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J Med Case Rep 2019 Apr 24;13(1):104. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

University Department promise "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Background: There are reports of the familial occurrence of Kawasaki disease but only a few reports described Kawasaki disease in siblings. However, the familial cases were not simultaneous. In these patients the idea of infective agents as trigger must be considered. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 May;25(5):865-874

Lassa virus (LASV), a hemorrhagic fever virus endemic to West Africa, causes conjunctivitis in patients with acute disease. To examine ocular manifestations of LASV, we histologically examined eyes from infected guinea pigs. In fatal disease, LASV immunostaining was most prominent in the anterior uvea, especially in the filtration angle, ciliary body, and iris and in and around vessels in the bulbar conjunctiva and peripheral cornea, where it co-localized with an endothelial marker (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule). Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2019 21;13:535-544. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Ophthalmics, Shire, A Takeda Company, Lexington, MA, USA.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of povidone-iodine (PVP-I) 0.6%/dexamethasone (DEX) 0.1% ophthalmic suspension vs vehicle in patients with clinically suspected acute viral conjunctivitis. Read More

J Virol 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Most viruses have acquired mechanisms to suppress antiviral IFN-α/β and stress responses. Enteroviruses actively counteract the induction of IFN-α/β gene transcription and stress granule (SG) formation, which are increasingly implicated as a platform for antiviral signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Both viral proteases (2A and 3C) have been implicated to suppress these responses, but these conclusions predominantly rely on ectopic overexpression of viral proteases or addition of purified viral proteases to cell lysates. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2019 Feb 21;54(1):33-39. Epub 2018 May 21.

Department of corneal and refractive surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore.. Electronic address:

Objective: To present clinical manifestations of bilateral acute depigmentation of Iris (BADI) and bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) and discuss its pathogenesis.

Design: Retrospective descriptive case study.

Participants: Twenty-two patients diagnosed with BADI or BAIT. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Apr 2;257(4):815-820. Epub 2019 Mar 2.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan.

Background: We evaluated a novel silver amplification immunochromatography test for rapid detection of adenovirus (AdV) antigen equipped with an automated reader system using tears including conjunctival exudate in patients with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.

Methods: Two kinds of immunochromatographic (IC) kits, a conventional IC kit for conjunctival scrapings (control kit) and an IC kit using tears including conjunctival exudate collected by pressing a filter paper strip on the conjunctiva (test kit), were tested on 90 patients who attended Migita Eye Clinic with suspected adenoviral conjunctivitis. The results of the test kits were automatically obtained by a specific reader, which was based on silver amplification immunochromatography system, in 15 min. Read More

J Med Virol 2019 Feb 28. Epub 2019 Feb 28.

Department of Cell Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

The role of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in different acute diseases, such as febrile exudative tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever is well established. However, the relationships, if any, of HAdV persistence and reactivation in the development of the chronic adenotonsillar disease is not fully understood. The present paper reports a 3-year cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed at detecting and quantifying HAdV DNA and mRNA of the HAdV hexon gene in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent adenotonsillitis. Read More

Arch Virol 2019 Apr;164(4):1181-1185

Laboratório de Enterovírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A large outbreak (over 200,000 cases) of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) took place in Brazil during the summer of 2017/2018, seven years after a nationwide epidemic, which occurred in 2011. To identify the etiological agent, 80 conjunctival swabs from patients with a clinical presentation suggestive of AHC were analyzed at the national enterovirus laboratory. Real-time RT-PCR for human enteroviruses was performed, and enterovirus RNA was detected in 91. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Jan 29. Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'épidémiologie et de Santé publique, Paris, France; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UVSQ, UFR de Médecine, Versailles, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris APHP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Service de Médecine Interne, Boulogne Billancourt, France.

Objectives: We aimed to identify patients' clinical characteristics associated with respiratory viruses identified among patients presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI).

Methods: A sample of patients of all ages presenting with ILI was included by physicians of the French Sentinelles network during two seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17). Nasopharyngeal samples were tested for the presence of influenza virus (IV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 02;25(2):245-248

Lassa virus is a rodentborne arenavirus responsible for human cases of Lassa fever, a viral hemorrhagic fever, in West Africa and in travelers arriving to non-Lassa-endemic countries from West Africa. We describe a retrospective review performed through literature search of clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of all imported Lassa fever cases worldwide during 1969-2016. Our findings demonstrate that approximately half of imported cases had distinctive clinical features (defined as fever and >1 of the following: pharyngitis, sore throat, tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, oropharyngeal ulcers, or proteinuria). Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2018 Dec 27;6(1):156. Epub 2018 Dec 27.

Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: The prevalence of esophageal stenosis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors in the context of induced immune mucositis and esophagitis is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a patient with stage IV pulmonary adenocarcinoma treated for 6 months with nivolumab who developed bilateral sterile conjunctivitis followed by oropharyngeal mucositis and esophagitis complicated by a severe esophageal stenosis. The laryngeal margin and hypopharyngeal mucosa appeared highly inflammatory with fibrinous deposits. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2019 Jan 19;236(1):54-62. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemeine Augenheilkunde, Uniklinik Köln, Köln.

Background: A smooth supply with a visually appealing prosthetic eye after enucleation is not just a cosmetic solution, it is also a key factor in successful social and psychological rehabilitation.

Objectives: This article provides an overview of the current state of medical and ocular care regarding prosthetic eyes in Germany. It focuses mainly on the newest clinical results, daily care, complications, and psychological aspects of wearing prosthetic eyes. Read More

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018 Dec 7;67(48):1347-1349. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

On June 22, 2017, the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (LAC DPH) was notified of seven patients who were seen at an eye care clinic on June 8, 2017, and later developed symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). EKC is a contagious, severe form of viral conjunctivitis that can cause pain and blurred vision for up to 4 weeks (1). LAC DPH conducted an investigation, which identified 17 patients with EKC, including 15 who had visited the optometry clinic and two who were household contacts of clinic patients. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 8;12:2277-2283. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Center for Sight, Sarasota, FL, USA,

Purpose: A new cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xlHA) gel occlusive device was assessed for safety and efficacy in the treatment of dry eyes.

Methods: This was an institutional review board-approved, single-site, open-label, prospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of placing the xlHA gel in the lower canaliculus. Seventy-four participants aged 25-95 years with dry eyes, who failed treatment with artificial tears, were included. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2018 ;18(20):1792-1803

Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata -700032, India.

Background: Zika is a worldwide pandemic dreadful viral transmission through Aedes mosquito vector. It significantly causes fever, joint pain or rash, and conjunctivitis. Pregnant mothers suffering from Zika viral infection may have fetal abnormalities due to severe neurological problems, characterized by microcephaly along with Guillain-Barré syndrome, issuing ZIKV a major public health concern as declared by the World Health Organization. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018 11 14;15(11). Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.

Enterovirus diseases are fecal-orally transmitted, and its transmission may be closely related with the drinking water quality and other environmental factors. This study aimed to assess the association between environmental factors including drinking water quality and the incidence of enteroviral diseases in metropolitan provinces of Korea. Using monthly number of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), aseptic meningitis (AM) and acute hemorrhage conjunctivitis (AHC) cases, generalized linear Poisson model was applied to estimate the effects of environmental factors on the monthly cases. Read More

PLoS One 2018 26;13(10):e0202352. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), School of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.

More than 70 human adenovirus types were identified divided into 7 different species (A-G). Diseases caused by human adenoviruses are type-dependent and can range from mild to severe respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections or eye infections such as epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Unfortunately there is no specific anti-adenovirus therapy available. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 25;257(1):249-251. Epub 2018 Sep 25.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.

Top Companion Anim Med 2018 Jun 29;33(2):45-48. Epub 2018 May 29.

Center for Companion Animal Studies in the Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA. Electronic address:

Signs of ocular infections like discharge and conjunctivitis occur commonly in cats in shelters and feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma spp, and feline calicivirus (FCV) are thought to be the most common causes. While molecular assays are available to amplify nucleic acids of each of these agents as single tests or in panels, additional information is needed concerning whether the assay results can be used to predict response to treatment. The objectives of this study were to report results for conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that amplify nucleic acids of FHV-1, Mycoplasma spp. Read More

J Fam Pract 2018 Sep;67(9):573-575

University of Colorado Family Medicine, Denver, USA. Email:

Following Tx for facial blisters, our patient returned with what appeared to be viral conjunctivitis. Further evaluation revealed a missed tip-off to the proper Dx. Read More

Clin Exp Dermatol 2019 Jan 11;44(1):4-12. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.

Zika virus (ZV) is an important emerging infection. Rash is a key feature, but the summative literature lacks description of the rash beyond 'maculopapular'. Our aim was to identify the cutaneous features described in the published literature. Read More

Travel Med Infect Dis 2019 Jan - Feb;27:107-114. Epub 2018 Sep 8.

Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp (ITM), Belgium.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection a concern to travellers because of potential sexual transmission and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: To describe our experience in diagnosing ZIKV in travellers returning from endemic territories.

Method: Travellers were evaluated for ZIKV at our clinic in a 12-month period during the outbreak, using ZIKV-specific RT-PCR and anti-ZIKV Immunoglobulin M/G ELISA when symptomatic, and ELISA only for asymptomatic travellers, preferably from 20 days after the last exposure. Read More

Mikrobiyol Bul 2018 Jul;52(3):308-315

Public Health General Directorate, Microbiology Reference Laboratories and Biological Products Department, National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonoses Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.

Zika virus is a Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae, and transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes. Zika virus infection is asymptomatic in 80% of cases and has a mild course when symptoms occur. These symptoms include headache, myalgia, mild fever, maculopapular rash and conjunctivitis. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 27;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

University hospitals of Plymouth, Royal Eye Infirmary, Derriford, Plymouth, UK.

Chikungunya is a systemic viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes in endemic areas of Africa, Asia and more recently in the Americas. Chikungunya infection produces a sudden onset of fever, joint pains and erythematous skin eruption. A plethora of ocular manifestations have been described ranging from a non-specific conjunctivitis to exudative retinal detachment. Read More

Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2018 Oct - Dec;25(5-6):451-456. Epub 2018 Aug 17.

a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to measure the seasonal trends of adenovirus conjunctivitis.

Methods: A total of 926 positive cases of HAdV conjunctivitis were reviewed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) in Pittsburgh (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA) from 11th March 1987 to 15th December 2016. To determine seasonal variation, daily counts were adjusted for yearly changes in Allegheny County population size, modelled as a function of long-term trend using Basis-spline (B-spline), and analysed for seasonal trend by quarter (1Q = January to March, 2Q = April to June, 3Q = July to September, 4Q = October to December). Read More

Sports Health 2019 Jan/Feb;11(1):47-58. Epub 2018 Aug 14.

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Context:: Infections are common in contact sports. This review aims to describe the epidemiology, presenting signs and symptoms, treatment guidelines, and regulations for several common infections seen in contact sport athletes. The conditions discussed include bacterial skin infections, herpes simplex virus, molluscum contagiosum, common warts, tinea, scabies, head lice, conjunctivitis, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and vaccine-preventable illnesses. Read More

J Vet Diagn Invest 2018 Sep 21;30(5):663-670. Epub 2018 Jul 21.

Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (Muñoz Gutiérrez, Sondgeroth, Williams, Montgomery, Miller).

We describe the clinicopathologic findings, relative prevalence, and pathogens associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus) in Wyoming. Seventeen cases with ocular lesions were identified among 1,036 mule deer postmortem submissions (1.6%) in an ~16 y period. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2018 08;24(8):1565-1568

Dengue virus and Zika virus coexist in tropical regions in Asia where healthcare resources are limited; differentiating the 2 viruses is challenging. We showed in a case-control discovery cohort, and replicated in a validation cohort, that the diagnostic indices of conjunctivitis, platelet count, and monocyte count reliably distinguished between these viruses. Read More

Cornea 2018 Nov;37(11):1395-1399

Department of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Eye Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

Purpose: To describe the rate, clinical/microbiological characteristics, and outcomes of infectious keratitis in eyes with limbal stem cell deficiency after ocular surface stem cell transplantation (OSST).

Methods: In this retrospective chart review of 278 eyes that underwent OSST between January 2006 and December 2016, eyes treated for previous infectious keratitis (bacterial, fungal, or viral) were included. Demographics, risk factors, course, microbiological characteristics, and outcomes were assessed. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2018 Jul 3;16(1):43. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, 5980 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD), the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed world, is extremely rare in neonates. We present a case of incomplete KD in a neonate and a review of the literature on neonatal KD.

Case Presentation: A previously healthy full term 15 day old Caucasian male with an unremarkable antenatal and perinatal history, presented on Day 2 of illness with fever, rash, irritability, and poor feeding. Read More

Pediatr Emerg Care 2018 Jul;34(7):510-515

Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Chapman), Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC.

Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an emerging arboviral infection with recent spikes in transmission in the Americas. Chikungunya is most commonly transmitted by mosquitos, specifically Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes are found throughout many parts of the United States. Read More

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018 Oct;79(2):237-243

Flavivirus Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) emergence in South America revealed the lack of knowledge regarding clinical manifestations in HIV-infected individuals.

Objectives: We described the clinical characteristics, laboratory manifestations, differential diagnosis, and outcome of ZIKV infection in a large, single-center cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Methods: HIV-infected patients aged 18 years and older with clinical suspected arboviral disease from an ongoing cohort were followed from February 2015 through December 2015. Read More

Comp Med 2018 Aug 15;68(4):319-323. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Animal Care Sciences, Smithsonian Institution National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC.

A 20-y-old male intact white-faced saki monkey (Pithecia pithecia) presented with an acute ocular disease of the right eye. Clinical signs included periocular swelling, conjunctivitis, and anisocoria with a miotic right pupil. Conjunctival swabs were positive for Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV1) according to PCR amplification with sequencing. Read More

Intervirology 2017 13;60(6):271-275. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Virus Entériques, INSERM U994, Paris, France.

In 2017, numerous cases of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) were reported in the Caribbean and in South America. Preliminary reports identified adenoviruses and enteroviruses in some patient samples but, until now, none of the etiologic agents have been fully characterized. We report the full-length genomic sequences of 4 coxsackievirus A24 (CV-A24) isolates collected from AHC patients in French Guiana during this outbreak (May and June 2017). Read More

Arq Bras Oftalmol 2018 Apr;81(2):116-119

Ulucanlar Eye Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and seasonal distribution of patients admitted to the ocular emergency department of a tertiary ophthalmology care center.

Methods: The study cohort includes 27,120 patients who were admitted to ocular emergency room between November 2013 and November 2014. The age, sex, reason for admission, diagnosis, and complete ocular examination reports were recorded for each patient. Read More

JAMA Pediatr 2018 Jul;172(7):686-693

Department of Pediatrics, St Luke's Episcopal Hospital-Ponce Health Sciences University Consortium, Ponce, Puerto Rico.

Importance: Little information is available regarding Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in children.

Objective: To describe patients younger than 18 years who were infected with ZIKV and were enrolled in the Sentinel Enhanced Dengue and Acute Febrile Illness Surveillance System (SEDSS).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Children infected with ZIKV with 7 or fewer days of fever or emancipated minors aged 14 to 17 years with a generalized maculopapular rash, arthritis or arthralgia, or nonpurulent conjunctivitis were eligible for enrollment on or before December 31, 2016, in Puerto Rico. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2018 May 25;7(1):96. Epub 2018 May 25.

Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.

Zika-infected patients can have eye involvement ranging from mild conjunctivitis to severe chorioretinal lesions, however the possible long-term sequelae of infection and timeline to recovery remain unknown. Here we describe the partial recovery of chorioretinal lesions in an immunocompetent patient diagnosed with bilateral posterior uveitis associated with Zika infection and show that some lesions resolved with focal atrophy evident as pigmentary changes on funduscopy. To better understand the progression of the lesions and correlate the changes in fundus imaging with local viral load, immune responses, and retinal damage, we developed a symptomatic mouse model of ocular Zika virus infection. Read More

Wiad Lek 2018;71(3 pt 2):699-704

Higher State Educational Establishment Of Ukraine "Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy", Poltava, Ukraine.

Objective: Introduction: According to the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI, 2016), allergy is the most common chronic disease in Europe. The aim: The aim of the investigation is to study the spread of risk factors of allergic reactions in children who are 8-9 years old of Poltava region.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The investigation included two stages: the 1st contained interviewing; the 2nd one - additional clinical and lab investigation of children, who require the further diagnosis specification. Read More

Indian J Med Microbiol 2018 Jan-Mar;36(1):113-115

Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a major cause of viral conjunctivitis. The various serotypes implicated in the causation are 3, 4, 8, 19 and 37. The present study aimed to know the circulating types of HAdV causing acute conjunctivitis in North India. Read More

Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2018 Jul;29(4):334-339

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) has the potential to cause significant visual morbidity and functional disability in patients with recalcitrant disease, keratitis, and postherpetic neuralgia. This article will review the current methods of prevention and treatment of anterior segment-related chronic complications of HZO.

Recent Findings: HZO-related anterior segment ocular complications can range to include conjunctivitis, keratitis, and uveitis that can all be difficult to manage. Read More

J Clin Virol 2018 07 21;104:16-22. Epub 2018 Apr 21.

Virus & Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address:

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, diarrhoea and outbreaks have been reported. However, little is known about the disease burden and the molecular epidemiology of HAdV.

Objectives: To retrospectively perform a molecular characterization of HAdV positive samples received at Statens Serum Institut during the period 2011-2016 and to compare this with demographic information, geographic location, sample collection date and type and co-infection with other viral pathogens. Read More

Int J Immunogenet 2018 Jun 18;45(3):102-108. Epub 2018 Apr 18.

Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

The Tie2 receptor is an important player in angiogenesis. The Tie2 mRNA and protein are abundantly expressed in the lungs and the associated pathway also has an important role in the development and function of the eye. Tie2 is encoded by the TEK gene in humans. Read More

Eye Contact Lens 2018 Sep;44 Suppl 1:S1-S7

EVMS Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Medical School (D.G.-Z.), Norfolk, VA; Department of Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital (C.R.), Philadelphia, PA; Department of Ophthalmology, Eastern Virginia Medical School (J.D.S.), Virginia Eye Consultants, Norfolk, VA; and EVMS Department of Ophthalmology (A.R.D.).

Adenoviral conjunctivitis comprises a large number of physician office visits in the United States and places a great financial burden on health care. It is estimated that the incidence of adenovirus infection to be as high as 20 million cases per year in the United States. There are multiple adenovirus serotypes, each associated with different types and severity of infection. Read More

Vet Ophthalmol 2019 Jan 14;22(1):67-75. Epub 2018 Apr 14.

Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

An adult great-horned owl (Bubo virginianus; GHOW) presented with a history of recurrent corneal ulceration of the right eye (OD). Findings included ulcerative superficial keratitis, proliferative conjunctivitis, and iris pigmentary changes. The ulcer was initially nonresponsive to medical therapy, but showed rapid and appropriate healing following diamond burr debridement. Read More

J Virol 2018 06 29;92(12). Epub 2018 May 29.

Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China

As a prevalent agent in cats, feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) infection contributes to feline respiratory disease and acute and chronic conjunctivitis. FHV-1 can successfully evade the host innate immune response and persist for the lifetime of the cat. Several mechanisms of immune evasion by human herpesviruses have been elucidated, but the mechanism of immune evasion by FHV-1 remains unknown. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2018 19;12:511-517. Epub 2018 Mar 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.

Background: Human adenovirus type 54 (HAdV-54) is a novel type of adenovirus that belongs to species D and has thus far been detected only in Japan in patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). There was a large nationwide outbreak of HAdV-54 EKC from 2015 to 2016 in Japan. The clinical characteristics of an outbreak of HAdV-54 conjunctivitis treated in a regional ophthalmic clinic in Fukuoka, Japan, in 2016 were analyzed. Read More

PLoS Curr 2018 Feb 15;10. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Medical Clinic Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo,Grande, MS, Brazil.

Background: The current triple epidemic caused by dengue, zika and chikungunya constitutes a serious health problem in Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate acute samples (up to the 7 days of symptoms) from patients presenting acute fever syndrome suspected as arboviral infection and characterize the clinical and laboratorial profile during the co-circulation of dengue, zika and chikungunya in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), midwest region of Brazil.

Methods: All suspected cases (n=134) were tested by using serological and molecular diagnostic tests including DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV RT-PCR, Dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen capture ELISA, anti- DENV IgM ELISA and anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 03 20;18(1):135. Epub 2018 Mar 20.

Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, No.16, Hepingli Middle Road, Beijing, 100013, People's Republic of China.

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute conjunctivitis is a common infectious disease and causes significant morbidity among residents in Beijing, China. However, little is known about the epidemiology and type distribution of acute adenoviral conjunctivitis in Beijing.

Methods: Acute conjunctivitis surveillance was conducted in 18 hospitals in Beijing from July through October during 2011-2013. Read More

Braz J Microbiol 2018 Oct - Dec;49(4):777-784. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

The aim of this study was to perform the molecular characterization of conserved and variable regions of feline calicivirus capsid genome in order to investigate the molecular diversity of variants in Brazilian cat population. Twenty-six conjunctival samples from cats living in five public short-term animal shelters and three multicat life-long households were analyzed. Fifteen cats had conjunctivitis, three had oral ulceration, eight had respiratory signs (cough, sneeze and nasal discharge) and nine were asymptomatic. Read More

Dis Mon 2018 May 28;64(5):235-245. Epub 2018 Feb 28.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Wellington Regional Medical Center, Blue Health, LLC, Palm Beach County, FL, USA.