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Medicina (Kaunas) 2022 Jun 10;58(6). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Critical Care Unit and Gastroenterology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile.

Patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) present complications and organ failure, which require treatment in critical care units. These extrapancreatic complications determine the clinical outcome of the disease. Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) deteriorates the prognosis of SAP. Read More

Diagnostics (Basel) 2022 Jun 16;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland.

The orbit is a closed compartment defined by the orbital bones and the orbital septum. Some diseases of the orbit and the optic nerve are associated with an increased orbital compartment pressure (OCP), e.g. Read More

J Orthop Trauma 2022 Jul;36(7):355-360

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and.

Objective: To assess ballistic femoral shaft fracture outcomes in comparison with closed and open femoral shaft fractures sustained by blunt mechanisms. We hypothesized that ballistic femoral shaft fractures would have similar outcomes to blunt open fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort study. Read More

Orthop J Sports Med 2022 Jun 14;10(6):23259671221101328. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Royal United Hospitals, Bath, UK.

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the lower limb usually responds well to fasciotomy in patients with failed nonoperative treatment. Careful history taking and compartment pressure testing are both required to accurately diagnose CECS.

Purposes: To evaluate patients with CECS after fasciotomy to establish predictive criteria of positive outcomes and to develop a scoring system to aid clinicians in their management of such patients. Read More

Am Surg 2022 Jun 15:31348221083951. Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma Acute Care Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Reading Hospital, 419713Tower Health.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically manifests with respiratory symptoms and can ultimately progress to severe multiorgan failure. Viral myositis, systemic capillary leak syndrome, and arteriovenous thrombosis are atypical manifestations of COVID-19. We present a case of a 33-year-old woman, fully vaccinated against COVID-19, who developed myositis and shock. Read More

JBJS Case Connect 2022 04 15;12(2). Epub 2022 Jun 15.

Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.

Case: A 17-year-old adolescent boy presented with anterolateral, right leg pain and numbness of his right foot 2 days after participating in football practice. He denied a traumatic event, and radiographs were negative for fracture. His imaging and physical examination raised suspicion for acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Read More

Rev Med Liege 2022 May;77(5-6):330-337

Service de Néphrologie, Dialyse et Transplantation CHU Liège, Belgique.

Glomerulonephritis are the result of an inflammatory hit to the glomerulus. They are rare and heterogeneous renal diseases. Each glomerular compartment can be affected. Read More

J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2022 Jun 2;6(6). Epub 2022 Jun 2.

From the University of Maryland Medical Center (Dr. Shaw, Dr. Kish, and Dr. Pensy) and the R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Baltimore, MD (Dr. Shaw, Dr. Kish, and Dr. Pensy).

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is well described after minor trauma in the pediatric population, with an incidence of 1 to 13 cases per 100,000 individuals. Compartment syndrome (CS) in children is a rare, but potentially devastating disease, classified as "cannot miss diagnosis." Compared with adults, CS may exhibit a variable presentation with a wide range of symptoms in children, often leading to delayed diagnosis. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 Jun;28(6):863-866

Department of Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul-Korea.

Trauma with prolonged shock can cause systemic capillary leak syndrome regardless of the site of injury and a transfusion can aggravate it. The systemic capillary leak induces both an abdominal compartment syndrome and pulmonary edema, and a transfusion can aggra-vate these sequelae within hours. In our case, 21-year-old man with a penetrating injury in his left thorax experienced delay in rescue and definitive surgery. Read More

J Spec Oper Med 2022 May;22(2):43-47

Crush injuries present a challenging case for medical providers and require knowledge and skill to manage the subsequent damage to multiple organ systems. In an austere environment, in which resources are limited and evacuation time is extensive, a medic must be prepared to identify trends and predict outcomes based on the mechanism of injury and patient presentation. These injuries occur in a variety of environments from motor vehicle accidents (at home or abroad) to natural disasters and building collapses. Read More

Acta Biomed 2022 03 10;92(S3):e2021562. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

CASA CURA S. FRANCESCO,VERONA.

Objective: Volkmann's ischemic contracture (VIC) represents the outcome of a compartment syndrome, not adeguately managed during the acute phase. It is still to be found in the developing contries, while it is rarely present in the developed countries. In this report we refer on our african experiences on VIC, because we beleive might be useful for last generation of italian orthopaedics which rarely have a chance to see Volkmann's cases. Read More

J Vasc Surg 2022 May 19. Epub 2022 May 19.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI. Electronic address:

Objective: The occurrence of acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) is a serious risk within the context of aortic dissection repair. The aim of the present study was to examine the outcomes of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAD) and concomitant lower extremity malperfusion.

Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review at our tertiary referral center of patients who underwent ATAD repair from January 2002 to June 2018. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 19;15(5). Epub 2022 May 19.

Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.

A man in his 30s with a history of cocaine and intranasal heroin use presented to the emergency department with severe leg pain and weakness. Physical examination findings were significant for tachycardia, absence of dorsalis pedis pulses, tense and painful calf muscles along with absence of plantar reflexes in bilateral lower extremities. Laboratory investigations were significant for positive urinary drug screen for cocaine, severe rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 May 18;12(1):8268. Epub 2022 May 18.

Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Early recognition of elevated intraabdominal pressure (IAP) in critically ill patients is essential, since it can result in abdominal compartment syndrome, which is a life-threatening condition. The measurement of intravesical pressure is currently considered the gold standard for IAP assessment. Alternative methods have been proposed, where IAP assessment is based on measuring abdominal wall tension, which reflects the pressure in the abdominal cavity. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Barts and the London HPB Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, London, UK

A woman in her 50s was undergoing a repeat liver resection surgery for recurrence of liver metastasis when the intravenous fluid flow was noted to be sluggish on multiple occasions. On the third examination of the right hand where the intravenous cannula was located, surgery was halted as there was extensive swelling from the hand to the biceps and the hand had started turning blue. A diagnosis of acute upper limb compartment syndrome secondary to extravasation exacerbated by metaraminol was made by the anaesthetist and surgeon. Read More

Undersea Hyperb Med 2022 Second Quarter;49(2):233-248

Memorial Care Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California U.S.

Acute traumatic ischemias are an array of disorders that range from crush injuries to compartment syndromes, from burns to frostbite and from threatened flaps to compromised reimplantations. Two unifying components common to these conditions are a history of trauma be it physical, thermal, or surgical coupled with ischemia to the traumatized tissues. Their pathophysiology resolves around the self-perpetuating cycle of edema and ischemia, and their severity represents a spectrum from mild, almost non-existent, to tissue death. Read More

Indian J Orthop 2022 May 21;56(5):717-740. Epub 2022 Jan 21.

Department of Orthopaedics, PMRC Block, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605006 India.

Background: The primary objective of this review is to estimate the rotational correction after corrective derotation osteotomies (CDO) for congenital radioulnar synostosis (CRUS). The secondary objective of this review is to identify the complications with CDO in CRUS.

Methods: We included studies in the English literature from electronic bibliographic databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, Directory of Open access journals (DOAJ), EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus up to December 2020 that determined the effects of CDO in CRUS for two or more cases with a mean follow-up of 1 year or more. Read More

Am J Ther 2022 May-Jun 01;29(3):e376-e378. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

J Orthop Surg Res 2022 May 7;17(1):256. Epub 2022 May 7.

Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.

Background: Few studies focus on the trauma-specific functional outcomes after surgical revascularization and risk factors contributing to poor outcomes in patients with acute blunt popliteal artery injury (PAI). The objective of this study was to investigate the long-term trauma-specific functional outcomes in patients with acute blunt PAI and identify the associated risk factors.

Methods: There were 36 patients with acute blunt PAI who require surgical revascularization at a national trauma center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University between March 2010 and April 2019. Read More

J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2022 May-Jun 01;49(3):220-225

Carolyn Crumley, DNP, RN, ACNS-BC CWOCN, Saint Luke's East Hospital, Lee's Summit, Missouri; University of Missouri Sinclair School of Nursing, Columbia; and Section Editor JWOCN Evidence-Based Report Card.

Purpose: The purpose of this Technologic Analysis is to review devices designed to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP); these devices are used to detect intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).

Approach: Published literature focusing on devices designed to measure IAP was reviewed, comparing the options available and outlining recommendations for appropriate use. Safety information regarding IAP measurement devices was derived from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Read More

Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 2022 Jun;11(6):453-460

Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.

Aims: Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is now considered a potential contributor to organ damage and disease progression in acute heart failure (AHF). In this work, we aimed to determine if antigen carbohydrate 125 (CA125) is associated with IAP and to identify a cutpoint of CA125 useful for ruling out intra-abdominal hypertension (defined as IAP ≥ 12 mmHg).

Methods And Results: We prospectively evaluated a cohort of 53 patients admitted with AHF in which IAP was measured within the first 24-h of admission. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 05 2;12(5):e059918. Epub 2022 May 2.

Department of Orthopaedics and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden

Introduction: The ischaemic pain of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can be difficult to discriminate from the pain linked to an associated fracture. Lacking objective measures, the decision to perform fasciotomy is based on clinical findings and performed at a low level of suspicion. Biomarkers of muscle cell damage may help to identify and monitor patients at risk, similar to current routines for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Read More

Semin Hematol 2022 01 5;59(1):47-53. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Leukemia Program, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address:

Advances in molecular technologies accelerated investigations of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment in aplastic anemia (AA). Initially, stem cell biology approaches indicated a profound depletion of HSC pool, while studies of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), X-chromosome inactivation and cytogenetics provided the first evidence for the presence of clonality in the context of a contracted HSC compartment. More recently, the introduction of deep NGS allowed a more precise assessment of clonal expansions in AA. Read More

Semin Hematol 2022 01 5;59(1):13-20. Epub 2022 Jan 5.

Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Salerno, Italy; Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy.

Bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes are a heterogeneous group of benign hematological conditions characterized by uni- or multi-lineage marrow and/or peripheral blood cytopenia(s), and can be classified in constitutional or acquired syndromes based on pathophysiology. In inherited diseases, germline mutations occur in the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment causing a progressive loss of normal hematopoiesis, while in acquired syndromes, HPSC compartment disruption can be caused by an extrinsic direct damage by external cytotoxic agents on the stem cell pool or by an autoimmune attack against HSPCs. Aplastic anemia is an acquired immune-mediated BMF syndrome where marrow disruption is driven by a cytotoxic T cell-mediated autoimmune attack against HSPCs sustained by type I interferons that polarize the immune system toward T helper 1 responses in early phases and then toward T helper 17 and effector memory CD8 T cell in late stage and severe disease. Read More

J Biomech 2022 May 21;137:111096. Epub 2022 Apr 21.

McGill University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 845 Sherbrooke St. W, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 0G4. Electronic address:

Intra-abdominal hypertension has been recorded in between 20 and 50% of intensive care unit patients, with rates increasing in ventilated patients. This increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) can reduce blood flow to vital organs, perpetuating further pressure build-up as organs become unable to drain excess fluids. Measurement of IAP for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension remains highly invasive, thus, a non-invasive alternative to traditional IAP measurement was developed and validated, herein. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2022 May;28(5):711-713

Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul-Turkey.

After infratrochlear nerve block for nasolacrimal probing, sudden vision loss, proptosis, pain, loss of light reflexes, and a total limitation of ocular movement was observed in a 71-year-old female patient. She was diagnosed with retrobulbar hemorrhage and orbital compartment syndrome (OCS). Lateral canthotomy, cantholysis, and medial orbitotomy were performed on the patient. Read More

J Med Invest 2022 ;69(1.2):145-147

Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for prostate cancer was introduced in 2000 and rapidly gained popularity. The Da Vinci Surgical System? can ensure improved local control of cancer and fewer perioperative complications. However, RALP is performed in the steep-Trendelenburg position (a combination of lithotomy and head-down tilt position/Lloyd-Davies position) to obtain a good surgical view, and as a result, well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) can become a serious complication of RALP. Read More

Emerg Med Australas 2022 06 16;34(3):428-433. Epub 2022 Apr 16.

LifeFlight Retrieval Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Objective: Orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) is a time critical condition, with ischaemic complications occurring after 90-120 min. In the prehospital setting, the diagnosis and management of OCS is challenging due to complex environmental considerations, competing clinical priorities, and limited equipment. This study aims to provide learning points on performing lateral canthotomy and cantholysis (LCC) in the prehospital setting. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 Apr 12;15(4). Epub 2022 Apr 12.

Trauma and Orthopaedics, Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK.

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of the thigh following femoral fracture has been rarely reported in previous literature. This condition must be diagnosed quickly to prevent the affected limb becoming ischaemic. We document the management of ACS of the thigh in a healthy male patient who suffered a proximal femur fracture following a high-speed road traffic accident. Read More

Reg Anesth Pain Med 2022 07 11;47(7):451-452. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.