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Microorganisms 2022 May 25;10(6). Epub 2022 May 25.

Laboratório Experimental de Patogenicidade de Enterobactérias (LEPE), Disciplina de Microbiologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia (DMIP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.

While primarily Gram-positive bacteria cause bacterial eye infections, several Gram-negative species also pose eye health risks. Currently, few studies have tried to understand the pathogenic mechanisms involved in eye infections. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the pathogenic potential of strains isolated from eye infections. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10264. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Empirical antimicrobial therapy is linked to a surge in antimicrobial resistant infections. However, an insight on the bacteria etiology of ocular infections is essential in the appropriation of choice of antimicrobial among clinicians, yet there remains a dearth of data from Ghana. We investigated the bacteria etiology of external ocular and periocular infections and antimicrobial treatment patterns among a Ghanaian ophthalmic population. Read More

PeerJ 2022 10;10:e13559. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.

Bacterial communities in and on wild hosts are increasingly appreciated for their importance in host health. Through both direct and indirect interactions, bacteria lining vertebrate gut mucosa provide hosts protection against infectious pathogens, sometimes even in distal body regions through immune regulation. In house finches (), the bacterial pathogen (MG) causes conjunctivitis, with ocular inflammation mediated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and infection triggering MG-specific antibodies. Read More

JAMA 2022 06;327(22):2231-2237

Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.

Importance: Acute infectious conjunctivitis is characterized by ocular redness and discharge, and is a common clinical entity. Evidence-based tools to aid the clinical diagnosis of viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis are lacking and may contribute to overprescribing of topical antibiotics.

Objective: To determine the relative prevalence of viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis in adults and children, and to determine which symptoms or signs are suggestive of a viral vs bacterial etiology. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 10. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Ophthalmology, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies, trends, and antibiotic resistance of bacteria collected from ocular surface or contact lens material in a German tertiary referral center from 2009 to 2019.

Methods: Microbiological data from 2009 to 2019 was analyzed. Culture-dependent microbial identification and analysis of antibiotic sensitivity was completed by the Institute of Microbiology. Read More

Vet Ophthalmol 2022 Jun 3. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To describe the cytological analysis of conjunctiva from normal camels and camels with bacterial conjunctivitis.

Animals Studied: This study was conducted on 7 normal camels and 15 camels affected with conjunctivitis. The affected camels had a history of conjunctivitis with signs including chemosis, blepharospasm, frequent blinking, and mild-to-moderate serous, mucoid, or purulent ocular discharge. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2022 May 26;22(1):497. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kosin Gospel University Hospital, 262 Gamchen-ro, Seo-gu, 49267, Busan, Korea.

Background: The bacterial genus Aggregatibacter was categorized in 2006 to accommodate the former Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and H. segnis species. Aggregatibacter kilianii is a normal resident of the human upper respiratory tract but can also cause serious infections. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2022 May;71(5)

RuminAção - Teaching, Research and Extension in Ruminants, School of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is a significant ocular disease found in confined sheep. Little information about the aetiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility is available. There is limited information on the aetiological agents involved in keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks in sheep. Read More

Can J Ophthalmol 2022 May 4. Epub 2022 May 4.

From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the initial diagnosis in the case of fungal infections of the orbit and identify factors that may influence patient outcomes.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review was conducted across 2 large academic centres to identify cases of fungal infections involving the orbit from January 1, 1998, to November 15, 2019. Data collected included patient demographics, past medical history, examination findings, diagnosis, treatment, imaging, and outcomes. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 05;70(5):1815-1816

Department of Ophthalmology, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

We present a rare case of COVID-19 associated conjunctivitis where patient presented with redness, foreign body sensation, watering, and pain. Symptoms started while patient was COVID-19 positive. On examination, severe conjunctival congestion was present along with follicles. Read More

World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022 May 3;38(6):103. Epub 2022 May 3.

Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is an ocular disease affecting bovine herds worldwide, and it causes significant economic loss. The etiologic agent of IBK is considered to be Moraxella bovis, but M. ovis and M. Read More

West Afr J Med 2022 Apr;39(4):362-368

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UniOsun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.

Background: Studies on mucous infections in HIV infected children are sparse. Cutaneous infections though common, vary in pattern and prevalence over time and location.

Objectives: To provide updates on the prevalence and pattern of muco-cutaneous infections among HIV infected children attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital and identify neglected muco-cutaneous infections. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022 Apr 26;239(4):593-596. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

University Eye Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Background: As studies have shown postsurgical polyvidone-iodine to be at least equal to postsurgical topical antibiotics, our postsurgical care regime was adjusted accordingly in 2017. Here, we retrospectively compared the postsurgical infection rate in patients who underwent strabismus surgery prior to and following this change in regimen in a routine clinical setting.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective and explorative study, data from 162 adult patients who had undergone strabismus surgery was extracted from files: 98 patients who had received topical gentamycin in a combination ointment with steroid (postsurgery) followed by 1 week of topical gentamycin with nonsteroidal antiphlogistic eye drops for 1 week (group 1) and 64 who had received polyvidone-iodine once immediately postsurgically instead. Read More

Expert Rev Vaccines 2022 Jun 26;21(6):771-781. Epub 2022 Apr 26.

Department of Immunology, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC Australia.

Introduction: commonly referred to as chlamydia (a bacterium), is a common sexually transmitted infection, and if attended to early, it can be treatable. However, if left untreated it can lead to serious consequences. infects both females and males although its occurrence in females is more common, and it can spread to the eyes causing disease and in some case blindness. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2022 Apr 22;241:145-148. Epub 2022 Apr 22.

From the Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic (C.E.B., S.A.M., B.G.M.), Rochester, Minnesota. Electronic address:

Objective: To describe the incidence and clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis in the first year of life.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Participants: All infant (≤12 months of age) residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with conjunctivitis from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2014. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 Mar 30;11(4). Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy.

Bacterial ocular infections are a worldwide health problem and, if untreated, can damage the structure of the eye and contribute to permanent disability. Knowledge of the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the main causative agents involved in ocular infections is necessary for defining an optimal antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to analyse bacterial species involved in ocular infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Read More

J AAPOS 2022 Apr 12. Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Department of Pediatrics, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado; Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Office of Research, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado.

Background: Acute infectious conjunctivitis is a common childhood illness, and the role of antibiotic treatment remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe the decision-making process providers use when managing infectious conjunctivitis, to identify factors that reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, and to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced prescribing behavior.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 providers caring for children in primary care, urgent cares, and emergency departments in Denver, Colorado. Read More

Pharmacology 2022 13;107(5-6):250-262. Epub 2022 Apr 13.

Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China.

Introduction: Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. Read More

J AAPOS 2022 Apr 2. Epub 2022 Apr 2.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. Electronic address:

Purpose: To examine state policies regarding school-age students with conjunctivitis.

Methods: Analysis included the following evidence: publicly available policies for disposition of affected students; indications for exclusion and return to classroom; and completeness of information, including mention of different etiologies of conjunctivitis; signs and symptoms of viral versus bacterial conjunctivitis; student disposition and treatment based on etiology; internally consistent recommendations; reference to credible resources; and mention of the possibility of a conjunctivitis outbreak.

Results: Fifteen of 50 states have no policies. Read More

Environ Chem Lett 2022 25;20(3):1929-1963. Epub 2022 Mar 25.

Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414 Vietnam.

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum bacterial antibiotic used against conjunctivitis, meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. As a consequence, chloramphenicol ends up polluting the aquatic environment, wastewater treatment plants, and hospital wastewaters, thus disrupting ecosystems and inducing microbial resistance. Here, we review the occurrence, toxicity, and removal of chloramphenicol with emphasis on adsorption techniques. Read More

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022 Mar 31. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Purpose: Increased ophthalmology-specific risk of novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is well-established, increasing the fear of infection and causing associated decreased rates of procedures known to save vision. However, the potential transmission from exposure to clinic instrumentation is unknown, including which additional pathogens may be spreading in this context. This study seeks to fill this gap by characterizing the microbiota of instrumentation in ophthalmology clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifying potential sources of pathogenic spread encountered by patients and healthcare workers. Read More

Polymers (Basel) 2022 Mar 11;14(6). Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Antibiotics delivered through conventional dosage against ophthalmic infections show lower therapeutic efficacy due to their low residence time. Therefore, there is a great need to design and develop novel dosage forms that would increase the ocular residence time of antibiotics at the site of infection. This study describes the development of nanoparticles laden in situ gelling solution, intended to sustain antibiotic release for improved therapeutic efficiency. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Mar 14;23(6). Epub 2022 Mar 14.

GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore 560 099, India.

Infection mediated ocular surface stress responses are activated as early defense mechanisms in response to host cell damage. Integrated stress responses initiate the host response to different types of infections and modulate the transcription of key genes and translation of proteins. The crosstalk between host and pathogen results in profound alterations in cellular and molecular homeostasis triggering specific stress responses in the infected tissues. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Apr;70(4):1327-1330

Department of Vitreo-Retina, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Purpose: To study the clinical presentations and outcomes of phthiriasis palpebrarum (PP) managed with combined treatment modality comprising of 20% fluorescein dye, mechanical removal of the ectoparasites, and topical application of antibiotic eye ointment with paraffin base.

Methods: This is a prospective interventional noncomparative hospital-based series of 13 patients of PP. All the patients underwent local application of 20% fluorescein dye over the eyelashes and eyebrows of both the eyes followed by the mechanical removal of all the ectoparasites and trimming of the eyelashes from the base followed by application of ophthalmic ointment. Read More

Br J Gen Pract 2022 05 28;72(718):e369-e377. Epub 2022 Apr 28.

'Doen of laten?', IQ Healthcare, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen.

Background: Low-value pharmaceutical care exists in general practice. However, the extent among Dutch GPs remains unknown.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of low-value pharmaceutical care among Dutch GPs. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022 03 11;16(3):e0010273. Epub 2022 Mar 11.

Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.

Trachoma is an infectious disease characterized by repeated exposures to Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) that may ultimately lead to blindness. Efficient identification of communities with high infection burden could help target more intensive control efforts. We hypothesized that IgG seroprevalence in combination with geospatial layers, machine learning, and model-based geostatistics would be able to accurately predict future community-level ocular Ct infections detected by PCR. Read More

Nephrol Ther 2022 Jun 7;18(3):189-194. Epub 2022 Mar 7.

Service de pédiatrie 1, CHU Hautepierre, 1, avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonosis with polymorphic clinical symptoms and a high variability of severity, ranging from flu-like syndrome to severe acute kidney injury. This disease is highly incident in tropical regions but there is a trend towards increasing incidence in metropolitan France and in Reunion Island. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic characteristics of the pediatric leptospirosis in metropolitan France and in Reunion Island. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2022 3;15:765-779. Epub 2022 Mar 3.

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Eye infections can cause loss or impairment of visual function and can lead to severe impairment. Bacteria are the most common pathogens that affect the structure of the eye. As a result, quick identification of the causative agents and testing of their medication susceptibility are essential for effective treatment of eye infections. Read More

BMJ 2022 03 9;376:e064287. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Microb Genom 2022 03;8(3)

Infectious Disease Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

is a leading cause of ocular infections including serious and sight-threatening conditions. The use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) has substantially reduced the incidence of pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal diseases, but has had limited impact on ocular infections. Additionally, widespread vaccine use has resulted in ongoing selective pressure and serotype replacement in carriage and disease. Read More