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World J Clin Cases 2021 Jun;9(16):3908-3913

Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan.

Background: A snapping wrist is a rare symptom that results from the sudden impingement of one anatomic structure against another, subsequently causing a sudden movement only during wrist movement.

Case Summary: A 30-year-old woman with a history of right wrist contusion reported right wrist snapping after overuse. The snapping became symptomatic after moving heavy objects. Read More

BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021 Jun 14;22(1):545. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Orthopedic Trauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.

Background: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is a potentially devastating condition. ACS is rare in the upper arm.

Case Presentation: We report a case of acute compartment syndrome of the anterior compartment of the upper arm due to brachial muscle injury. Read More

J Vasc Bras 2021 Apr 2;20:e20200094. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Hospital Regional Tarcísio Maia - HRTM, Departamento de Cirurgia Geral e Vascular, Mossoró, RN, Brasil.

In areas that are not commonly affected by compartment syndrome because they have a good content/container ratio, diagnosis of the condition can be a challenge, since surgeons will find it difficult to make a diagnosis on the basis of an isolated sign or symptom. As a result, the correct treatment can very often be delayed, causing harm to the patient. In this case, the patient was a 29-year-old woman who was seen for a painful left hand secondary to a large burn injury to the area anterior of the anatomical snuffbox. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Jun 2;14(6). Epub 2021 Jun 2.

Pediatric Critical Care, Shaikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is an infrequently encountered life-threatening disorder characterised by elevated abdominal pressure with evidence of new organ dysfunction. It is rarely reported in paediatrics. We describe an extremely unusual presentation of a 13-year-old boy with long-standing constipation who developed ACS complicated by refractory septic shock and multiorgan failure. Read More

Biosensors (Basel) 2021 May 14;11(5). Epub 2021 May 14.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore.

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is closely correlated with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) diagnoses, indicating the need for continuous monitoring. Early intervention for IAH and ACS has been proven to reduce the rate of morbidity. However, the current IAP monitoring method is a tedious process with a long calibration time for a single time point measurement. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 May;49(5):3000605211016627

Department of Nephrology, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, China.

Objective: The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationship between intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and an increased prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and identify the associated risk factors in various patient populations, regardless of whether they were admitted to an intensive care unit.

Methods: We used three databases for the following search terms: "IAH," "abdominal compartment syndrome," "AKI," "acute kidney failure," and others. The articles retrieved were compared to identify appropriate studies published until 7 May 2020. Read More

Neuron 2021 Jun 24;109(12):1963-1978.e5. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. Electronic address:

Our daily life depends on muscle contraction, a process that is controlled by the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). However, the mechanisms of NMJ assembly remain unclear. Here we show that Rapsn, a protein critical for NMJ formation, undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and condensates into liquid-like assemblies. Read More

Zhongguo Gu Shang 2021 May;34(5):471-5

Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Central Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen 518110, Guangdong, China.

Objective: To explore clinical effect of early incision and decompression combined with screw fixation in treating Lisfranc injury and foot osteofascial compartment syndrome.

Methods: Clinical data of 5 patients with Lisfranc injury and foot osteofascial compartment syndrome were retrospective analysized from January 2017 to December 2018, including 4 males and 1 female, aged from 19 to 62 years old. All patients were suffered from closed injuries. Read More

Injury 2021 Apr 17;52(4):724-730. Epub 2020 Oct 17.

Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Aachen Medical Center, Aachen, Germany.

Purpose: The development of acute compartment syndrome is a serious threat to trauma patients. The clinical assessment alone is not reliable enough to determine the need for fasciotomy in many cases. The Physician´s assessment of the elasticity of the muscle compartment might be particularly important to objectively evaluate the pressure in this enclosed space. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 15;13(3):e13903. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA.

Purpose: Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are the most common elbow fracture in children; however, they rarely occur as open injuries. Open fractures are associated with higher rates of infection, neurovascular injury, compartment syndrome, and nonunion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment and outcomes of open SCH fractures in children. Read More

Wounds 2021 Apr;33(4):99-105

Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Baltimore, Maryland.

Introduction: The COVID-19 virus is caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has drastically changed the medical landscape. Although predominantly impacting the respiratory system, COVID-19 has several non-respiratory symptoms associated with its presentation and course. Read More

Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;35(4):483-487

Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, P.R.China.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of retrograde muscle release in treatment of mild to moderate type ischemic muscle contracture of forearm classified by Tsuge.

Methods: Between March 2010 and September 2018, 11 patients with mild to moderate ischemic muscle contracture of forearm were treated with retrograde muscle release. There were 6 males and 5 females with an average age of 24 years (range, 16-29 years). Read More

J Intern Med 2021 May 12;289(5):650-661. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

From the, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, CSCs are the only cancer cells that can give rise to and sustain all cells that constitute a cancer as they possess inherent or acquired self-renewal potential, and their elimination is required and potentially sufficient to achieve a cure. Whilst establishing CSC identity remains challenging in most cancers, studies of low-intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), other chronic myeloid malignancies and clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminant potential (CHIP) strongly support that the primary target cell usually resides in the rare haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment. This probably reflects the unique self-renewal potential of HSCs in normal human haematopoiesis, combined with the somatic initiating genomic driver lesion not conferring extensive self-renewal potential to downstream progenitor cells. Read More

Colomb Med (Cali) 2020 Dec 30;51(4):e4044511. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

University of Pittsburgh, Critical Care Medicine. Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Hemorrhagic shock and its complications are a major cause of death among trauma patients. The management of hemorrhagic shock using a damage control resuscitation strategy has been shown to decrease mortality and improve patient outcomes. One of the components of damage control resuscitation is hemostatic resuscitation, which involves the replacement of lost blood volume with components such as packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelets in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Read More

Colomb Med (Cali) 2020 Dec 30;51(4):e4024486. Epub 2020 Dec 30.

Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia.

Damage control resuscitation should be initiated as soon as possible after a trauma event to avoid metabolic decompensation and high mortality rates. The aim of this article is to assess the position of the Trauma and Emergency Surgery Group (CTE) from Cali, Colombia regarding prehospital care, and to present our experience in the implementation of the "Stop the Bleed" initiative within Latin America. Prehospital care is phase 0 of damage control resuscitation. Read More

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2021 03 18;165. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

UMC Utrecht, afd. Traumachirurgie, Utrecht.

Background: Compartment syndrome is a rare but serious entity with various causes. Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential.

Case Description: We present a case of a 14-year-old boy with a crush injury of the forearm including a fracture of the radius and ulna. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 29;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Lower lumbar paraspinal muscles constitute a compartment as they are surrounded by distinct fascial and bony boundaries. Lumbar paraspinal compartment syndrome is a rare entity, often caused by intense exercise, but also can be a postoperative complication. We present a 60-year-old man with low back pain, numbness in the left lower back and radicular pain in the left lower extremity, which started after a surgery that involved prolonged positioning on the left side 7 years before, and persisted to the day of evaluation. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 11;9:635189. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Epigenetics of Haematopoiesis Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Hematopoietic stem cells interact with bone marrow niches, including highly specialized blood vessels. Recent studies have revealed the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of bone marrow endothelial cells. This has facilitated the analysis of the vascular microenvironment in steady state and malignant hematopoiesis. Read More

Mol Immunol 2021 Jun 25;134:150-160. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Laboratorio de Genómica y Bioinformática de Patógenos, iB3 | Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

In the last years, cell free or extracellular RNAs (ex-RNAs) have emerged as novel intercellular messengers between animal cells, including pathogens. In infectious diseases, ex-RNAs represent novel players in the host-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen interplays and have been described in parasitic helminths from the three major taxonomic groups: nematodes, trematodes and cestodes. Altogether, it is estimated that approximately 30 percent of the world's population is infected with helminths, which cause debilitating diseases and syndromes. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 22;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.

A 26-year-old woman developed acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of her right hand secondary to reperfusion syndrome. She suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest following a pregabalin overdose. Attending paramedics mistakenly gave intra-arterial epinephrine into her right brachial artery. Read More

Acute Med 2021 ;20(1):74-77

Acute Medicine and Infectious Diseases Consultant, Northumbria Speciailist Emergency Care Hospital, Cramlington, NE23 6NZ.

A 49-year old male with a past medical history of myocardial infarction and compartment syndromes requiring fasciotomies presented on five occasions with hypovolemic shock. We describe his admissions and presumptive diagnoses which required large volumes of intravenous fluids, admission to intensive care for vasopressors and renal replacement therapy. The presentations were always precipitated by a prodrome of fatigue and pre-syncopal episodes. Read More

Clin Podiatr Med Surg 2021 Apr;38(2):143-164

Benefis Foot and Ankle Clinic, 1301 11th Avenue South, Suite 6, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA. Electronic address:

Active individuals can experience exercise-induced pain along the medial, plantar central, and plantarmedial proximal arch. In many cases, these symptoms are consistent with conditions involving the plantar fascia, posterior tibial tendon, or entrapment of branches of the posterior tibial nerve. Unlike these other conditions, chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) of the foot can be aggravated by interventions that impart any pressure or compression to the foot. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Mar 12;22:e929176. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Surgery, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, CA, USA.

BACKGROUND Acute compartment syndrome represents a surgical emergency to restore blood supply by fasciotomy and decompression. Compartment syndrome is most commonly associated with crush-related injuries and fractures; however, other non-traumatic etiologies can occur. This report illustrates a rare case of acute atraumatic compartment syndrome of the upper extremity due to Streptococcus pyogenes cellulitis in an 84-year-old man, presenting a challenging clinical scenario. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 22;9:612760. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Mechanisms of Peripheral Tolerance Unit, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare monogenic autoimmune disease with variable clinical manifestations, ranging from early-onset severe autoimmunity, including enteropathy, eczema, and type 1 diabetes, to late-onset or atypical symptoms. Despite the clinical heterogeneity, the unifying feature of IPEX is mutation of the gene, which encodes a transcription factor essential for maintenance of thymus-derived regulatory T cells (Tregs). In IPEX patients, Tregs can be present, although unstable and impaired in function, unable to inhibit proliferation and cytokine production of effector T (Teff) cells. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 3;37:310. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco.

Tennis-leg is a partial or total disinsertion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle from its musculoskeletal junction. Patients receiving adequate treatment generally have favorable outcome. Tennis leg is rarely associated with major complications such as acute compartment syndrome. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Mar 2;14(3). Epub 2021 Mar 2.

General Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK.

We present a 71-year-old man who developed left calf pain after an elective laparoscopic assisted anterior resection. A clinical picture with a raised creatine kinase and negative Doppler ultrasound was suggestive of compartment syndrome. Successful surgical management was performed with two incisional fasciotomies to release all four compartments of the left leg. Read More

J Med Case Rep 2021 Mar 3;15(1):100. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Background: Acutely painful lower limb is a common presentation to the emergency department, and acute compartment syndrome is an important differential diagnosis to consider given the correct predisposing history and clinical presentation. However, idiopathic spontaneous compartment syndrome is an uncommon occurrence.

Case Presentation: A 54-year-old Caucasian man with no previous comorbidities presented with acute right-sided lower limb pain with classical symptoms showing gradual evolution. Read More

Int Immunopharmacol 2021 May 24;94:107482. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Heme is an important iron-containing porphyrin molecule expressed ubiquitously in organisms. Recently, this endogenous molecule has been widely reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as sepsis, atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the role of heme during systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis has not been previously evaluated. Read More

Am J Case Rep 2021 Feb 27;22:e927082. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Department of Orthopedics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

BACKGROUND Lower-extremity compartment syndrome (CS) is a rare yet devastating complication of posterior spinal fusion. We present our case to discuss this occurrence and possible risk factors. CASE REPORT An obese 15-year-old boy with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis underwent posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion, which was complicated by loss of 5000 mL of blood. Read More

Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021 Feb 26. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK.

Introduction: Tibial shaft fractures are common occurrence in children and surgical treatment is sometimes required, particularly in unstable or open fractures, and in polytrauma. The aim of this study was to investigate the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) for both open and closed tibia fractures in children, exploring the main surgical outcomes and rate of complications.

Materials And Methods: Pubmed/Medline, Scopus and Cochrane Central databases were searched following the PRISMA guideline. Read More