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Int Med Case Rep J 2021 31;14:205-210. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Division of Plastic Reconstruction, Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Introduction: Ophthalmic trauma is defined as injuries affecting the ocular structures, including the globe, eyelid, lacrimal system, and surrounding orbital walls. Blunt trauma acts as the leading cause of injury and it may affect both the anterior and posterior parts of the globe. Prompt diagnosis, early management, and sustained follow-up are mandatory for an optimal outcome. Read More

Biomater Sci 2020 Sep;8(18):5196-5209

Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

The management of corneal infections often requires complex therapeutic regimens involving the prolonged and high-frequency application of antibiotics that provide many challenges to patients and impact compliance with the therapeutic regimens. In the context of severe injuries that lead to tissue defects (e.g. Read More

World J Plast Surg 2018 May;7(2):231-234

Shanthi Nursing Home, Surandai, Tirunelveli, India.

Traumatic injuries of ear range from simple lacerations to complex avulsions and crush injuries. The complicating factors involved are cartilage involvement, poor vascularity of the region and need for high cosmetic satisfaction. Various techniques have been described for reconstruction of earlobe after traumatic injuries. Read More

Clin Sports Med 2017 Apr;36(2):315-335

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address:

In cases of head trauma, the ear should be evaluated in all of its components. A good understanding of otologic and skull base anatomy enables a thorough trauma assessment of this complex anatomic region. Auricular laceration, abrasion, avulsion, hematoma, frostbite, otitis externa, exostosis, tympanic membrane perforation, ossicular discontinuity, perilymphatic fistula, labyrinthine concussion, temporal bone fracture, facial nerve paresis, and sensorineural hearing loss are a few of the more common otologic injuries seen in active patients. Read More

Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2012 Dec;10(2):40-7

Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Science University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Objective: The study was to appraise the level of expertise in the management of Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid (NOE) fractures and to provide recommendation for necessary improvement in an African population.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire was designed and electronically mailed to Nigerian Oral & Maxillofacial surgeons, Plastic and Reconstructive surgeons, and Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons to assess their perspectives and practices in the diagnosis and management of NOE fractures. Further administration of questionnaire was done at the AO (Association of Osteosynthesis) principle course in Lagos, January, 2010. Read More

Br J Sports Med 2012 Dec 12;46(16):1134-6. Epub 2012 Sep 12.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.

Hurling is an Irish national game of stick and ball known for its ferocity, played by 190 000 players. Facial injuries were common but have been significantly reduced by legislation enforcing compulsory helmet wearing. Current standard helmets worn by hurlers do not offer protection to the external ear. Read More

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009 Apr 24;73(4):589-91. Epub 2009 Jan 24.

Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Sciences, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, Wauwatosa, WI 53226, United States.

Objective: To determine the effect of a dedicated otomicroscope in the emergency department (ED) management of complex ear foreign bodies (FB).

Methods: Prospective analysis of 85 patients with complex pediatric ear FB's.

Results: 65 (76%) of 85 FB's were successfully removed in the ED. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2007 Feb;25(1):83-99

SAUSHEC Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, MCHE-EM, 3851 Roger Brooke Dr., Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234-6200, USA.

Many lacerations seen in the emergency department setting require specific management based on anatomic location. Lacerations of the fingertip, ear, nose, lip, tongue, and eyelid can be complex and require advanced management techniques. Many can be primarily treated by emergency clinicians; however, it is important for the clinician to know when consultation is appropriate for treatment by a specialist. Read More

Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2003 Aug;145(8):631-42; discussion 642

Department of Neurosurgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Objective: Tumours or vascular lesions of the clivus and juxtaclival region present a unique challenge to neurosurgeons and a variety of techniques, with a wide spectrum of complexity, have been advocated. This report presents the use of a conservative transpetrosal approach which combines partial removal of the postero-lateral petrous bone with preservation of the labyrinth, with particular focus on efficacy and the reduction of complications.

Patients And Methods: Over 9 years, 52 patients underwent a conservative combined supra-infratentorial, labyrinth-preserving transpetrosal approach. Read More

Int Ophthalmol Clin 2002 ;42(3):187-201

Department of Ophthalmic Plastic, Orbital, and Cosmetic Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Boston, 02114, USA.

Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1990 Oct;23(5):1003-18

University of Missouri Health Sciences Center, Columbia.

Ear injuries occur in people of all ages but predominate in active people such as wrestlers, boxers, and bike riders. The types and extent of injury are a function of the force causing the injury. Shearing forces of moderate intensity cause hematoma formation, whereas greater force causes lacerations or even amputation. Read More

Neuroradiology 1986 ;28(2):93-9

A total of 84 patients with 89 fractures of the temporal bone were examined with high resolution CT (HRCT) a few hours to 21 months after the initial trauma. Axial HRCT disclosed 63 longitudinal, 13 transverse, 10 complex and 3 atypical fractures. The diagnosis of a temporal bone fracture was established by axial HRCT in almost every case. Read More