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Neuroendocrinology 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Background: Neurosteroids modulate epileptic activity by interacting with the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, but their brain levels are still undetermined.

Objectives: We aimed to establish levels of neurosteroids in the neocortex and hippocampus by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in epileptic rats.

Methods: Kainic acid-treated rats were continuously monitored up to 9 weeks to determine the seizure frequency by video electrocorticography (n=23), and compared to age-matched controls monitored in the same manner (n=11). Read More

J Neural Eng 2020 Jun 3. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, UNITED STATES.

Objective: Developing a new neuromodulation method for epilepsy treatment requires a large amount of time and resources to find effective stimulation parameters and often fails due to inter-subject variability in stimulation effect. As an alternative, we present a novel data-driven surrogate approach which can optimize the neuromodulation efficiently by investigating the stimulation effect on surrogate neural states.

Approach: Medial septum (MS) optogenetic stimulation was applied for modulating electrophysiological activities of the hippocampus in a rat temporal lobe epilepsy model. Read More

Cell Rep 2020 Jun;31(9):107710

Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address:

Endocannabinoids protect against seizures, but their mechanism of action is still unclear, as they can have effects independent of known cannabinoid receptors. Using Drosophila melanogaster, which lacks canonical cannabinoid receptors, we report that the endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol protect against seizures in multiple fly seizure models. Surprisingly, inhibition of anandamide catabolism renders flies insensitive to protection by anandamide, indicating that anandamide metabolites are responsible for seizure protection. Read More

Chaos 2020 May;30(5):051108

Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

In many real-life systems, transient chaotic dynamics plays a major role. For instance, the chaotic spiral or scroll wave dynamics of electrical excitation waves during life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias can terminate by itself. Epileptic seizures have recently been related to the collapse of transient chimera states. Read More

Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2020 May 1;78(5):247-254. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: Seizures are a neurological condition commonly experienced during the follow-up period after systemic or metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to determine the etiological factors of seizures in patients at a tertiary care chest clinic.

Methods: We reviewed all neurology consultations that were requested due to seizures in inpatient clinics in a tertiary care hospital specializing in respiratory disorders between January 2011 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020 ;120(4):51-59

Federal Center for Cerebrovascular Pathology and Stroke, Moscow, Russia.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy of epileptic syndromes associated with myoclonic seizures.

Material And Methods: One hundred and three patients with epilepsy, in whom myoclonic seizures were identified during the observation, were examined. The observed myoclonic seizures entered the structure of 11 different epileptic syndromes. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 29;12(4):e7889. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Neuropsychology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUS.

Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Neurological involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) corresponds to three situations: (a) neurological manifestations of viral infection, (b) post-infective neurological complications, and (c) infection in patients with neurological co-morbidity. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 29;12(4):e7888. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Pediatrics, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK.

Seizures, not a typical feature of hypoparathyroidism, may present along with myalgia and tetany in patients of hypoparathyroidism. Thorough history and examination, derangement of biochemical parameters such as hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and inappropriately low levels of parathyroid hormone, along with basal ganglia calcification as seen on imaging, lead to the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism in a 10-year-old child who presented to us. Treatment with calcium and active vitamin D significantly improved his condition. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 29;12(4):e7887. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Neurology, Federal University of Ceara, Sobral, BRA.

The diagnosis of parkinsonism is established by the presence of tremor, stiffness and bradykinesia alongside with neurological examination, requiring the exclusion of secondary causes such as stroke, hydrocephalus and infectious diseases. Included in this last category, neurocysticercosis is a disease caused by Taenia solium, with a variable clinical presentation that can include epileptic seizures, hydrocephalus and rarely parkinsonism. In the reported case, the syndrome is a consequence of lesions in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway caused by the implant and mass effect of the cysticercus. Read More

Indian J Anaesth 2020 Apr 28;64(4):325-327. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Surya Children Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Rett syndrome is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder which occurs in females and includes autism, spasticity, hypotonia, microcephaly, scoliosis, stereotyping, abnormal respiratory control and seizures. They are at an increased predisposition for QT interval prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. An 8-year-old severely intellectually impaired girl with Rett syndrome was referred to us for anaesthesia for multiple dental abscess drainage and rehabilitation. Read More

J Mol Neurosci 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.

Epitranscriptomic systems enable post-transcriptional modifications of cellular RNA that are essential for regulating gene expression. Of the ~ 170 known RNA chemical modifications, methylation is among the most common. Loss of function mutations in NSUN3, encoding the 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methyltransferase NSun3, have been linked to multisystem mitochondrial disease associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency. Read More

Z Gerontol Geriatr 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Universitätsklinik für Geriatrie, Medizinische Klinik 2 - Schwerpunkt Geriatrie, Klinikum Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Campus Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland.

Old age is a strong independent risk factor for hyponatremia. Dizziness, fatigue, reduced vigilance, cognitive impairment, gait deficits, nausea, vomiting, headache, falls, osteoporosis and fractures, coma and seizures are more frequent and severe than in middle-aged patients. Hyponatremia is mainly caused by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion and also including drugs. Read More

J Neurol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen-Straße 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.

Background: Seizures are an important comorbidity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Conflicting results regarding clinical parameters associated with seizures in AD were previously reported. Data on seizure recurrence risk, a crucial parameter for treatment decisions, are lacking. Read More

J Neurol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.

Background: Little is known about newly developed stroke in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate characteristics and outcomes of newly developed stroke in patients admitted to the non-neurological intensive care units (ICU-onset stroke, IOS).

Methods: A consecutive series of adult patients who were admitted to the non-neurological ICU were included in this study. Read More

Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2020 Jun;26(3):675-694

Purpose Of Review: Nervous system tissues have high metabolic demands and other unique vulnerabilities that place them at high risk of injury in the context of critical medical illness. This article describes the neurologic complications that are commonly encountered in patients who are critically ill from medical diseases and presents strategies for their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

Recent Findings: Chronic neurologic disability is common after critical medical illness and is a major factor in the quality of life for survivors of critical illness. Read More

Anticancer Res 2020 Jun;40(6):3499-3504

Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A.

Background/aim: Seizures represent a major problem for patients with brain metastases. This study evaluated the role of seizures in patients receiving single-fraction radiosurgery (SRS) or multi-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT).

Patients And Methods: This retrospective study included 195 patients receiving SRS (n=164) or FSRT (n=31) alone for one to three brain metastases. Read More

Anticancer Res 2020 Jun;40(6):3429-3434

Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A.

Background/aim: Seizures are a serious condition for patients with brain metastases. Prevalence, risk factors and a potential association of seizures with survival prior to whole-brain irradiation (WBI) for cerebral metastases were retrospectively investigated.

Patients And Methods: In 1,934 patients, the prevalence of pre-treatment seizures (pre-WBI) was determined. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Jun 1;13(6). Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Internal Medicine, SCL Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Neurotoxicity is an unusual side effect of carbapenems, and it has been reported most commonly presenting as seizures, encephalopathy and hallucinations. Ertapenem neurotoxicity most classically presents as seizures in patients with end-stage renal disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m). Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2020 May 30;21(11). Epub 2020 May 30.

Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cationic membrane channels of the TRP superfamily. They are largely expressed in the hippocampus and are able to modulate neuronal functions. Accordingly, they have been involved in different hippocampal functions such as learning processes and different types of memories, as well as hippocampal dysfunctions such as seizures. Read More

Vet Med Sci 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

The Potter-Hawkins Group LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

A veterinarian and pet owner survey (Project Jake) examined the use and safety of isoxazoline parasiticides given to dogs. Data were received during August 1-31, 2018 from a total of 2,751 survey responses. Forty-two percent (1,157) reported no flea treatment or adverse events (AE), while 58% (1594) had been treated with some parasiticide for flea control, and of those that received a parasiticide, the majority, or 83% (1,325), received an isooxazoline. Read More

Seizure 2020 May 11;80:18-23. Epub 2020 May 11.

University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom; Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Purpose: This study identifies epilepsy-related characteristics and SUDEP risk factors in people with epilepsy (PWE) attending an urban community ID service in the UK where managing epilepsy is not part of the service remit, to understand the care provided to this vulnerable population.

Methods: An electronic database search in a north London community ID service (catchment population approx. 290,000) identified relevant ID/epilepsy characteristics in PWE to compare those with mild ID to moderate-profound ID. Read More

Forensic Sci Int 2020 Apr 28;313:110221. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

University of Portsmouth, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, 141 High Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2HY, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Recent media reports document the plight of the Pangolin and its current position as "the most trafficked mammal in the world". They are described by some as scaly anteaters as all species are covered in hard keratinous tissue in the form of overlapping scales acting as a "flexible dermal armour". It is estimated that between 2011 and 2013, 117,000-234,000 pangolins were slaughtered, but the seizures may only represent as little as 10% of the true volume of pangolins being illegally traded. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2020 May 30:112998. Epub 2020 May 30.

Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Natural bear bile powder (NBBP) has been used to treat seizures for thousands of years, but its application is greatly restricted due to ethical reasons. Cultured bear bile powder (CBBP), which is produced by biotransformation, may be an appropriate substitute for NBBP. However, the anti-convulsant effects of CBBP and its mechanisms remain unclear. Read More

Neurosci Lett 2020 May 30:135097. Epub 2020 May 30.

Altinsehir Mahallesi 326. sokak No:7 Daire:20, NILÜFER, Bursa, Turkey.

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the usefulness of Orexin-A levels in differentiating between epileptic seizures and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in patients presenting to the emergency service with epileptic seizure-type symptoms.

Methods: A total of 80 individuals were included in this study, including 59 who presented to the emergency service within the first four hours of having been diagnosed with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (39 with epileptic seizures (ES) and 20 with pseudoseizures (PNES) and 21 controls. Orexin-A levels were measured in venous blood samples. Read More

Epilepsia 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.

Objective: To determine the role of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in posttraumatic epileptogenesis using long-term video-electroencephalographic (vEEG) recordings. Here, differences in EEG were analyzed between wild-type (WT) and AQP4 knockout (KO) mice and between mice with and without posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE).

Methods: WT and AQP4 KO mice were subjected to a single controlled cortical impact traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the frontal cortex, and vEEG was recorded in the ipsilateral hippocampus at 14, 30, 60, and 90 days postinjury (dpi). Read More

Epilepsia 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Vaud University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Reliably detecting focal seizures without secondary generalization during daily life activities, chronically, using convenient portable or wearable devices, would offer patients with active epilepsy a number of potential benefits, such as providing more reliable seizure count to optimize treatment and seizure forecasting, and triggering alarms to promote safeguarding interventions. However, no generic solution is currently available to reach these objectives. A number of biosignals are sensitive to specific forms of focal seizures, in particular heart rate and its variability for seizures affecting the neurovegetative system, and accelerometry for those responsible for prominent motor activity. Read More

Conserv Biol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom.

Seizures of hundreds of jaguar heads and canines in Central and South America from 2014 to 2018 resulted in worldwide media coverage suggesting that wildlife traffickers are trading jaguar body parts as substitutes for tiger parts to satisfy the demand for traditional Asian medicine. We compiled a data set of >1000 seized wild cats (jaguar [Panthera onca], puma [Puma concolor], ocelot [Leopardus pardalis]) from 19 Central and South American countries and China. We ran generalized additive mixed models to detect trends in wild-cat seizures from 2012 to 2018 and assess the effects of socioeconomic factors of source countries and between those countries and China on the number of wild cats seized. Read More

Cureus 2020 Apr 27;12(4):e7862. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Medicine, Nishtar Hospital, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, PAK.

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) usually manifests in early life. Clinical hallmarks of the disease are mitochondrial myopathies, encephalopathy with stroke-like episodes, seizures, and lactic acidosis. It rarely manifests in late adulthood. Read More

J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Surgery, Section-Neurosurgery, Clincian Investigator Program, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences.

Background: The role of high-field 3-Tesla intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (I-MRI) during awake craniotomy (AC) has not been extensively studied. We report the feasibility and safety of AC during 3-Tesla I-MRI.

Methods: This retrospective descriptive report compared 3 groups: AC with minimal sedation and I-MRI; I-MRI-guided craniotomy under general anesthesia (GA), and; AC without I-MRI. Read More

J Genet 2020 ;99

Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226 014, India.

Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare genetic developmental disorder characterized, by intellectual disability, seizures, streaks of hypo- or hyperpigmentation and characteristic dysmorphic features. PKS is characterized by the presence of cytogenetic abnormality in form of a supernumerary isochromosome 12p, in a tissue limited mosaicism. The isochromosome 12p is usually not detected in karyotype done from peripheral blood. Read More

Neurology 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Neurology. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide since December 2019. Neurological symptoms have been reported as part of the clinical spectrum of the disease. We aim to determine whether neurological manifestations are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and to describe their main characteristics. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(22):e20507

Department of Rehabilitation, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.

Rationale: Asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD) refers to a congenital metabolic abnormality caused by mutation in the asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene encoded by chromosome 7q21. Herein, we report the first case of ASNSD in China, in which novel ASNS mutations were identified.

Patient Concerns: A 6-month-old boy presented with a 4-month history of microcephaly and psychomotor developmental retardation and a 2-month history of epilepsy. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(22):e20110

Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hospital, Gwangju City, Republic of Korea.

Rationale: Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked recessive trait and a rare disease characterized by abnormal myelin formation in the central nervous system. Since Pelizaeus and Merzbacher reported the pathology of PMD in the 1990s most studies have examined pharmacological treatments. No studies have reported the effects of rehabilitation on patients with PMD aimed at improving their functional abilities. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2020 May 29;110:107153. Epub 2020 May 29.

Dept. of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address:

Objective: The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of parental hopes and worries before and subsequent experiences two years after their child had undergone epilepsy surgery.

Methods: The parents of 107 children and young people who underwent epilepsy surgery at a single center completed surveys focusing on hopes and concerns before surgery and subsequent experiences at two-year follow-up. Responses were analyzed by thematic analysis. Read More

Epilepsy Behav 2020 May 15;110:107164. Epub 2020 May 15.

Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, I Clinic of Neurology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. Electronic address:

Seizure 2020 May 14;80:12-17. Epub 2020 May 14.

Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. Electronic address:

Purpose: To evaluate barbiturate anaesthetic therapy using thiamylal for febrile refractory status epilepticus (fRSE) in children.

Methods: This was a review of a prospectively-collected database between April 2012-March 2016 for fRSE cases treated with thiamylal anaesthetic therapy in a single paediatric hospital in Japan. The sample comprised 23 children (median age, 23 months) with fRSE that underwent thiamylal anaesthetic therapy for convulsive seizures lasting longer than 60 min, sustained after intravenous administration of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsants. Read More

J Neuroimmunol 2020 May 23;345:577268. Epub 2020 May 23.

Neurology Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

We report six patients with anti-LGI1 associated epilepsy. Two patients presented with new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures, four developed faciobrachial dystonic seizures and two piloerection. All patients had significant cognitive complaints at the time of diagnosis. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2020 May 22;164:106372. Epub 2020 May 22.

Epilepsy Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Foundation of Epileptology, Warsaw, Poland; Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address:

Studies across countries and time periods have demonstrated insufficient pregnancy-related knowledge in women with epilepsy (WWE) of childbearing age. To assess the current state of such knowledge as well as the relevant time-related changes over 16 years in Poland, we conducted a study of WWE using a questionnaire developed in 2003. The participants were 656 WWE of childbearing age who completed online and paper-based questionnaires. Read More

World Neurosurg 2020 May 29. Epub 2020 May 29.

Department of Neurosurgery, Ondokuz Mayis University Samsun, TurkeyPostal address: Körfez, 19 Mayis Üniversitesi, 55270 Atakum/Samsun, Turkey; Department of Neurosurgery, VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Samsun, TurkeyPostal address: Mimarsinan, Alparslan Blv. No:17, 55200 Atakum/Samsun, Turkey.

Background: Reports on neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have attracted broad attention. We present the unusual case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking a glial tumor.

Case Description: A 35-year-old woman presented with headache and seizures. Read More

Mov Disord Clin Pract 2020 Feb 8;7(2):228-229. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Epilepsy Unit, Department of Human Neurosciences "Sapienza" University Rome Italy.

PLoS One 2020 1;15(6):e0234082. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Objectives: To investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuron-specific enolase (CSF-NSE) during the first 72 hours correlate with other tools used to assess ongoing brain damage, including clinical grading of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), abnormal patterns in amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as with the neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age.

Material And Methods: Prospective observational study performed in two hospitals between 2009 and 2011. Forty-three infants diagnosed with HIE within 6 hours of life were included. Read More

PLoS One 2020 1;15(6):e0234070. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Department of Medical Anthropology, Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland.

Pharmacotherapy with two antiepileptic drugs in combination is usually prescribed to epilepsy patients with refractory seizures. The choice of antiepileptic drugs in combination should be based on synergistic cooperation of the drugs with respect to suppression of seizures. The selection of synergistic interactions between antiepileptic drugs is challenging issue for physicians, especially, if 25 antiepileptic drugs are currently available and approved to treat epilepsy patients. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

We developed a focused set of original hybrid pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives with potent anticonvulsant and antinociceptive properties. These hybrid compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum protective activity in a range of mouse models, such as the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures (scPTZ), and the 6 Hz (32 mA) seizures. Compound 22 showed the most potent anticonvulsant activity (ED50 MES = 23. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2020 Jun 1. Epub 2020 Jun 1.

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the detrimental outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in recurrent seizures which impact daily life. However, the pathological relationship between PTE and TBI remains unclear, and commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are ineffective against PTE. Fortunately, emerging research implicates neuroinflammation particularly the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) as the key mediator for PTE development. Read More