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Dermatol Online J 2019 Mar 15;25(3). Epub 2019 Mar 15.

Texas A & M University College of Medicine, College Station, Texas.

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by susceptibility to beta-genus human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Owing to TMC6/EVER1 and TMC8/EVER2 mutations that lead to abnormal transmembrane channels in the endoplasmic reticulum involved in immunological pathways, keratinocytes cannot combat infection from non-pathogenic HPV strains. Mutations involving RHOH, MST-1, CORO1A, and IL-7 have also been associated with EV in patients without TMC6 or TMC8 mutations. Read More

Cureus 2019 Jan 25;11(1):e3956. Epub 2019 Jan 25.

Dermatology, San Diego Family Dermatology, San Diego, USA.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is an endocrine disorder diagnosed commonly in young women. Various cutaneous manifestations can include acanthosis nigricans, acne, hirsutism, and alopecia. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a rare skin condition that may be associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Read More

Med J Malaysia 2018 Oct;73(5):338-339

Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Department of Dermatology, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) was first described in 1927 by Gougerot and further characterised by Carteud.1 It is relatively rare, and the exact pathophysiology was not well known. Over the years, multiple treatment modalities were proposed. Read More

J Cutan Med Surg 2018 May/Jun;22(3):330-332. Epub 2018 Apr 22.

1 Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.

JAAD Case Rep 2018 Jan 19;4(1):77-80. Epub 2017 Dec 19.

Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2017 Sep 1;10(9):30-35. Epub 2017 Sep 1.

Dr. Fite is with Shenandoah Dermatology in Staunton, Virginia.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrine disorder with a variety of dermatologic manifestations among young women. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is a rare dermatosis of unknown etiology that is seldom reported in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. We describe the case of a young woman with obesity, confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, and concurrent acanthosis nigricans. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2017;26:207. Epub 2017 Apr 17.

Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Cadi Ayyad, Service de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, CHU Mohammed VI, Marrakech, Maroc.

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2017 Aug 30;15(8):836-838. Epub 2017 May 30.

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Dermatology, University of Udine, Italy.

Rev Med Chil 2016 Nov;144(11):1494-1496

Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Gougerot and Carteaud confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CARP) is an uncommon dermatosis characterized by hyperpigmented scaly macules or papillomatous papules coalescing into confluent patches or plaques centrally with a reticular pattern peripherally. We report a 28-year-old woman presenting at 16 weeks of gestation with an itchy rash that was biopsied and turned out to be consistent with CARP. Options for treatment were discussed but the woman refused to take any systemic therapy and used only moisturizers throughout her pregnancy. Read More

J Dermatol 2017 Aug 11;44(8):954-958. Epub 2017 Mar 11.

Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.

Concomitant confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) and acanthosis nigricans (AN) is rare. We present a case of concomitant CRP and obesity-associated AN in a 12-year-old obese Japanese girl. Curiously, oral minocycline therapy, which has been shown to be effective for CRP, was effective against both CRP and AN. Read More

Actas Dermosifiliogr 2018 Mar 3;109(2):e7-e11. Epub 2017 Mar 3.

E.S.E Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, also known as Gougerot-Carteaud Syndrome, is a rare chronic disease typically affecting young adults. Of unknown etiology, the condition is characterised by oval grayish-brown or erythematous papules that coalesce to form a reticular pattern, usually on the trunk, especially in the intermammary or interscapular region and on the neck. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the lesions, the areas affected, and the response to treatment with minocycline. Read More

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016 Dec;14(12):1303-1305

Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016 25;9:217-23. Epub 2016 Aug 25.

Department of Dermatology, National Skin Centre.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) of Gougerot and Carteaud was first typified in 1927. With the help of electron microscopy, it has been elucidated that CRP arises due to aberrant keratinization. However, till date, there is no clear consensus on the etiologic trigger for CRP. Read More

Case Rep Dermatol Med 2016 5;2016:2507542. Epub 2016 Apr 5.

Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Teaching Hospital of Treichville, BP 3, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Goujerot-Carteaud is a rare and benign skin disease characterized by flat papules taking a reticulated appearance. It is a skin disease of unknown etiology and nosology that is always discussed. This disease preferentially involves the chest and interscapular regions. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2015 Dec 28;42(12):944-952. Epub 2015 Sep 28.

Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

Background: Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is an uncommon dermatosis with a reticular pattern. As differentiation between CRP and benign acanthosis nigricans (AN) can be challenging because of their similar clinicopathological features, we aimed to distinguish the two diseases.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical characteristics of 60 CRP and 30 AN patients. Read More

J Dermatol 2015 Mar 23;42(3):335-6. Epub 2015 Jan 23.

Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2014 Oct 22;31(5):335-7. Epub 2014 Oct 22.

Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nan Jing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Head of Department: Prof. Dan Luo.

Ann Dermatol 2014 Jun 12;26(3):409-10. Epub 2014 Jun 12.

Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Department of Dermatology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

An Bras Dermatol 2014 May-Jun;89(3):507-9

Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud is a dermatosis that despite showing characteristic clinical signs is often poorly recognized and diagnosed. The authors present a case with extensive skin involvement, discuss its association with obesity and describe dermoscopic findings making the histopathological correlation. Read More

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2014 ;22(1):57-9

Gürol AÇIKGÖZ, MD Assistant Professor of Dermatology Department of Dermatology, Gülhane School of Medicine Etlik, Ankara 06018,Turkey;

G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2013 Dec;148(6):609-19

Division of Dermatology Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine University of Florence, Florence, Italy -

Although Malassezia yeasts are a part of the normal microflora, under certain conditions they can cause superficial skin infection, such as pityriasis versicolor (PV) and Malassezia folliculitis. Moreover the yeasts of the genus Malassezia have been associated with seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and, less commonly, with confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, onychomycosis, and transient acantholytic dermatosis. The study of the clinical role of Malassezia species has been surrounded by controversy due to the relative difficulty in isolation, cultivation, and identification. Read More

J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2013 Dec;16(1):S58

Pediatric Endocrinology, Montefiore Medical Center Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA.

Reported is a patient with severe alopecia areata, multiple autoimmune diseases (chronic lymphocytic thyroidis, primary ovarian failure), and Down syndrome. She had a poor response to topical treatment with glucocorticoids and minoxidil, but showed some improvement with glucocorticoid injections. At the time of evaluation, she had hair loss on 85-90% of her scalp. Read More

Int J Dermatol 2014 Feb 10;53(2):137-41. Epub 2013 Dec 10.

Eisenhower Medical Center, Rancho Mirage, CA and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

In this article, we review the salient features of tinea versicolor and describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and histopathology of this mycosis in dark-skinned individuals. Tinea versicolor is caused by an overgrowth of the Malassezia genus. It manifests clinically as asymptomatic hypopigmented macules, hyperpigmented macules, or a combination of the two. Read More

J Am Acad Dermatol 2013 Oct;69(4):e193-5

Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Electronic address:

J Clin Microbiol 2013 Jun 27;51(6):1977-8. Epub 2013 Mar 27.

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The clinical significance of Dietzia papillomatosis is for the moment limited to the rare skin disease confluent and reticulated papillomatosis. We present a case of infection with D. papillomatosis in a 2-year-old boy with known syringomyelia. Read More

Acta Derm Venereol 2013 Jul;93(4):493-4

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University, Chalubinskiego 1, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.

Acta Derm Venereol 2013 Mar;93(2):202-3

Int J Dermatol 2013 Apr 18;52(4):513-4. Epub 2012 Apr 18.

Arch Dermatol 2012 Apr;148(4):505-8

Department of Dermatology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 219 N Broad St, Fourth Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Background: Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CARP), also known as Gougerot-Carteaud syndrome, is a rare disorder. It usually presents as hyperkeratotic brown papules that coalesce into plaques with a reticulated periphery on the central trunk of young adults. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis is most often clinically confused with tinea versicolor and usually does not respond to therapy with antifungals. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013 Jan 3;27(1):e119-23. Epub 2011 Nov 3.

Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Lebanon.

Background: Confluent and reticulate papillomatosis (CRP) is a rare disorder that has mostly been described in case reports and limited case series. Studies on this condition from our region are lacking.

Objective/methods: To describe the clinical and histopathological findings, as well as response to treatment of all patients diagnosed with CRP at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUB-MC) between 1999 and 2009, and to compare our findings with those published in the literature. Read More

Arch Dermatol 2011 Feb;147(2):247-8

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2010 Nov-Dec;76(6):725

Eur J Dermatol 2010 Nov-Dec;20(6):833-5. Epub 2010 Oct 12.

J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2010 Jul;3(7):56-7

A 15-year-old Caucasian boy with a diagnosis of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis who had received numerous treatments with minimal responses cleared with a 20-week course of 13-cis-retinoic acid and has remained in remission. It is important to consider the use of oral retinoids in the treatment of this stubborn, unsightly, and psychologically upsetting disease. Read More

J Dermatol 2010 Aug;37(8):749-50

Ann Dermatol Venereol 2010 Jun-Jul;137(6-7):451-4. Epub 2010 May 20.

Centre de référence des maladies rares de la peau, service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, 1, rue Jean-Burguet, 33075 Bordeaux cedex, France.

Background: We report three patients with brown hyperkeratotic lesions of the face. Two cases have been published [Boralevi et al. (2006)] under the title "Hyperkeratotic Head and Neck Malassezia Dermatosis (HHNMD)". Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009 Nov 11;23(11):1342-3. Epub 2009 Mar 11.

An Bras Dermatol 2009 Jan-Feb;84(1):78-81

Escola de Medicina, Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Vitória, ES, Brazil.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud is a rare dermatosis of unknown etiology. There are numerous therapeutic options--topical retinoids and systemic retinoids, oral antibiotics, etc, and most present poor results. The authors describe three cases of the disease in two female and one male adult subjects, with characteristic lesions--papules become confluent in the center and reticulated in the periphery--and discuss etiological and therapeutical aspects of the disease. Read More

J Dermatol 2009 Apr;36(4):251-3

Acta Derm Venereol 2009 ;89(1):84-5

Gac Med Mex 2008 Jan-Feb;144(1):67-70

Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital General "Manuel Gea González", SSA, México D.F., México.

Confluent and reticulated Gougerot-Carteaud papillomatosis is an uncommon dermatological condition that affects adolescents, especially young women with dark skin types. It presents itself as asymptomatic pigmented patches with a papillomatous texture that coalesce to form reticular plaques localized in the neck and intertriginous areas. The cause of this disease is unknown, although an abnormal keratinization has been implicated and sometimes has been associated with Malassezia sp. Read More

Pediatr Dermatol 2008 May-Jun;25(3):405-6

Department of Dermatology, A Sygros Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

A 13-year-old patient with typical findings of transgrediens et progrediens palmoplantar keratoderma that developed confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud is presented. Although coexistence of the two disorders might be coincidental, the possibility of common pathogenetic pathways resulting in alterations of keratinization could be of investigational interest. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2008 Jun;68(6):628-9

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009 Mar 4;23(3):358-9. Epub 2008 Jun 4.

Ann Dermatol 2008 Jun 30;20(2):94-7. Epub 2008 Jun 30.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is characterized by symmetric, velvety, gray-brown hypertrophied plaques most commonly on the axillae and neck. Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is manifested by papules in the mid-chest that coalesce in the midline, and are arranged in a reticulated pattern peripherally. Both diseases are known to be related to endocrinopathies such as diabetes mellitus (DM), an insulin resistant state and obesity with unknown mechanisms. Read More

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008 Sep 28;22(9):1140-2. Epub 2008 Apr 28.

Pediatr Ann 2007 Dec;36(12):810, 812-3

Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2008 Jan;58(Pt 1):68-72

School of Biology, King George VIth Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.

An actinomycete isolated from an immunocompetent patient suffering from confluent and reticulated papillomatosis was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties that were consistent with its assignment to the genus Dietzia and it formed a distinct phyletic line within the Dietzia 16S rRNA gene tree. It shared a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98. Read More

Br J Dermatol 2007 Mar;156(3):583-4