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Eur J Med Chem 2019 Feb 2;167:312-323. Epub 2019 Feb 2.

Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC; School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address:

Morphine is widely used for the treatment of severe pain. This analgesic effect is mediated principally by the activation of μ-opioid receptors (MOR). However, prolonged activation of MOR also results in tolerance, dependence, addiction, constipation, nausea, sedation, and respiratory depression. Read More

J Pain Symptom Manage 2019 Feb 15. Epub 2019 Feb 15.

Department of Oncology, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Laboratory of Methodology for Clinical Research, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.

Context: Opioids are frequently used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain and their use may produce a number of unwanted adverse events (AEs).

Objectives: To understand the burden of opioid-induced AEs in cancer patients with pain after the introduction of strong opioids (WHO step III).

Methods: This is a cohort study derived from a randomized controlled trial involving 498 cancer patients with pain who received strong opioids. Read More

Adv Biomed Res 2019 21;8. Epub 2019 Jan 21.

Modern Epidemiology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Assessing the relation between dietary habits and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) is less investigated among military personnel. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of certain eating patterns and FGIDs in Iranian army men.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 600 army personnel working in Kerman ground forces military station number 05, Iran. Read More

J Pediatr Genet 2019 Mar 31;8(1):27-32. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States.

The patient is a term 6-month-old male, who presented with failure to thrive since birth. History was remarkable for suspected milk and soy protein allergy, gastroesophageal reflux, constipation, and abdominal distension that was present since birth. He was losing weight despite oral intake of over 100 kcal/kg per day. Read More

Transl Neurodegener 2019 6;8. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

1Bio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Background: Gastrointestinal dysfunction can affect Parkinson's disease (PD) patients long before the onset of motor symptoms. However, little is known about the relationship between gastrointestinal abnormalities and the development of PD. Contrary to other animal models, the human A53T alpha-synuclein (αS) transgenic mice, Line G2-3, develops αS-driven neurological and motor impairments after 9 months of age, displaying a long presymptomatic phase free of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Read More

Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2019 22;12:31-36. Epub 2019 Jan 22.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,

Constipation is a multifactorial disorder that can cause significant psychological distress to patients and economic burden on the health care system. Many patients are not satisfied with their current established treatment, highlighting the need for new and improved therapeutic options. Guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate agonists have emerged as a safe and efficacious class of drugs for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). Read More

J Eval Clin Pract 2019 Feb 17. Epub 2019 Feb 17.

School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Background: An association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and digestive diseases (DDs) has been reported; however, studies have only focused on the prevalence of DDs in populations of patients with AR. In individuals with specific DDs, the impact of AR on the frequency of clinical visits for each DD has not been studied. Moreover, the association between topical steroid usage for AR and DDs has not been investigated. Read More

Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018 Dec 23. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

Research Laboratory for Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Japan.

Naldemedine tosylate, a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist, is indicated for treatment of opioid induced constipation in both Japan and US. Naldemedine has limited ability to affect the central analgesic effect of opioid analgesics. In this study, we investigated the contribution of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the brain distribution of naldemedine. Read More

Fed Pract 2018 Jun;35(6):44-46

is a Staff Hospitalist at George E. Wahlen VAMC. is a Gastroenterology Fellow at the University of Utah School of Medicine, and Dr. Cowan is an Assistant Professor at the University of Utah Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, both in Salt Lake City.

This case reinforces the need to consider infectious disease as a possible cause of constipation for a patient on opioids. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2019 Jan;46(1):148-150

Dept. of Surgery, Toda Chuo General Hospital.

A 61-year-old man with a diagnosis of rectal cancer underwent assisted laparoscopic rectal amputation. Recurrence occurred, and treatment with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab was initiated at our department. After 12 treatment courses, he developed abdominal pain at home. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(7):e14542

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis (NMA) to quantify and rank the efficacy and safety of the pharmacologic interventions for prophylactic use for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing thyroidectomies.

Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar, beginning from their inceptions to February 2019. Only randomized clinical trials on the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic interventions for prophylactic use in patients undergoing thyroidectomies will be included. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Feb;98(7):e14513

Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.

Background: Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota disorders potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can be partly reflected by fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generated from gut microbiota. Previous studies on SCFA alterations in patients with IBS have yielded conflicting results. No prior systematic review has been conducted on the alterations in fecal SCFAs in IBS patients. Read More

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.

Constipation is associated with cardiovascular events. Changes to the intestinal microbiota by constipation can induce atherosclerosis, blood pressure rise, and cardiovascular events. Constipation increases with age and often coexists with cardiovascular risk factors. Read More

Ann Neurol 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR, China.

Background: To determine the familial aggregation of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), neurodegenerative diseases, and related biomarkers.

Methods: A total of 404 and 387 first-degree relatives of 102 patients with iRBD and 89 controls were recruited, respectively. Among them, 204 and 208 relatives of patients and controls underwent face-to-face clinical assessment, while 97 and 75 relatives underwent further video-polysomnographic assessment, respectively. Read More

Am Surg 2019 Jan;85(1):92-97

With rates up to 50 per cent, unanticipated returns after anorectal surgery remain a major issue. A retrospective analysis was performed on 5929 anorectal operations from January 2011 to December 2015 across 14 Kaiser Permanente Southern California medical centers. Data were gathered on the cause, frequency and timing of unplanned returns to the ED and urgent care. Read More

CNS Drugs 2019 Feb 13. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Level 2 Mental Health, Woolloongabba Community Health Centre, 228 Logan Rd, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Background: Clozapine is the most effective medication for treatment-refractory schizophrenia. However, it has a high burden of adverse events, including common adverse events such as sialorrhea. Sialorrhea can lead to severe physical complications such as aspiration pneumonia, as well as psychological complications including embarrassment and low self-esteem. Read More

Arq Bras Cir Dig 2019 Feb 7;32(1):e1421. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Biostatistics, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Khouzestan, Iran.

Background: Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder that causes functional obstruction of large bowel.

Aim: To evaluate complication and bowel function score of children with Hirschsprung's disease who underwent transabdominal Soave's procedure.

Methods: In this study all the children with Hirschsprung's disease who underwent transabdominal Soave procedure were evaluated regarding bowel function and complication of trans-abdominal Soave's procedure. Read More

West J Nurs Res 2019 Feb 12:193945918825374. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

3 Asociacion Cientifica de Estudiantes de Medicina, Universidad Catolica de Honduras, SPSP, Honduras.

Evidence-based interventions often need to be adapted to maximize their implementation potential in low-to middle-income countries. A single-arm feasibility study was conducted to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-delivered, nurse-led, symptom management intervention for adults undergoing chemotherapy in Honduras. Over the course of 6 months, nurses engaged 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy in the intervention. Read More

Am Surg 2018 Oct;84(10):1613-1616

Kaiser Permanente, Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Although inguinal herniorrhaphy is low risk, patients still return to the urgent care or ED. We performed a retrospective study on 19,296 inguinal hernia operations across 14 Southern California Kaiser Permanente medical centers over five years. Unplanned returns within the first postoperative week were evaluated focusing on four potentially avoidable diagnoses (AD): pain, constipation, urinary retention, and nausea/vomiting. Read More

Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2019 Feb 12:1-7. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

1 Michigan Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 734-647-9727 (fax).

Objectives: We sought to investigate associations between vitamin D levels and bowel and bladder disorders in women with vulvar diseases.

Methods: This is a planned sub-analysis of a cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of bowel and bladder symptoms in women with biopsy-proven vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) to a control group of women with non-lichenoid vulvar diseases. All subjects were recruited from a tertiary referral vulvar care clinic in a university-based practice. Read More

Hormones (Athens) 2019 Feb 12. Epub 2019 Feb 12.

Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.

Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) gene mutation is a thyroid hormone resistance syndrome characterized by near-normal thyroid function tests and tissue-specific hypothyroidism. In this case study, we report a novel de novo p.G291S heterozygous mutation in the THRA gene was detected at mutation analysis. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2019 Jan 9;6(1):46-50. Epub 2018 Nov 9.

Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center Toho University Sakura Japan.

Objectives: Neuroimaging markers for Parkinson's disease (PD)/dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) include dopamine transporter (DAT) scanning and metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy. It is unknown which marker is useful to identify the premotor phase PD/DLB. We reported four patients who, during a negative DAT scan period, had a positive MIBG result that suggested premotor PD/DLB. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018 Mar-Apr;5(2):218-220. Epub 2018 Jan 28.

Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.

Lancet Oncol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Oncology, Phase 1 Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Tisotumab vedotin is a first-in-human antibody-drug conjugate directed against tissue factor, which is expressed across multiple solid tumour types and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to establish the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic profile, and antitumour activity of tisotumab vedotin in a mixed population of patients with locally advanced or metastatic (or both) solid tumours known to express tissue factor.

Methods: InnovaTV 201 is a phase 1-2, open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study done at 21 centres in the USA and Europe. Read More

Aust Crit Care 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Intensive Care Service, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia. Electronic address:

Background: Management of gut function in the intensive care unit (ICU) is often protocol-driven. Protocols for enteral feeding or bowel management are based on assumptions about what is 'normal' gastrointestinal motility during critical illness or in the early postoperative period, although 'normal' has not been well described in this group.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe aspects of gut function based on an audit of current ICU patients. Read More

PLoS One 2019 11;14(2):e0211685. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Intergenerational Health Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Background: Migrant women of non-English speaking background make up an increasing proportion of women giving birth in high income countries, such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of common physical and psychosocial health problems during pregnancy and up to 18 months postpartum among migrant women of non-English speaking background compared to Australian-born women.

Methods: Prospective pregnancy cohort study of 1507 nulliparous women. Read More

Nutr Clin Pract 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

The home enteral nutrition (HEN) population is a medically diverse group whose number has increased substantially in recent decades. Although medically stable compared with acute care patients requiring nutrition support, HEN population needs are unique and require a team approach to manage nutrition. Frequently encountered issues by the HEN team include mechanical issues of the tube site, gastrointestinal and metabolic problems, and patient preferences regarding tube weaning, formula selection, and compliance. Read More

Clin Auton Res 2019 Feb 11. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura, Japan.

Purpose: To investigate gastrointestinal function in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease.

Methods: We examined gastric emptying and colonic transit time in 19 dementia with Lewy bodies and 46 Parkinson disease patients.

Results: Gastric emptying was longer in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease (p = 0. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019 Feb 10. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.

Background: Biomarkers in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may guide targeted therapy in this multifactorial disease. It has been suggested that 75% accuracy and cost <$500 categorise biomarkers as cost-effective.

Aim: To identify differences in faecal bile acids, faecal fat and fasting serum C4 (7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) among patients with IBS-D, IBS-C and healthy controls and to determine accurate, cost-effective biomarkers for clinically relevant diarrhoea and constipation. Read More

Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019 Feb;27(1):96-103

Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.E-mail:

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) on patients with multiple myeloma(MM) during maintenance therapy and to explore the related factors important for QOL.

Methods: The demography, clinical and laboratorial data of 66 MM patients during maintenance therapy were collected and explored by using a cross-sectional question naire(EORTC QLQ C30 V 3.0). Read More

Ann Ital Chir 2019 Jan 31;8. Epub 2019 Jan 31.

Background: Primary colic lymphoma represents a rare disease accounting for the 0.2%-0.6% of all large-bowel malignancies. Read More

BMC Geriatr 2019 Feb 8;19(1):38. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.

Background: Constipation is a common condition among older people, particularly among people living in nursing homes, and the use of drugs such as opioids is one of many factors that contribute to its high prevalence. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of constipation and the use of laxatives between 2007 and 2013, to analyze constipation and laxative use among people who are prescribed opioids, and to identify factors associated with constipation.

Methods: In 2007 and 2013, two surveys were performed in the county of Västerbotten in Northern Sweden, comprising all those living in nursing homes. Read More

Acta Oncol 2019 Feb 8:1-10. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

a Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.

Background: Previous research suggests an age differential in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among long-term (5-10 years post-diagnosis, LTS) colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Few studies have specifically addressed the association of age differentials with HRQOL for very long-term CRC survivors (>10 years post-diagnosis, VLTS) and non-cancer population controls. We aimed to assess possible deficits in HRQOL of disease-free CRC-LTS and CRC-VLTS in comparison with non-cancer population controls, and whether the observed pattern varies by age and time since diagnosis. Read More

Mov Disord 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

University College London Department of Primary Care & Population Health, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically preceded by nonspecific presentations in primary care.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model for diagnosis of PD based on presentations in primary care.

Setting: The settings were general practices providing data for The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database. Read More

J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2019 Feb 8:1-8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Objective: To examine the laxative prescriptions in hospital inpatients with cancer and non-cancer pain on oxycodone compared to oxycodone plus naloxone combination.

Design: Retrospective case note review.

Setting: A palliative care inpatient unit and a general medical ward in a large tertiary referral hospital. Read More

Cancer Med 2019 Feb 8. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of Ministry of Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Objective: To examine the association between smoking status and quality of life (QOL) among cancer survivors in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 2725 male cancer survivors who were members of Cancer Rehabilitation Club and completed the questionnaires in 2013. Using linear regression models adjusted for confounders, we measured the association between QOL and former smokers as well as current (occasional, <10 cigarettes/day, and ≥ 10 cigarettes/day) smokers compared with never smokers. Read More

Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019 Feb 8:e13000. Epub 2019 Feb 8.

Cancer Survival Group, Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Objectives: To identify opportunities for reducing emergency colon cancer diagnoses, we evaluated symptoms and benign diagnoses recorded before emergency presentations (EP).

Methods: Cohort of 5,745 colon cancers diagnosed in England 2005-2010, with individually linked cancer registry and primary care data for the 5-year pre-diagnostic period.

Results: Colon cancer was diagnosed following EP in 34% of women and 30% of men. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2019 13;2019:7491281. Epub 2019 Jan 13.

Department of Acupuncture, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Background: Acupuncture has been found to be effective for treating chronic constipation.

Objective: The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in the subgroup of women with chronic severe functional constipation.

Methods: This is a subgroup analysis of the multicenter, randomized, sham-acupuncture (SA) controlled trial. Read More

Inflamm Intest Dis 2018 Dec 28;3(2):55-60. Epub 2018 Jun 28.

Gastroenterology Service, ASL BAT, Andria, Italy.

Background: Diverticulosis of the colon is the most common anatomic alteration of the human colon, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms of its occurrence are not completely understood.

Summary: Constipation has been considered the key factor for diverticulosis occurrence. However, several fine papers questioned this pathogenetic hypothesis, showing on the contrary an inverse relationship between low number of bowel movements and diverticulosis occurrence. Read More

Haematologica 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Department of Hematology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.

Fecal microbiota transplantation is an effective treatment in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Promising results to eradicate multidrug-resistant bacteria have also been reported with this procedure, but there are safety concerns in immunocompromised patients. We report results in 10 adult patients colonized with multidrug-resistant bacteria, undergoing fecal microbiota transplantation before (n=4) or after (n=6) allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Read More

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Abt. Psychosomatik und Verhaltenstherapie, Rehazentrum Seehof der Deutschen Rentenversicherung, Teltow.

Background: The Reizdarm-Fragebogen (RDF) is the first German questionnaire to assess subjectively perceived symptom severity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Thus far, this was only possible in the context of a medical examination by a practitioner. The goal of the current study was to assess differences in RDF scores among IBS patients and other clinical and non-clinical populations. Read More

Am J Gastroenterol 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Center for Neurointestinal Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Objectives: Plain film abdominal x-ray (AXR) is frequently used in the evaluation of constipation, but studies assessing the association between stool burden on AXR and colonic transit have been limited. We sought to investigate the relationship between colonic stool burden and slow transit constipation, as determined by a radiopaque marker (ROM) transit study.

Methods: A retrospective cohort population was assembled, consisting of adult patients with chronic constipation who underwent testing with both a ROM study and anorectal manometry at 2 tertiary care centers over 5 years. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019 Feb 6:e13566. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to investigate sex-related differences in brain abnormalities in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Like IBS, women with functional constipation (FC) are 2.1 times as many as men. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Feb 6;19(1):115. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.

Background: Clonorchiasis is the common parasitic infection in the general population of the Republic of Korea, however, taeniasis is scarcely reported recently. Here, we describe a case of co-infection with the cestode T. saginata in a patient with subclinical clonorchiasis diagnosed by a combination of diagnostic tools in Korea. Read More

J Pharm Pract 2019 Feb 6:897190019825965. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

3 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

Purpose:: To report a case of sudden cardiac arrest possibly associated with the administration of GoLytely (polyethylene glycol 3350 and electrolytes).

Summary:: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease presented to the emergency department with complaints of constipation and lower abdominal pain over the past week, and the inability to urinate over the past day. The patient had received GoLytely as treatment to alleviate symptoms of constipation and abdominal pain. Read More

J Am Med Inform Assoc 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Objective: Natural language processing (NLP) of symptoms from electronic health records (EHRs) could contribute to the advancement of symptom science. We aim to synthesize the literature on the use of NLP to process or analyze symptom information documented in EHR free-text narratives.

Materials And Methods: Our search of 1964 records from PubMed and EMBASE was narrowed to 27 eligible articles. Read More