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Cells 2021 04 2;10(4). Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 6020841, Japan.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health problem. Although the respiratory system is the main impaired organ, conjunctivitis is one of its common findings. However, it is not yet understood if SARS-CoV-2 can infect the eye and if the ocular surface can be a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions. Read More

Vet Rec 2021 04 22;188(8):e247. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

Veterinary Diagnostics Service, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to find evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK cats.

Design: Tissue samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antigen using immunofluorescence and for viral RNA by in situ hybridisation. A set of 387 oropharyngeal swabs that had been submitted for routine respiratory pathogen testing was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Read More

Digit J Ophthalmol 2021 Feb 12;26(4):31-35. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Eye Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Purpose: To describe the utilization trends of a dedicated ophthalmology emergency department (ED) in Boston, Massachusetts.

Methods: The medical records of 500 randomly selected patients who presented at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear (MEE) Emergency Department (ED) from January 2015 to March 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Data were analyzed using the Pearson χ2 test and multiple logistic regression. Read More

Microorganisms 2021 Mar 5;9(3). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Immunovirology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 22185 Malmo, Sweden.

Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v), the main causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), can be isolated from both the eyes and lower alimentary tract. However, the molecular features of CVA24v in feces is not well-documented. In this study, we compared the VP1 and 3C sequences of CVA24v strains isolated from feces during AHC epidemics in Cuba in 1997, 2003, and 2008-2009 with those obtained from conjunctival swabs during the same epidemic period. Read More

Jpn J Infect Dis 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan.

To understand the clinical course of human adenoviral (HAdV) conjunctivitis for establishing a better treatment regimen, thirty-eight eyes of 19 patients with HAdV-54 conjunctivitis for less than one week from onset were evaluated for clinical signs and symptoms and DNA copy numbers. It is observed that a viral load of 10-10 is required to develop symptoms of HAdV conjunctivitis, as symptoms were present in all the eyes whose viral load was ≥10 at least once during the course. Next, it is observed that asymptomatic infections in contralateral eyes are common as the virus was detected in most eyes that did not develop conjunctivitis. Read More

Bull Acad Natl Med 2021 Mar 18. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

PHC, Service des Urgences pédiatriques, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris.

SARS-CoV-2 pandemics is characterized by a high level of infectivity and a high mortality among adults at risk (older than 65 years, obesity, diabetes, systemic hypertension). Following a common viral pneumonia, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome sometimes occurs, including an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) carrying a high mortality. Unlike most common respiratory viruses, children seem less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and generally develop a mild disease with low mortality. Read More

Clin Exp Optom 2021 Apr 11;104(3):308-314. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is the most common cause of ocular viral infection in the world, but currently has no approved therapeutic treatments. The antiseptic povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has been used as an off-label treatment for the condition, but high-quality evidence for its use is limited. This paper aims to review the literature surrounding the use of PVP-I in the management of adenoviral conjunctivitis. Read More

Viruses 2021 02 13;13(2). Epub 2021 Feb 13.

Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Human adenoviruses cause disease at multiple mucosal sites, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, and are common agents of conjunctivitis. One site of infection that has received sparse attention is the cornea, a transparent tissue and the window of the eye. While most adenovirus infections are self-limited, corneal inflammation (keratitis) due to adenovirus can persist or recur for months to years after infection, leading to reduced vision, discomfort, and light sensitivity. Read More

J Vitreoretin Dis 2020 Oct 27;4(5):411-419. Epub 2020 Jul 27.

Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Purpose: The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has escalated rapidly since December 2019. Understanding the ophthalmic manifestations in patients and animal models of the novel coronavirus may have implications for disease surveillance. Recognition of the potential for viral transmission through the tear film has ramification for protection of patients, physicians, and the public. Read More

Case Rep Ophthalmol Med 2021 30;2021:6654347. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear infirmary of Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Riverside Medical Group, USA.

Purpose: To characterize the clinical presentation and report lab findings of follicular conjunctivitis in two patients with a positive history of active COVID-19 infection. . Two patients with follicular conjunctivitis with a recent history of COVID-19 infection. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 Mar;69(3):691-694

Department of Pharmacology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and various types of ophthalmic manifestation of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted on patients with SARS-Co-V-2 infection, at a dedicated tertiary COVID-19 hospital in South India from April 1 to July 31, 2020. At the time of their admission to the COVID hospital, demographic data such as name, age, sex was recorded. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 03;69(3):488-509

President, All India Ophthalmological Society and Chairman, Centre for Sight, New Delhi, India.

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had health implications of unprecedented magnitude. The infection can range from asymptomatic, mild to life threatening respiratory distress. It can affect almost every organ of the body. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jan 9;13(1):e12592. Epub 2021 Jan 9.

Infectious Diseases, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA.

The pulmonary effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), are well documented; however, more evidence is needed to understand its effect on multiple organ systems. We present the case of a 69-year-old male with dyspnea for two weeks and bilateral conjunctivitis who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. He was found to be hypoxic, requiring supplemental oxygen. Read More

Int Med Case Rep J 2021 5;14:55-65. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Paediatrics, Skaraborg Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.

Introduction: Spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, since at least December 2019, has caused a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19, which can affect several human organs. Abdominal pain is one of the known symptoms, but little is known about acute pancreatitis as a complication. Read More

Infect Dis (Lond) 2021 06 10;53(6):399-403. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Monterrey, México.

Background: To provide a review for general practitioners and medical specialists about the most common eye complaints and ocular manifestations in a COVID-19 patient.

Methods: Reviewed 50 articles referenced in 4 databases from 20 December 2019 to 16 September 2020.

Results: Of the 50 articles reviewed, 26 met the criteria for analysis and were included in the study. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Feb 8:1120672121992949. Epub 2021 Feb 8.

Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Purpose: To summarize COVID-19 research endeavors by ophthalmologists/researchers in terms of publication numbers, journals and author countries, and to detail key findings.

Methods: The LitCovid database was systematically reviewed for ophthalmology-focused COVID-19 articles. The quality of the evidence was assessed for articles investigating conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients. Read More

J Curr Ophthalmol 2020 Oct-Dec;32(4):315-328. Epub 2020 Dec 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt.

Purpose: To discuss the ocular manifestations provoked by novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease in humans, the natural history of the disease in the eye, and its treatment.

Methods: We designed a narrative review of the ocular manifestations of COVID-19 based on the literature published till July 30, 2020. The databases were PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Read More

J Med Virol 2021 Feb 5. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Department of Microbiology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.

Conjunctivitis is a frequent ocular disorder caused by human adenoviruses (HAdVs). Only a few of the 45 HAdV-D species are associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, including HAdV-D8. Nosocomial outbreaks due to HAdV-D8 have been rarely described, because keratoconjunctivitis cases are clinically diagnosed and treated without having to characterize the causative agent. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2021 Mar 27;254:109001. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

Latent canine herpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) infections are common in domestic dogs, but viral shedding patterns in dogs are poorly understood. Previous research failed to detect spontaneous subclinical ocular CaHV-1 shedding in dogs following ocular infection, a situation that is fundamentally distinct from many of the alphaherpesviruses closely related to CaHV-1. One possible explanation for this finding is that the sampling interval in the prior studies evaluating ocular shedding patterns was too infrequent to detect rapidly cleared, brief ocular viral shedding episodes. Read More

Cureus 2020 Dec 22;12(12):e12218. Epub 2020 Dec 22.

Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.

There is growing evidence that the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is capable of transmission through the eye. Research suggests that infection by SARS-CoV-2 can produce an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which leads to redness and itchiness of the eyes. Furthermore, viral particles have been detected in conjunctival secretions of SARS-CoV-2 patients who present with conjunctivitis and is likely another mode of transmission. Read More

Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Jan;22(1):101-115

Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.

Background: Conjunctivitis is a known comorbidity of atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab clinical trials for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in adults showed a higher conjunctivitis incidence for dupilumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients, whereas trials for uncontrolled asthma reported lower rates for both dupilumab and placebo.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of conjunctivitis in dupilumab clinical trials in adolescents with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis or uncontrolled asthma. Read More

Tunis Med 2020 Jun;98(6):501-504

Introduction: Spontaneous retinal reattachment is very rare in the natural evolution of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and it is often undervalued.

Aim: To report some cases of this affection.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted reporting five eyes of five patients who presented for acute visual loss in relation with a confirmed rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021 Mar 24;21:101006. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

John F. Hardesty MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, Mo, USA.

We present a case of interstitial keratitis, presumed to be herpetic, with a striking clinical appearance. A 67-year-old woman was initially diagnosed with viral conjunctivitis and ocular hypertension OD with conjunctival injection and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). She later presented with a 'spot on my right eye' and, after referral, was diagnosed with presumed herpetic keratitis. Read More

PLoS One 2021 5;16(1):e0244981. Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has been detected in blood, urine, semen, cerebral spinal fluid, saliva, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. In most ZIKV infected individuals, the virus is detected in the blood to one week after the onset of symptoms and has been found to persist longer in urine and semen. To better understand virus dynamics, a prospective cohort study was conducted in Brazil to assess the presence and duration of ZIKV and related markers (viral RNA, antibodies, T cell response, and innate immunity) in blood, semen, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions/menstrual blood, rectal swab and sweat. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 2;41(3):1141-1147. Epub 2021 Jan 2.

Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Aim: The current world has changed in all shapes since the emergence of the novel coronavirus (nCoV-2) also known as COVID-19. Among the extra-pulmonary manifestations of nCoV-2, ophthalmic symptoms have less been systematically studied. The so far existing body of evidence indicates that nCoV-2 has the potential to affect both anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. Read More

Pathogens 2020 Dec 25;10(1). Epub 2020 Dec 25.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Conjunctivitis in swine is a common finding, usually considered to be a secondary symptom of respiratory or viral systemic disease, or a result of irritation by dust or ammonia, or of local infections with () or chlamydia. In three unrelated swine farms in Germany with a high prevalence of conjunctivitis, a novel mycoplasma species, tentatively named sp. 1654_15, was isolated from conjunctival swabs taken from affected pigs. Read More

Clin Case Rep 2020 Dec 3;8(12):3503-3506. Epub 2020 Nov 3.

Department of Hospital Medicine CHI St Vincent Infirmary Little Rock AR USA.

Preseptal cellulitis is a serious diagnosis that can progress to postseptal cellulitis leading to grave consequences. Clinically, viral and bacterial cellulitis can be indistinguishable from each other. Using rapid DNA/RNA sequencing can be helpful. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2021 02;139(2):254-255

C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2021 02;139(2):255-256

Department of Ophthalmology, Yichang Central People's Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.

JAMA Ophthalmol 2021 02;139(2):253

National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.