Science, UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil.

Bats are distributed worldwide from tropical to temperate regions. Despite their wide geographical radiation and advances in studies using evolutionary approaches, aspects related to the reproduction of these animals remain poorly explored, especially those related to the male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs). Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the morphophysiology of the male RAGs in the bat Artibeus lituratus. Read More

Anim Reprod Sci 2017 Sep 23;184:29-35. Epub 2017 Jun 23.

Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14.884-900, Brazil. Electronic address:

The aim of the present study was to determine and compare ultrasonographic characteristics of accessory sex glands and spectral Doppler indices of the internal iliac arteries in peri- and post-pubertal rams raised in a subtropical climate. Forty-five Dorper rams were examined (24 rams aged 8-11 months and 21 rams aged 12-24 months). Digital images of all accessory sex glands were subjected to morphometric and echotextural analyses, the latter using commercially available image analytical software Image ProPlus. Read More

Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2018 27;77(1):36-43. Epub 2017 Jun 27.

Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Hedgehogs are small spiny-coated insectivores. Due to their low body weight, calm character, and easy maintenance, they are kept as pets. It is therefore worthwhile to care about hedgehogs' health problems and to provide pet owners with information about their reproduction. Read More

Reproduction 2017 09 13;154(3):237-243. Epub 2017 Jun 13.

Department of Medicine and AnimalSurgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.

The paraoxonase type 1 (PON1) is an enzyme with antioxidant properties recently identified in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species, including the porcine. The aims of the present study were to (1) describe the immunohistochemical localisation of PON1 in the genital organs of fertile boars and (2) evaluate the relationship among PON1 activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration in fluids of the boar genital organs. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PON1 was present in testis (specifically in Leydig cells, blood vessels, spermatogonia and elongated spermatids), epididymis (specifically in the cytoplasm of the principal epithelial cells, luminal secretion and in the surrounding smooth muscle) and the lining epithelia of the accessory sexual glands (cytoplasmic location in the prostate and membranous in the seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands). Read More

Mol Reprod Dev 2017 Jul 16;84(7):576-584. Epub 2017 May 16.

INSIBIO (Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.

The oviductal sperm reservoir of South American camelids is formed when sperm bind to N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) on the surface of oviductal epithelium. The aim of this study was to characterize the GalNAc-binding proteins on llama sperm, and to establish their origin. Sperm-adsorbed proteins were extracted with 0. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2017 Jan;29(1):35-40

Histopathology Department (Zanardello, Vascellari), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.

We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of progesterone receptors (PRs) in the prostate and bulbourethral glands of thirty-two 10-14-mo-old Charolais bulls following treatment with a low dosage of estrogens. Animals were divided into 2 groups: 16 animals (group T) were treated for 71 d with a therapeutic dose of trenbolone acetate and estradiol by subcutaneous implant, 16 animals (group C) received no treatment. Urine samples were collected both at the beginning of the trial and 9 times during the study. Read More

J Morphol 2016 11 1;277(11):1459-1468. Epub 2016 Aug 1.

Department of Biology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.

In eutherian mammals, the male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) comprise the prostate, bulbourethral glands, ampullary glands, and the seminal vesicles. Their composition, anatomy and function vary widely between species. This study aimed to characterize histologically and compare the RAGs of bats. Read More

Acta Histochem 2016 Jul 15;118(6):640-651. Epub 2016 Jul 15.

Department of Biology, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.

The male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) are important organs that contribute to the secretion of different substances that composed the ejaculate. Despite this important function, their composition, anatomy and function vary widely between species. Thus, the RAGs of three species of phyllostomid bats were morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized and compared in this study. Read More

Vet World 2016 Apr 6;9(4):346-50. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Department of Livestock Products Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar - 125 004, Haryana, India.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to study growth pattern of accessory sex glands in prepubertal kids from 2 weeks to 6 months of age using two-dimensional ultrasonography.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on six Beetal kids. The scanning of accessory sex glands was done in standing position using rectal probe and measurements were recorded. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2015 Jun 8;63(23):5702-6. Epub 2015 Jun 8.

Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.

It has been previously demonstrated that sex steroid hormone treatment down-regulates regucalcin gene expression in the accessory sex glands and testis of prepubertal and adult male bovines. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low doses of sex steroid hormones combined with other drugs significantly affect regucalcin gene expression in the accessory sex glands and testis of veal calves. The regucalcin expression was down-regulated in the bulbo-urethral glands of estrogen-treated calves, whereas it was up-regulated in the prostate of estrogen-treated calves. Read More

Reprod Fertil Dev 2014 Oct;26(8):1188-97

Department of Biology, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jd. Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo 15054-000, Brazil.

Chiroptera are one of the most diverse orders of mammals and a unique group within Mammalia that posses a wide geographic distribution and considerable variability in reproductive strategies. The aims of the present study were to characterise the male prostatic complex of the bat Myotis nigricans (Vespertilionidae) and evaluate seasonal variations in the prostatic complex of M. nigricans specifically. Read More

Ann Pathol 2013 Aug 31;33(4):237-46. Epub 2013 Jul 31.

Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital La Pitié-Salpêtrière, UMPC Paris VI, Paris, France.

The diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), especially limited adenocarcinoma on needle biopsy, is often challenging. Before making diagnosis of PCa, it is prudent for the pathologist to consider different benign patterns that may lead to a false positive interpretation. Histoanatomic structures such as seminal vesicles, Cowper's glands and paraganglia along with hyperplasia, atrophy with its different patterns and adenosis may generate difficulties in differential diagnosis. Read More

Pathologe 2013 Sep;34(5):429-35

Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Strempelstrasse 14, Rostock, Germany.

Non-neoplastic changes in the prostatic gland include inflammatory, atrophic, hyperplastic and metaplastic reaction patterns of the glandular epithelium and the fibromuscular stroma. Furthermore, histoanatomical structures from outside the prostatic gland are sometimes included in biopsy material. Knowledge of the morphological appearance of benign, reactive lesions is important in order to differentiate them from malignancies. Read More

Theriogenology 2013 Apr 5;79(7):1054-64. Epub 2013 Mar 5.

Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.

The anatomy and histology of the reproduction organs of the male Babirusa (Babyrousa celebensis) were studied in 21 specimens collected between birth and approximately 17 years of age. In adult animals the testes were located in a subanal position against the caudal surface of the thigh musculature. Average adult testis length was 68. Read More

Microsc Res Tech 2013 Apr 30;76(4):388-97. Epub 2013 Jan 30.

Morphology Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine College, UNIFEOB, São João da Boa Vista, Brazil.

This study aims to describe the morphology of Didelphis sp. male genital organs (penis, testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, prostate, and bulbourethral gland). Ten male animals were used, eight for macroscopic and light microscopy analysis, and two for scanning electron microscopy. Read More

Reprod Fertil Dev 2013 ;25(3):558-69

Univ. Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Departamento de Biologia. Rua Cristóvão Colombo no 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Chiroptera, the second largest mammalian order, presents different reproductive strategies and unique reproductive features. However, there are few reports regarding male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) in Chiroptera. Thus, the aim of the present study was to characterise the RAGs of the exclusively neotropical bat Artibeus planirostris (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) macroscopically, microscopically and ultrastructurally. Read More

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012 1;29(5):727-35. Epub 2012 Feb 1.

RIKILT Institute for Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.

The effect of 17β-19-nortestosterone (17βNT) treatment of barrows on residue levels and growth was evaluated. Five barrows were treated three times during the fattening period with 17βNT phenylpropionate (Nandrosol, nandrolone phenylpropionate 50 mg/ml,1 mg/kg body weight). Another five barrows were untreated and five boars (untreated) were kept as positive control. Read More

Reprod Fertil Dev 2012 ;24(2):362-9

Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

The viscous nature of alpaca semen limits its use in cryopreservation and other assisted reproductive technologies. The cause and source of this viscosity is unknown although it has been postulated, but never proven, that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) secreted by the bulbourethral gland are responsible. The present study investigated the concentration and composition of GAGs in alpaca seminal plasma, testes, bulbourethral gland and prostate gland and compared them to those in the ram to determine the relationship between seminal plasma GAGs and viscosity and to identify the source of seminal plasma GAGs. Read More

Theriogenology 2012 Jan 4;77(2):459-65. Epub 2011 Nov 4.

Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

The aim of the present study was to characterize the dynamic changes of the testes and the pelvic genitalia in vivo in male dromedary. Eighty-one clinically healthy male dromedaries aged 1.5 to 12 years were assigned for the present study. Read More

Prostate 2012 Feb 10;72(3):326-37. Epub 2011 Jun 10.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

Background: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells are frequently present in the human prostate and urethra, whereas they are lacking in the other urogenital organs. This study was undertaken as there are only few detailed studies available on the distribution, form and function of NE cells and the structure of excretory ducts of the accessory sex organs in the male rat.

Methods: Systematic gross anatomical dissections were combined with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies of the excretory ducts of the urogenital glands in male rats, with particular focus on the distribution and ultrastructure of the NE cells. Read More