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J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Jul 1. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Skin Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, New York, New York 10022, USA.

Background: Pediatric melanoma is rare and diagnostically challenging.

Objective: Characterize clinical and histopathological features of fatal pediatric melanomas.

Methods: Multi-center retrospective study of fatal melanoma cases in patients under 20 years diagnosed between 1994-2017. Read More

Melanoma Res 2020 Jun 26. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Dermatology, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.

Curr Opin Pediatr 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To inform pediatric providers of the clinical characteristics, underlying genetic drivers, and therapeutic options for skin cancer arising in childhood and adolescence.

Recent Findings: The incidence of melanoma in pediatric patients has been declining in the past decades. Pediatric-specific diagnostic criteria should be utilized when assessing lesions concerning for melanoma to better account for the different presentations seen in pediatric disease compared with adults, such as an increased prevalence of amelanotic melanoma or frequent mimic of benign pediatric lesions. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2020 Jun 30. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

The spectrum of benign superficial fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors continues to expand and includes entities such as plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor, dermatomyofibroma and fibroblastic connective tissue nevus. Here, we describe a seemingly distinctive group of lesions which we have labeled "plexiform myofibroblastoma" (PM). PM is a rare superficial mesenchymal tumor of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lineage that predominantly occurs in children and young adults. Read More

J Craniofac Surg 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.

Objective: The postauricular region (PR) is an anatomic area that has been neglected until now, due to the fact that the significant cosmetic changes and features of this region are often overlooked. There are limited and inconsistent data about postauricular masses in the literature and the definition of the PR and its borders remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to define the PR and evaluate benign and malignant masses that may arise in the PR. Read More

Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2020 Jun;36(6):446-450

Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third Hospital, Wuhan Remains (Organs) Donation Registration and Skin Receiving Station, Wuhan 430060, China.

To investigate the causes of death and etiological characteristics of skin tissue donors, and to provide reference for allogeneic skin transplantation. From October 2008 to October 2018, 49 skin tissue donors accepted by the Burn Department of Wuhan Third Hospital met the inclusion criteria of this study, and a cross-sectional study was conducted. According to the cause of death, the donors were divided into accidental death group (19 cases) and non-accidental death group (30 cases). Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2020 Jun 27. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Professor of Dermatology, Beştepe mah. Yaşam Str. Adalet Sok. 13/A, Neorama Plaza, No: 17 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey.

Congenital nevi or acquired nevi are classifications of junctional melanocytic nevi. Junctional melanocytic nevi have round or ovoid shaped macular lesions with brownish colors due to the proliferation of benign nevus cells. Most of the acquired junctional melanocytic nevi (ajmn) are harmless and can be left without treatment. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Jun 24. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Dermatology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain.

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020 Jun 23. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

Department of Dermatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Am J Dermatopathol 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jimenez-Diaz, Madrid, Spain.

Deep penetrating nevus (DPN) is an intradermal, sometimes compound benign melanocytic lesion, which involves the reticular dermis, occasionally reaching the subcutis, which can raise concern for melanoma both clinically and histologically. Recently, it has been genetically defined by the combination of MAPK activating and β-catenin activating mutations. We sought to investigate genetic alterations in 2 cases of combined nevi of congenital melanocytic and DPN. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Groupe hospitalier Necker-Enfants malades, service d'anatomopathologie, AP-HP, Paris, France.

Introduction: Neonatal and infantile malignant melanoma is rare. It may be difficult to diagnose and often carries a poor prognosis.

Material And Methods: We decided to review the data on congenital, neonatal and infantile malignant melanomas in order to understand their presentation (clinical, histological, molecular), diagnosis, management and outcomes. Read More

Dermatol Ther 2020 Jun 18:e13865. Epub 2020 Jun 18.

Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.

Dermatol Ther 2020 Jun 12:e13821. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

An atypical cellular blue nevus, a benign mass, may sometimes transform into a malignant melanoma. Here, we report a rare case of melanoma arising in a large congenital vulvar blue nevus. A 28-year-old Chinese woman presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of a vulvar mass that had persisted for eight years. Read More

Indian J Surg Oncol 2020 Jun 29;11(2):306-307. Epub 2020 Jan 29.

Department of Surgical Oncology, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala India.

Congenital giant nevi are melanotic proliferations present at birth which often grow to 20 cm or more when adulthood is attained. These patients stand the risk of developing melanomas including dermal melanomas in more than 2/3rd of patients. The risk of melanoma development is highest in childhood although it can occasionally occur in adults. Read More

BMC Gastroenterol 2020 Jun 10;20(1):182. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Gastroenterology, Yinzhou Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang Rd. Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315040, China.

Background: Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by multifocal venous malformations. It remains a considerable challenge in treating the gastrointestinal (GI) venous malformations due to multiple lesions throughout the GI tract, and the likelihood of recurrence. We report a case study of BRBNS in the GI tract, in which GI venous malformations and related GI bleeding were successfully treated with a combination of multiple endoscopic procedures. Read More

Am J Surg Pathol 2020 Jun 9. Epub 2020 Jun 9.

Departments of Pathology.

Deep penetrating nevi (DPNs) are intermediate grade lesions which have the capacity to recur, metastasize, or progress to melanoma. Differentiating DPN from other melanocytic lesions including blue and cellular blue nevi can be diagnostically challenging, and markers to distinguish these entities can be useful. Mutations of the β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways have recently been elucidated as distinctive of DPN. Read More

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020 May 22. Epub 2020 May 22.

Service de dermatologie, centre de références de maladies rares de la peau et des muqueuses, université Paul-Sabatier, hôpital Larrey, CHU de Toulouse, 24, chemin du Pouvourville, 31400 Toulouse, France.

Introduction: Congenital and infantile melanomas are extremely rare. We report a case of a child presenting at birth with a giant congenital nevus complicated by melanoma and on long-term follow-up with exploration using new immunohistochemistry and molecular biology tools.

Observation: A new-born girl presented at birth with a large congenital cervico-mandibular tumour with para-pharyngeal extension and underlying osteolysis. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 May;34(5):917-918

Heim Pál National Children's Institute, Budapest, Hungary.

Hereditas 2020 May 19;157(1):21. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is a benign proliferative skin disease in the epidermis and dermis. Large to giant CMNs are estimated to be associated with an increased lifetime risk of malignancy. It is necessary to estimate and monitor the risk of malignant transformation for giant CMNs. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2020 May;49(5):458-463

Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.

To study the genetic changes and biological potential of proliferative nodule in congenital melanocytic nevus. Whole-exome sequencing was carried out using the technique of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in order to detect the genomic alterations of two cases of proliferative nodules (PN) in congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN). Twelve cases of CMN and ten cases of malignant melanoma were used as benign and malignant controls, respectively. Read More

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020 May 9. Epub 2020 May 9.

Department of Biopathology, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.

The genetic anomalies associated with the agminated variant of Spitz nevus have so far been limited to HRAS G13R mutations, especially when arising within a nevus spilus. A previous report exposed the case of a man with a giant pigmented macule involving his upper right limb and trunk. Since childhood, Spitz nevi have been periodically arising, within the pigmented area. Read More

Dermatol Pract Concept 2020 3;10(2):e2020028. Epub 2020 Apr 3.

Dermatology Clinic, Hospital Maggiore, University of Trieste, Italy.

The association of melanoma with a preexisting nevus is still a debated subject. Histopathological data support an associated nevus in approximately 30% of all excised melanomas. The annual risk of an individual melanocytic nevus becoming malignant is extremely low and has been estimated to be approximately 0. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Electronic address:

Background: No specific features of nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) are currently defined.

Objective: To identify clinical/dermoscopic features of NAM.

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of histopathologically diagnosed NAM. Read More

J Dermatol 2020 Jul 29;47(7):774-778. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #190350) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in TRPS1. We report a Thai male with TRPS1 who carried a c.1842C>T (p. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Apr 24. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Background: Screening borderline Spitz tumors with p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) has known utility. The applicability to other melanocytic neoplasms is not well defined.

Methods: Cases (N = 104) of blue, cellular blue, epithelioid blue, congenital pattern, deep penetrating, desmoplastic, desmoplastic Spitz, acral, "epithelioid" nevi, nevoid melanoma, melanoma with a precursor nevus, and non-nevoid melanoma with Breslow thickness > 0. Read More

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.

Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are cutaneous malformations whose prevalence is inversely correlated with projected adult size. CMN are caused by somatic mutations, but epidemiological studies suggest that germline genetic factors may influence CMN development. In CMN patients from the U. Read More

J Cosmet Dermatol 2020 Apr 21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Background: This study presents the results of complete excision of giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) on the auricle, forehead, or periorbital area combined with tissue expansion, and skin graft transplantation performed in two stages based on 10 years of experience.

Aims: To solve the giant congenital melanocytic nevi on the auricle, forehead, or periorbital area with two-stage operation.

Patients/methods: A total of 21 patients with GCMN were included in this study. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2020 Apr 21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Apr 20. Epub 2020 Apr 20.

Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

In inflammatory dermatoses, dermal melanophages (MLP) are ascribed to "pigment incontinence," with melanin "dropping down" from the epidermis. Although this is analogous to the "dropping down" of melanocytic nevus cells (Abtropfung); MLP in ordinary nevi have not been systematically studied-so "pigment incontinence" may not apply to MLP in nevi. A total of 31 childhood nevi identified by pediatricians and family practitioners were evaluated for the distribution of MLP. Read More

An Bras Dermatol 2020 May - Jun;95(3):404-406. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Service of Dermatology, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr 10. Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with Interest transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine; Dermatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Congenital nevi (CN) are pigmented lesions that undergo a morphological evolution during patient growth. Few data are available regarding CN and the correlation between dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) throughout life stages. This cross-sectional study aimed to correlate CN dermoscopy and RCM patterns and identify the prevalent patterns according to age groups. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2020 Jun 6;107:107061. Epub 2020 Apr 6.

Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy.

Purpose: Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare congenital syndrome characterized by giant melanocytic cutaneous nevi and melanosis within the central nervous system (CNS), often sparing leptomeninges and concentrated in the brain parenchyma. Epilepsy and neurodevelopmental abnormalities are the only complications reported in children with isolated parenchymal melanosis. A minority of patients experience drug-resistant epilepsy, and up to now, no predictors of epilepsy prognosis have been identified. Read More

J Dermatol 2020 Jun 4;47(6):658-662. Epub 2020 Apr 4.

Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genodermatosis caused by heterozygous germ line variations in the NF1 gene. A second-hit NF1 aberration results in the formation of café-au-lait macules, cutaneous neurofibroma and plexiform neurofibroma (PNF). Mosaic NF1 (mNF1), caused by a postzygotic NF1 mutation, is characterized by localized or generalized NF1-related manifestations. Read More

Dermatol Online J 2020 Feb 15;26(2). Epub 2020 Feb 15.

School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

Nevus sebaceus is a benign skin hamartoma of congenital onset that grows during puberty, and in adulthood can develop secondary benign and malignant neoplasms. The most common benign neoplasms occurring in nevus sebaceus are believed to be syringocystadenoma papilliferum, trichilemmoma, and trichoblastoma. A patient with nevus sebaceus developed not only syringocystadenoma papilliferum but also prurigo nodularis within her hamartomatous lesion; multiple biopsies were necessary to establish the diagnoses. Read More

Turk Pediatri Ars 2020 9;55(1):39-45. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, İstanbul University, Oncology Institute, İstanbul, Turkey.

Aim: Malignant melanoma is the most frequent skin cancer in children and adolescents. It comprises 1-3% of all malignancies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical aspects, histopathologic features, and treatment outcomes of our patients with malignant melanoma. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2020 7;2020:3074742. Epub 2020 Mar 7.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-1191, Japan.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common skin cancers. In the treatment of cSCC, it is necessary to remove it completely, and reconstructive surgery, such as a skin graft or a local or free flap, will be required, depending on the size, with donor-site morbidity posing a burden to the patient. The high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technique has been developed as a physical method of decellularizing various tissues. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Mar 23. Epub 2020 Mar 23.

Laboratorio Recavarren Emanuel, Clínica Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru.

Background And Objective: Located on chromosome locus 5p15.33, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT or hTERT) encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase which permits lengthening and preservation of telomeres following mitosis. Mutations in TERT promoter (TERT-p) upregulate expression of TERT, allowing survival of malignant cells and tumor progression in wide variety of malignancies including melanoma. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020 Apr 20;18(4):396-399. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.

Diagn Cytopathol 2020 Jun 17;48(6):564-566. Epub 2020 Mar 17.

Department of Pathology, V.M.M.C and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Malignant melanomas in the pediatric age are remarkably rare representing 0.9% of various pediatric malignancies. Congenital nevi occur in 1 in 100 newborns, whereas giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) measuring more than 20 cm is seen in 1 in 20 000 cases. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2020 Mar 14. Epub 2020 Mar 14.

Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Background: Congenital smooth muscle hamartomas (CSMHs) are benign lesions that share clinical and histopathological features with Becker nevus, a mosaic disorder associated with post-zygotic ACTB mutations. Given the clinical and histopathological overlap between CSMH and Becker nevus, we hypothesized that post-zygotic mutations in ACTB may underlie CSMH.

Methods: Direct sequencing of ACTB gene in affected and unaffected tissue isolated from one case of hemihypertrichosis and hemihypertrophy corresponding to giant segmental CSMH and hemihypertrophy. Read More

Int J Legal Med 2020 May 12;134(3):1141-1148. Epub 2020 Mar 12.

Institute of Legal Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.

Mongolian spots (MS) are congenital dermal conditions resulting from neural crest-derived melanocytes migration to the skin during embryogenesis. MS incidences are highly variable in different populations. Morphologically, MS present as hyperpigmented maculae of varying size and form, ranging from round spots of 1 cm in diameter to extensive discolorations covering predominantly the lower back and buttocks. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2020 May 10;37(3):541-544. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Dermatology and Reference Center for Genodermatoses and Rare Skin Diseases (MAGEC), APHP, Institut Imagine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

We report the case of a child who presented with a giant melanocytic nevus with numerous satellite nevi at birth and developed hypophosphatemic rickets due to excessive secretion of the FGF23 hormone. A NRAS c.182A>G (Q61R) mutation was identified in the lesional skin. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2020 Apr 3;36(4):501-512. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.

Purpose: The role of surgery in the management of congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) is controversial. Data on surgical outcomes and predictors of satisfaction remain scarce.

Methods: An online survey was employed following worldwide recruitment of youth aged 14-25 years (n = 44) and parents of children ≤ 18 years (n = 249) with CMN to query patterns of treatment and satisfaction with and opinions about the benefits of surgery. Read More

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2020 Feb;155(1):65-75

Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy -

Nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) is defined on histopathological basis by the coexistence of melanoma and nevus components. Melanomas developing on pre-existing congenital or acquired nevi are usually of the superficial spreading subtype and harbor the BRAFV600E mutation. NAM accounts for almost one-third of melanoma cases As compared to de novo melanoma, NAM develops on younger patients, is more frequently located on the trunk, and is associated with a high nevus count, light eye color and history of frequent sunburns. Read More

J Prim Care Community Health 2020 Jan-Dec;11:2150132720907430

University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

Vision screening in infants is an important part of the medical care of children as some eye abnormalities, if not treated in the first few months or years of life, can lead to irreversible vision loss. The objective of this cross-sectional, descriptive study was to identify ocular anomalies among infants attending immunization clinics in Nigeria and refer promptly and appropriately. Infants were screened across 6 immunization clinics. Read More

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2020 Jul 10;33(4):633-636. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2020 Feb 20. Epub 2020 Feb 20.

Centro de Diagnostico Dermatológico, Bogotá, Colombia; Fundación Santafe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.

Biomed Res Int 2020 30;2020:9478789. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-Machi, Hirakata City, Osaka 573-1191, Japan.

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a physical method for inactivating cells or tissues without using chemicals such as detergents. We previously reported that HHP at 200 MPa for 10 min was able to inactivate all cells in skin and giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) without damaging the extracellular matrix. We also reported that HHP at 150 MPa for 10 min was not sufficient to inactivate them completely, while HHP at 200 MPa for 10 min was able to inactivate them completely. Read More