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Arch Plast Surg 2019 Jan 15;46(1):69-74. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.

Background: Local symptoms and signs of snake envenomation mimic the clinical features of compartment syndrome. It is important to measure the intracompartmental pressure to diagnose compartment syndrome. In this study, we present our experiences of confirming compartment syndrome and performing fasciotomy in snakebite patients based on high intracompartmental pressure findings. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019 Jan 15:1-10. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

4 Neurology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.

Objective: The objective of our study was to identify the clinical features and imaging findings of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in children.

Materials And Methods: During the study period, ACS was diagnosed in 50 children, 14 of whom underwent CT or MRI. We reviewed the medical records of the 50 children to obtain clinical information, such as underlying risk factors, therapeutic approach, and clinical outcome, and we evaluated the CT and MRI examinations of the 14 children. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019 Jan 2:e27597. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is one of the more common inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, characterized by neutropenia, occasional thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Bone marrow evaluation reveals an increased number of monocytes and mature B cells along with decreased granulocytes. However, little is known about the subpopulations of peripheral blood cells, and few previous publications have been based on a small number of patients. Read More

Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018 Dec;31(12):1144-1147

Department of Orthopaedics, Yuhang District Traditional Chinese Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 311106, Zhejiang, China.

Objective: To study the operative methods and clinical effects of stage therapy for the treatment of fractures of tibia plateau with osteofascial compartment syndrome according to its clinical characteristics.

Methods: From April 2014 to May 2017, 22 patients with fractures of tibia plateau with osteofascial compartment syndrome were treated by stage therapy, including 16 males and 6 females, ranging in age from 22 to 56 years old, with an average of 39 years old. Fifteen patients had injuries on the left and 7 patients had injuries on the right. Read More

J Clin Pharmacol 2018 Dec 11. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

Established Products, Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA.

Dacogen, the formulated product of the pharmaceutically active agent decitabine (5 aza-2'-deoxycytidine), is approved for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The current analysis was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of decitabine in pediatric patients with AML and evaluate their consistency with the PK in adult patients. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed by pooling decitabine concentration-time data from 5 adult (AML and MDS) and 2 pediatric (AML) studies. Read More

Blood Adv 2018 Dec;2(23):3447-3461

Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are crucial components of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment essential for regulating self-renewal, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the stem cell niche. MSCs are functionally altered in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and exhibit an altered methylome compared with MSCs from healthy controls, thus contributing to disease progression. To determine whether MSCs are amenable to epigenetic therapy and if this affects their function, we examined growth, differentiation, and HSPC-supporting capacity of ex vivo-expanded MSCs from MDS patients in comparison with age-matched healthy controls after direct treatment in vitro with the hypomethylating agent azacitidine (AZA). Read More

Int J Sports Med 2018 Dec 12;39(14):1081-1087. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Máxima Medical Center, Surgery, Veldhoven, Netherlands.

Exercise-induced lower leg pain may be caused by chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Anterior or deep posterior compartments are usually affected. Knowledge about CECS of the lateral compartment (lat-CECS) is limited and outcome after fasciotomy is unknown. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Oct 29;19(11). Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Department of Child Health and the Child Health Research Institute, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent worldwide public health problem that is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse leading to intermittent hypoxia, pronounced negative intrathoracic pressures, and recurrent arousals resulting in sleep fragmentation. Obesity is a major risk factor of OSA and both of these two closely intertwined conditions result in increased sympathetic activity, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation, which ultimately contribute, among other morbidities, to metabolic dysfunction, as reflected by visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) insulin resistance (IR). Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are released by most cell types and their cargos vary greatly and reflect underlying changes in cellular homeostasis. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2018 Oct 26;19:1272-1278. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.

BACKGROUND Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by muscle necrosis and secretion of intracellular muscle components into the blood circulation. Acute compartment syndrome is a potential complication of severe rhabdomyolysis. CASE REPORT We report 3 cases of compartment syndrome-related peripheral neuropathy in alcoholic individuals with rhabdomyolysis. Read More

Front Immunol 2018 26;9:2172. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Antibody production and function represent an essential part of the immune response, particularly in fighting bacterial and viral infections. Multiple immunological phenotypes can result in dysregulation of the immune system humoral compartment, including class-switch recombination (CSR) defects associated with hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndromes. The CSR/HIGM syndromes are defined by the presence of normal or elevated plasma IgM levels in the context of low levels of switched IgG, IgA, and IgE isotypes. Read More

Curr Sports Med Rep 2018 Oct;17(10):347-353

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Exertional limb pain is a common problem encountered in recreational and competitive athletes. Affecting both the upper and lower extremities, this broad entity can be musculoskeletal, vascular, neurologic, oncologic, or infectious in origin. This article focuses on the vascular causes of exercise-related extremity pain, which encompass a cadre of elusive diagnoses. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 20;9:190. Epub 2018 Sep 20.

Department of Orthospine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Background: Compartment syndromes have been reported in nearly every anatomical area of the extremities. Similarly, in the lumbar spine, there is a risk of a compartment syndrome following either direct or indirect injury to the paraspinal muscles. In this study, we present a case of lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome after percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for a spine fracture. Read More

Digestion 2018 Oct 5:1-8. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are known to be largely influenced by one's lifestyle and dietary uptake. A high-salt diet (HSD) is well recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular complications, hypertension, and metabolic syndromes. However, the relationship between an HSD and the GI system, which is the compartment that comes in direct contact with exogenous stimulants, has not been fully explored. Read More

J Emerg Med 2018 12 2;55(6):e137-e139. Epub 2018 Oct 2.

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Background: Compartment syndrome is often considered in patients with long-bone fractures and soft-tissue injuries, but is not as commonly associated with a period of unconsciousness.

Case Report: A 65-year-old man was brought to our emergency department (ED) because he had lost consciousness for an unknown amount of time after snorting heroin. He had severe pain in his upper right arm. Read More

J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol 2018 Sep;23(3):395-398

* Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

A 16-year-old man sustained a minor penetrating injury to his forearm, resulting in pseudoaneurysm formation that caused acute compartment syndrome with muscle contracture. Surgical treatment, including fasciotomy, evacuation of the hematoma and aneurysmectomy, followed by intensive hand therapy provided a successful outcome. Traumatic pseudoaneurysm after penetrating injury is a rare cause of acute forearm compartment syndrome. Read More

Blood Adv 2018 Oct;2(19):2491-2504

Department of Leukemia.

KDM6B is an epigenetic regulator that mediates transcriptional activation during differentiation, including in bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overexpression of KDM6B has been reported in BM HSPCs of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Whether the overexpression of KDM6B contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases remains to be elucidated. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2018 Oct 15. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Chemical Imaging and Speciation, CENBG , University of Bordeaux , UMR 5797, 33175 Gradignan , France.

Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that can be neurotoxic when elevated exposition occurs leading to parkinsonian-like syndromes. Mutations in the Slc30a10 gene have been identified in new forms of familial parkinsonism. SLC30A10 is a cell surface protein involved in the efflux of Mn and protects the cell against Mn toxicity. Read More

Surg Clin North Am 2018 Oct;98(5):1081-1096

Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Tennessee, 1940 Alcoa Highway, Building E, Suite 120, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA.

This article details the classification of limb ischemia, outlines the numerous causes of limb ischemia, highlights the diagnosis with treatment options and describes common postoperative conditions after limb ischemia intervention. The acute limb ischemia causes in the article are divided into sections including the presentation, diagnosis, and therapy for each cause. The broad limb ischemia causes include embolism, thrombosis, venous obstruction, trauma, and upper-extremity unique pathologic condition. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Sep 15;2018. Epub 2018 Sep 15.

Department of Urology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Joetsu, Japan.

Common iliac artery (CIA) thrombosis is a rare surgical complication which may cause serious leg damage and may occasionally be fatal. We experienced two cases of CIA thrombosis in nephroureterectomy with the pluck technique for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Patients were treated using emergent femoro-femoral bypass, and one patient was treated with fasciotomy of the lower extremity for compartment syndrome. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 09 12;9(1):3694. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a chronic hematologic disorder that frequently evolves to more aggressive stages and in some cases leads to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS arises from mutations in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Thus, to define optimal therapies, it is essential to understand molecular events driving HSC pathogenesis. Read More

Phytomedicine 2018 Sep 17;48:141-151. Epub 2018 Apr 17.

School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. Electronic address:

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is one of the most common gynaecological disorders among women, which seriously affects women's life quality due to its high incidence rate. Guizhi Fuling capsule (GZFLC), a well-known traditional Chinese medical prescription, has been widely used to treat gynecological blood stasis syndromes such as PDM. However, its mechanisms of action and combination were still unknown. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Sep;28(9):S190-S191

Department of Orthopaedics, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumour of bone seen in 3% of the general population. Complications such as neurological compromise, skeletal defects, vascular lesions, and compartment syndrome occur in about 4% of osteochondromas. We bring forth the case of a 16-year male who presented with the complaints of swelling in calf region associated with symptoms of claudication and paraesthesias in leg after exertion and absence of any such complaints at rest. Read More

Oncogene 2019 Jan 31;38(5):687-698. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are stem cell disorders with risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Gene expression profiling reveals transcriptional expression of GLI1, of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, in poor-risk MDS/AML. Using a murine model of MDS we demonstrated that constitutive Hh/Gli1 activation accelerated leukemic transformation and decreased overall survival. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 31;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Nephrology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.

Bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, sadism and masochism (BDSM) refers to a variety of primarily erotic practices. Although safety is crucial for most BDSM practitioners, there are violent forms that may cause serious injury. We present the case of 61-year-old man with no history of chronic kidney disease who developed severe acute anuric kidney injury following violent BDSM play. Read More

J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2018 Sep;28(9):699-702

Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.

Objective: To determine the potential utility of hematological parameters in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH).

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Health Sciences University, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey, from January 2016 to July 2017. Read More

J Mol Diagn 2018 Nov 20;20(6):717-737. Epub 2018 Aug 20.

The Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

To address the clinical relevance of small DNA variants in chronic myeloid neoplasms (CMNs), an Association for Molecular Pathology Working Group comprehensively reviewed published literature, summarized key findings that support clinical utility, and defined critical gene inclusions for high-throughput sequencing testing panels. This review highlights the biological complexity of CMNs [including myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, entities with overlapping features (myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms), and systemic mastocytosis], the genetic heterogeneity within diagnostic categories, and similarities between apparently disparate diagnostic entities. The founding variant's hematopoietic differentiation compartment, specific genes and variants present, order of variant appearance, individual subclone dynamics, and therapeutic intervention all contribute to the clinicopathologic features of CMNs. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Aug;97(33):e11848

Department of Radiology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon.

The objective is to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in rhabdomyolysis in detail and determine their correlation with the development of peripheral neuropathy.Magnetic resonance images for 23 patients with confirmed rhabdomyolysis with (n = 11) or without (n = 12) peripheral neuropathy were retrospectively reviewed for the signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, intramuscular hemorrhage, enhancement pattern, shape and margin in the longitudinal plane, edema in the deep fascia and overlying subcutaneous layer, multiplicity, and bilateral limb involvement. The collected data were statistically analyzed and the relationship between the imaging findings and the development of peripheral neuropathy was determined. Read More

Iowa Orthop J 2018 ;38:113-121

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation.

Background: This study reports the validity and effectiveness of a simulation-based compartment syndrome instructional course.

Methods: Six post-graduation year one (PGY1) orthopaedic residents and six PGY5 residents participated in the study. All PGY1 residents participated in a four-hour compartment syndrome training simulation. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Aug 8;2018. Epub 2018 Aug 8.

Department of Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.

A 31-year-old male patient with chronic constipation of unknown aetiology presented emergently with worsening nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension of one week duration. On examination, his abdomen was distended with minimal tenderness. A plain film of the abdomen demonstrated severe faecal loading. Read More

J Surg Orthop Adv Summer 2018;27(2):155-159

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.

Many described techniques take advantage of the viscoelasticity of the human integument to assist in primary closure of fasciotomy wounds. A retrospective chart review was performed on eight patients with a total of 17 incisions who underwent fasciotomy for acute compartment syndrome. Wounds were closed with delayed primary closure (DPC). Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2018 Aug 3;19(8). Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Myeloid⁻derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprised a heterogeneous subset of bone marrow⁻derived myeloid cells, best studied in cancer research, that are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension. Stem cell transplantation represents one extreme interventional strategy for ablating the myeloid compartment but poses a number of translational challenges. There remains an outstanding need for additional therapeutic targets to impact MDSC function, including the potential to alter interactions with innate and adaptive immune subsets, or alternatively, alter trafficking receptors, metabolic pathways, and transcription factor signaling with readily available and safe drugs. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2019 Jan;39(1):e1-e7

Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.

Background: Optimal management for a pulseless supracondylar humerus fracture associated with anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) or median nerve injury is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pulseless supracondylar humerus fractures associated with AIN or median nerve injury, to assess open versus closed surgical management, to determine factors associated with the need for neurovascular intervention, and to report the outcome.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed at 4 pediatric trauma hospitals on all patients who sustained a Gartland III or IV supracondylar humerus fracture with the combination of absent distal palpable pulses and AIN or median nerve injury between 2000 and 2014. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jul;97(30):e11613

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Rationale: Acute compartment syndrome is a highly aggressive condition, which needs rapid diagnosis and surgical emergency. Most cases are caused by trauma, fractures, surgeries, or vascular injury, while other causes are easily misdiagnosed.

Patients Concerns: A 29-year-old female, with a medical history of an insect bite on the left calf but not recent trauma, was admitted to the hospital due to the swelling and pain around the bite area. Read More

Rev Col Bras Cir 2018 Jul 19;45(3):e1884. Epub 2018 Jul 19.

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Hospital Universitário Cajuru, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.

Objective: to assess the physicians' knowledge regarding intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome and to compare it with the established literature.

Methods: we conducted a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study. We interviewed 38 physicians through a self-administered questionnaire composed of objective questions. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2018 Jul;24(4):321-326

Department of General Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Hatay-Turkey.

Background: Open abdomen (OA) in which the abdomen is closed with temporary abdominal closure methods is the most effective in patients who develop severe abdominal sepsis or abdominal compartment syndrome. Major techniques used are Vacuum-Assisted Closure Method (VACM) and non-vacuum assisted closure method (NVACM). In the present study, the effects of different abdominal closure methods on morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Read More

Med Sante Trop 2018 May;28(2):206-211

Service de chirurgie orthopédique, traumatologie et chirurgie réparatrice, Hôpital d'instruction des armées Percy, 101 avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France, École du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.

Management of acute compartment syndrome is well known and based on emergent and generous fasciotomies. In absence of such fasciotomies, or if they are performed too late, the compartment syndrome leads to a Volkmann's syndrome or to a dramatic septic myonecrosis raising the question of an amputation. However, salvage treatment of these extreme clinical presentations may be preferable at the upper extremity, particularly in developing countries where access to sophisticated prosthetic devices is limited. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jul 10;2018. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Fortis-Escorts Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is an uncommon complication of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), described so far only in association with fluid refractory shock and high-volume resuscitation. We describe an unusual case of ACS in a patient of DHF where raised intra-abdominal pressure was due to spontaneous rectus sheath haematoma causing external compression. Early recognition of the haematoma, constant vigilance and timely decision for surgical intervention could salvage the patient with complete recovery of organ function. Read More

World Neurosurg 2018 Oct 7;118:e601-e609. Epub 2018 Jul 7.

Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a rare but devastating complication following pterional craniotomy. Although the causes of OCS are unclear, external compression of the orbit by a myocutaneous flap is commonly mentioned as a major factor. We evaluated the ocular influence of external compression using an extraocular pressure monitor. Read More

Front Pediatr 2018 15;6:175. Epub 2018 Jun 15.

Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects, and recent studies indicate cilia-related mutations play a central role in the genetic etiology of CHD. As cilia are also known to have important roles in kidney development and disease, it is not surprising that renal anomalies were found to be enriched among CHD mutant mice recovered in a large-scale mouse forward genetic screen. Indeed 42% of mutations identified to cause both CHD and renal anomalies were cilia-related. Read More

Essays Biochem 2018 07 20;62(3):297-308. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A.

Each nucleated cell contains several hundreds of mitochondria, which are unique organelles in being under dual genome control. The mitochondria contain their own DNA, the mtDNA, but most of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, including all the proteins required for replication, transcription, and repair of mtDNA. MtDNA replication is a continuous process that requires coordinated action of several enzymes that are part of the mtDNA replisome. Read More

Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018 06;31(6):493-496

Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China;

The miminally-invasive techniques of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) uses different types of acupuncture needles to treat diseased locations with special techniques. These techniques include different methods of insertion and closed incision (press cutting, sliding cutting, scrape cutting, etc.). Read More

Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2018 Oct 21;48:69-74. Epub 2018 Jun 21.

School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Caboolture Campus, Caboolture, Queensland 4510, Australia. Electronic address:

Intra-abdominal hypertension is classified as either primary or secondary - primary occurs due to intra-abdominal or retro-peritoneal pathophysiology, whereas secondary results in alterations in capillary fluid dynamics due to factors, such as massive fluid resuscitation and generalised inflammation. The renal and gastro-intestinal effects occur early in the progression of intra-abdominal hypertension, and may lead to poor patient outcomes if not identified. As a direct response to intra-abdominal hypertension, renal function is reduced with remarkable impairment from pressures of around 10 mmHg, oliguria developing at 15 mmHg and anuria developing at 30 mmHg. Read More

Foot Ankle Spec 2018 Oct 22;11(5):471-477. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts (JMM, EM Brook, CC, JS, EM Bluman, EGM).

Background: Lower extremity chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) can negatively affect exercise and activity and may require operative intervention to release the fascia. Few studies have evaluated or compared patient-reported outcomes for bilateral versus single-leg staged fasciotomy and number of compartments released.

Methods: A total of 27 eligible patients who underwent a fasciotomy procedure for CECS at a single institution were identified. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 20;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 20.

General and Endocrine Surgery, Footscray Hospital, Footscray, Victoria, Australia.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality requiring prompt treatment. We report a rare case of a 57-year-old man who developed acute lower limb ischaemia, severe metabolic acidosis and renal impairment from massive faecal impaction of unknown aetiology resulting in ACS causing occlusion of the right common iliac artery. This was treated with faecal disimpaction, which eventually resulted in slow but full recovery. Read More

J Pediatr Orthop 2018 Sep;38(8):e470-e474

Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.

Background: Although postoperative cast immobilization is routinely used in children, it is not without complications. Few studies have focused on interventions to decrease their frequency. The purpose of this study was to determine if foam padding in postoperative lower extremity casts decreased the rate of cast complications. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Jun;97(25):e11066

Vascular Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Besançon.

Background: The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) has been clearly identified as being one of the main causes of mortality after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA). The ACS is defined as a sustained intra-abdominal pressure > 20 mm Hg associated with a new organ dysfunction or failure. A pilot study was conducted and found that the threshold of 3 among 8 selected criteria, we would predict an ACS occurrence with a 54% positive predictive value and a 92% negative predictive value. Read More

Orthopedics 2018 Sep 18;41(5):e731-e733. Epub 2018 Jun 18.

Neonatal compartment syndrome is rare. There are multiple proposed etiologies, including infection, vascular insult, and mechanical compression. Much like compartment syndrome in adults, delayed surgical intervention for neonatal compartment syndrome can have catastrophic results. Read More

Rev Bras Ortop 2018 Mar-Apr;53(2):244-247. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Acute compartment syndrome in athletes is a rare orthopedic emergency associated with strenuous exercise. It is often diagnosed late and can lead to severe complications and high morbidity. This report describes the case of a young soccer player with acute compartment syndrome with no history of trauma, diagnosed and treated 24 h after the onset of symptoms, through minimally invasive decompressive fasciotomy, with good postoperative evolution. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2018 Jun 13;2018. Epub 2018 Jun 13.

Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.