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Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 Jun;68(6):1186-1188

Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, Anterior Segment Specialist, Athens Refractive Laser Center, Athens, Greece.

We report a rare case of very late-onset haze triggered by viral conjunctivitis, > 20 years after treatment of moderate myopia with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and its successful management. Read More

Fed Pract 2020 May;37(5):220-223

is an Optometrist and the Low Vision Director, and is an Optometrist; both at Viera VA Outpatient Clinic in Florida.

Objective: This article presents additional strategies to the medical professional and support tactics to keep both the health care provider and patient as safe as possible during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Observations: Follicular conjunctivitis has been reported as an early sign of infection or during hospitalization for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been confirmed that COVID-19 is transmitted through both respiratory droplets and direct contact. Read More

Infect Dis (Auckl) 2020 29;13:1178633720909158. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess physician assistant students' knowledge about the screening, transmission, management, and prevention of Zika virus infection.

Background: It is important for health care providers in the United States to recognize the symptoms of Zika so that they can screen, diagnose, and or treat persons exposed to or infected by the virus. Physician assistant students, on completion of their educational program and passing their board examinations, provide care for patients in primary care or specialty settings where they may treat patients who either have the virus or post-virus exposure. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: Since there are few reports on the ocular involvement of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, this study aimed to assess the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the tears of patients with COVID-19.

Methods: In this prospective case series, nasopharyngeal and tear sampling of 43 patients with severe COVID-19 were performed. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2. Read More

Clin Exp Optom 2020 May 13. Epub 2020 May 13.

Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

The ocular surface has been suggested as a site of infection with Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This review examines the evidence for this hypothesis, and its implications for clinical practice. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is transmitted by person-to-person contact, via airborne droplets, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. Read More

Front Public Health 2020 24;8:155. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.

The outbreak of the current 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, now named SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a worldwide health threat. Currently, more information is needed so as to further understand the transmission and clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection and the infection control procedures required. Recently, the role of the eye in transmitting 2019-nCoV has been intensively discussed. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 6;12(4):e7565. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the skin affecting a large number of people worldwide. Historically, this condition has been managed by topical corticosteroids and general skincare measures. The inadequacy of these management strategies has always driven efforts to find better drugs. Read More

Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020 06 27;43(3):211-212. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Department of Clinical Research, Scientific Writing Corporation, 6345 Garth Rd., Ste#110, P.B.#109, Baytown, TX, 77521, United States. Electronic address:

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 May 17;43(5):389-391. Epub 2020 Apr 17.

Ophthalmology department, hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP université de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS1138, Team 17, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de recherche des cordeliers, 15, rue de l'école de médecine, Paris, France. Electronic address:

We report here the case of a 27-year-old man who consulted by telemedicine during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to foreign body sensation and left eye redness. Examination revealed unilateral eyelid edema and moderate conjunctival hyperemia. A few hours later, the patient experienced intense headache and developed fever, cough and severe dyspnea. Read More

J Chin Med Assoc 2020 Apr 21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Although current studies suggested that conjunctivitis is not a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), several studies have reported the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) in ocular secretions. Coronavirus had not yet been successfully cultured from tears or conjunctival swabs in humans, neither SARS-CoV-2 nor SARS-CoV. However, live feline coronavirus has been isolated from conjunctival swabs. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 05 21;43(5):e167-e168. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, APHP Ophthalmology Department, Université de Paris, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm, UMRS1138, Team 17, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical development, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France. Electronic address:

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 May 21;43(5):455-459. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Service d'ophtalmologie B, hôpital des spécialités de Rabat, Rabat 10100, Maroc. Electronic address:

Clin Ter 2020 May-Jun;171(3):e189-e191

Department of Public Health and Infectious diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Little is known about the Covid-19 transmission through ocular tissue, and more research needs to be carried out in order to confirm its ability to infect ocular tissue and its pathogenic mechanisms. Covid-19 may be detected in the tears and conjunctival secretions in novel coronavirus pneumonia patients with conjunctivitis. This case report shows a severe viral conjunctivitis in a patient diagnosed with Covid-19 on the Diamond Princess ship, characterized by both red, irritated and swollen eyes, with transparent serous secretions, conjunctival chemosis, pseudomembranes of fibrin and inflammatory cells on the tarsal conjunctiva accompanied by preauricular lymph nodes and enlarged submaxillaries. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 May;68(5):745-749

Cornea Department, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Purpose: To report clinical characteristics of Demodex blepharokeratoconjunctivitis affecting young patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of 14 patients with the history of chronic red eyes with corneal involvement. All patients were diagnosed with ocular demodicosis based on the results of eyelash sampling. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 May;68(5):732-736

The Cornea Institute; Center for Ocular Regeneration (CORE), L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Purpose: To describe the correlation between the temporal pattern of presentation of acute epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) of presumed adenoviral etiology with meteorological parameters such as environmental temperature, rainfall, humidity, and wind speed.

Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 2,408,819 patients presenting between August 2010 and February 2020. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of EKC in at least one eye were included as cases. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2020 05;68(5):683-687

Consultant, Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Bioinformation 2020 31;16(3):229-235. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India.

A comprehensive analysis of methyltransferase (MTase) from Zika virus (ZIKV) is of interest in the development of drugs and biomarkers in the combat and care of ZIKA fever with impulsive joint pain and conjunctivitis. MTase sequence is homologous in several viral species. We analyzed the MTase domain from ZIKV using Bioinformatics tools such as SMART, PROSITE, PFAM, PANTHER, and InterProScan to glean insights on the sequence to structure to function data. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020 Apr 16;56(0):E009. Epub 2020 Apr 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.

Screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis among the patients with coronavirus disease-19. Prospective series case study. Eighty-one patients diagnosed as coronavirus disease-19 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital were enrolled with ophthalmological consultation screening for novel coronavirus related conjunctivitis, including the inquiring of eye symptoms and checking for conjunctivitis-related signs. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020 Apr 14;56(0):E010. Epub 2020 Apr 14.

Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.

Currently, it is commonly reported that COVID-19 patients are associated with conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, and the transmission route or high-risk diseases of ophthalmology and high-risk working status are speculated. Are conjunctival congestion or conjunctival related symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus definitely related the novel coronavirus? Conjunctival congestion is one of the common clinical signs of various types of conjunctivitis. The symptoms and signs of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients may be related to a variety of factors. Read More

J Med Virol 2020 Apr 8. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

Adenoviral conjunctivitis is a common epidemic worldwide. In Vietnam, up to 80,000 patients are infected with adenoviral conjunctivitis annually. However, there are few investigations on the pathogenic adenoviruses that cause conjunctivitis. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2020 06 7;104(6):748-751. Epub 2020 Apr 7.

Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Purpose: To report the ocular characteristics and the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens in a patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Participant And Methods: A 30-year-old man with confirmed COVID-19 and bilateral acute conjunctivitis which occurred 13 days after illness onset. Based on detailed ophthalmic examination, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus in conjunctival swabs. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 17;14:837-852. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, Elkins Park, PA 19027, USA.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis, accounting for up to 75% of all conjunctivitis cases and affecting people of all ages and demographics. In addition to ocular complications, it can cause systemic infections in the form of gastroenteritis, respiratory disease, and dissemination in immunocompromised individuals. HAdV causes lytic infection of the mucoepithelial cells of the conjunctiva and cornea, as well as latent infection of lymphoid and adenoid cells. Read More

J Fr Ophtalmol 2020 May 30;43(5):392-396. Epub 2020 Mar 30.

Service d'ophtalmologie, hôpital Mohamed-Taher-Maamouri, Mrazka, 8000 Nabeul, Tunisie.

Measles is a contagious viral infection that usually affects children. The disease is caused by morbillivirus, a virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. The clinical picture is characterized by four phases: incubation, invasion, eruption and desquamation. Read More

JAMA Ophthalmol 2020 Mar 31. Epub 2020 Mar 31.

Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Importance: While the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 100 000 infected individuals in China and worldwide, there are few reports on the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with ocular abnormalities. Understanding ocular manifestations of patients with COVID-19 by ophthalmologists and others may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of transmission of the disease.

Objective: To investigate ocular manifestations and viral prevalence in the conjunctiva of patients with COVID-19. Read More

Int Marit Health 2020 ;71(1):78-84

Department of Epidemiology and Tropical Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine, 128 Szaserów St., 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.

Travelling has been growing in popularity over the last several decades. Eye diseases, e.g. Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2020 12;14:805-813. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Department of Ophthalmology, Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

The diagnosis of acute infectious conjunctivitis can be difficult. Clinical ambiguity exists between the acute viral and bacterial as well as the allergic forms, which can confound diagnosis. Also, discrimination between viral or bacterial origins of infectious conjunctivitis based on historical, nonspecific, clinical signs and symptoms contributes to a high rate of misdiagnosis and overuse of antibiotic treatment. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020 Apr 16;28(3):391-395. Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV) epidemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from China. This virus causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, there have been anecdotal reports of ocular infection. Read More

Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2020 Apr 3;95(4):188-191. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, España; Departamento de Oftalmología, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, España.

Clinical Case: A 16-year-old patient seen in the Emergency Department due to loss of visual acuity (VA) in the left eye (LE), and oppressive headache of 1 day onset. The patient was on treatment with topical corticosteroids for viral conjunctivitis. The VA was 1. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020 May 3;258(5):1049-1055. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of Ophthalmology, United Christian Hospital, 130 Hip Wo Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR.

Purpose: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly emerged as a global health threat. The purpose of this article is to share our local experience of stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology to minimise COVID-19 infection of both healthcare workers and patients.

Methods: Infection control measures implemented in our ophthalmology clinic are discussed. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 14;11:175. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

During pregnancy, the organization of complex tolerance mechanisms occurs to assure non-rejection of the semiallogeneic fetus. Pregnancy is a period of vulnerability to some viral infections, mainly during the first and second trimesters, that may cause congenital damage to the fetus. Recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has gained great notoriety due to the occurrence of congenital ZIKV syndrome, characterized by fetal microcephaly, which results from the ability of ZIKV to infect placental cells and neural precursors in the fetus. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020 May;56(5):330-332

Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Population Health Across Life Cycle, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.

This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on March 2, 2020. Prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia is now the top priority, and the protection of the eyes in the fight against the epidemic has also been an issue of great concern. Based on the latest progress made in basic and clinical research and practical experience in epidemic prevention and control, this article delivers objective guidance on whether the eye is a route of transmission of novel coronavirus infection, the precautions that should be taken by ophthalmologists in clinical practice during the epidemic, the novel coronavirus infection in the eyes and its clinical manifestation, and the public health education on eye protection, so as to provide valuable evidence for the scientific prevention and control of the epidemic and developing targeted countermeasures. Read More

Epidemiol Infect 2020 Feb 24;148:e35. Epub 2020 Feb 24.

Service of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.

We describe and analyse an outbreak of measles that affected Belgium early 2017. In total, 289 cases were reported, mostly (53%) in people 15 years or older. For 133 (46%) vaccination status was unknown and a further 117 (41%) were not vaccinated. Read More

Arch Virol 2020 Apr 12;165(4):1015-1018. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE) "Dr. Manuel Martínez Báez", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.

Cases of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by a coxsackie virus A24 variant (CV-A24v) in Mexico have been reported since 1987; however, no molecular data on the causative strains have been available. Here, we report the identification of the etiological agent responsible for the most recent AHC outbreak in southeastern Mexico (at the end of 2017) as well as the complete genome sequences of seven isolates, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenomic analysis of the CV-A24v sequences reported here showed similarity to contemporary strains causing AHC outbreaks in French Guiana and Uganda, forming a novel clade related to genotype IV. Read More

Acta Cir Bras 2020 7;34(12):e201901206. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

PhD, Full Professor, Coordinator, Postgraduate Program in Surgery, Department of Surgery, UFC, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific content of the study, critical revision, final approval.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of prednisolone against sodium diclofenac both with ciprofloxacin compared to artificial tears on the symptoms and signs of acute viral conjunctivitis.

Methods: Study included 37 patients diagnosed with acute conjunctivitis and distributed by three groups: A (1% prednisolone acetate + ciprofloxacin (0.3%); B (Sodium diclofenac (0. Read More

Iran J Vet Res 2019 ;20(4):308-312

Graduated from Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India.

Background: Duck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses.

Case Description: An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt. Read More

PLoS One 2020 6;15(2):e0228252. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) can cause severe ocular infection and blindness. We have previously shown that the HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain is protective in mice and guinea pigs against genital herpes infection following vaginal challenge with HSV-1 or HSV-2. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of VC2 intramuscular vaccination in mice against herpetic keratitis following ocular challenge with lethal human clinical strain HSV-1(McKrae). Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019 Dec;146(12S3):12S67-12S75

Clinique dermatologique, Hôpitaux universitaires et université de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg Cedex, France. Electronic address:

Atopic dermatitis is associated with an increased risk of asthma (10 to 30% according to age), allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis and food allergy. Other comorbidiies are globally lest frequent than in psoriasis. There is no increased risk of solid cancer. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2020 Feb 23;69(2):265-269. Epub 2020 Jan 23.

Sonezaki Furubayashi Clinic, Osaka, Japan.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been reported as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis. We aimed to investigate HAdVs associated with urethritis in Osaka, Japan through molecular characterization. Urine samples were obtained from male patients with urethritis from 2015 to 2018. Read More

J Gen Virol 2020 Feb 21;101(2):208-215. Epub 2020 Jan 21.

Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), School of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.

In previous studies, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was explored as an antibacterial and antiviral agent for the treatment of chronic wounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CAP may also be suitable as an antiviral therapy against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 most frequently manifests as recurrent herpes labialis, but it can also cause encephalitis, conjunctivitis or herpes neonatorum as a perinatal infection. Read More

Prog Retin Eye Res 2019 Dec 28:100826. Epub 2019 Dec 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address:

Known to occur in widespread outbreaks, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular surface infection with a strong historical association with human adenovirus (HAdV). While the conjunctival manifestations can vary from mild follicular conjunctivitis to hyper-acute, exudative conjunctivitis with formation of conjunctival membranes, EKC is distinct as the only form of adenovirus conjunctivitis in which the cornea is also involved, likely due to the specific corneal epithelial tropism of its causative viral agents. The initial development of a punctate or geographic epithelial keratitis may herald the later formation of stromal keratitis, and manifest as subepithelial infiltrates which often persist or recur for months to years after the acute infection has resolved. Read More

BMC Ophthalmol 2019 Dec 19;19(1):262. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Department Of Ocular Microbiology, Beijing Institute Of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Background: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is one of the most common eye infections worldwide. The analysis of clinical manifestations in different age groups help better know the disease. This study aims to provide more detailed analysis of 272 cases of EKC in 8 years, describe the differences of the clinical features among different age groups, and establish new clinical grading criteria. Read More

Orbit 2019 Dec 18:1-4. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

This report presents two cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)-associated dacryocystitis. Both patients presented with preseptal edema. Orbital computed tomography (CT) scans were performed out of concern for orbital cellulitis and revealed soft tissue edema involving the preseptal aspect of the eyelids and also the lacrimal sac. Read More

Horm Res Paediatr 2019 18;92(4):237-244. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Department of Women & Child Health, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre for Paediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.

Introduction: Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) have been found to be related to various common childhood diseases, like otitis media, conjunctivitis, respiratory viral infections, and asthma. However, the confounding effects of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stage (Tanner stages), socioeconomic status (SES) as well as of some hair maintenance procedures on HCC are still not well examined.

Methods: A population-based cohort of 434 children aged between 5 and 18 years was examined for HCC between January 2012 and February 2015 in the context of the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) Child study. Read More

Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019 Sep 30;7(18):3009-3012. Epub 2019 Jun 30.

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Academic Teaching Hospital, Dresden, Germany.

Background: Measles is highly contagious and is caused by the RNA morbillivirus. The best protection is active immunisation in early childhood. Without immunisation morbidity and mortality of measles are high. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2019 Nov 18. Epub 2019 Nov 18.

Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Background: Clinicians use the Modified Centor Score (MCS) to estimate the risk of group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis in children with sore throat. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommends neither testing nor treating patients with specific viral symptoms. The goal of this study is to measure the impact of those symptoms on the yield of GAS testing predicted by the MCS. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2019 Dec 4;25:9245-9254. Epub 2019 Dec 4.

Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND Measles morbidity and mortality were significantly reduced after the measles vaccine was introduced in China in 1965. However, measles outbreaks easily occur in densely populated areas, especially where there is no universal vaccination. The outbreak that occurred in Shenzhen, the Chinese city with the largest internal immigration, provides a lesson in measles virus mutation and measles prevention. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2019 Dec 2;12(12). Epub 2019 Dec 2.

Infectious Diseases, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Sheffield, UK.

A 40-year-old British man presented to the emergency department for the second time in 10 days following a 2-week holiday in Thailand with malaise, bilateral conjunctivitis and a morbilliform rash. He had previously seen his general practitioner and ophthalmology and was diagnosed with conjunctivitis. We confirmed measles following RNA detection on a mouth swab. Read More

Clin Optom (Auckl) 2019 15;11:105-111. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Background: Viruses are considered the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis. PCR has been approved as the best standard method to diagnose viral conjunctivitis. This study was conducted to investigate epidemiological patterns of conjunctivitis in Hamadan, west Iran. Read More

Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019 Oct 30;17(1):163. Epub 2019 Oct 30.

Shire, a Takeda company, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA.

Background: Acute infectious conjunctivitis is a common condition most frequently caused by viruses or bacteria. Clinical outcome assessments have been used to assess signs and symptoms of bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, but have not been evaluated for content validity. We aimed to develop content-valid patient- (PRO) and observer-reported outcome (ObsRO) instruments to assess symptoms of ocular discomfort associated with viral or bacterial conjunctivitis in adult and pediatric patients. Read More

Minerva Pediatr 2019 Oct 11. Epub 2019 Oct 11.

Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and gastroenteritis. In addition to enteric serotypes 40 and 41, some serotypes belonging to subgroups A, B, and C have also been implicated to be etiological agents of gastroenteritis among infants and young children.The Vesikari Scoring System (VSS) is the severity scale that was originally developed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines on 20 points. Read More