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Int J Dev Neurosci 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alfenas-Unifal-MG, Alfenas, Brazil.

Glyphosate is the organophosphate pesticide most widely used in the world. Recent studies correlate exposure to glyphosate and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, it was objective to propose a rat model of perinatal exposure to glyphosate- based herbicides (HBG) to study associated neurodevelopmental disorders. Read More

Cereb Cortex 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.

The period immediately after birth is a critical developmental window, capturing rapid maturation of brain structure and a child's earliest experiences. Large-scale brain systems are present at delivery, but how these brain systems mature during this narrow window (i.e. Read More

Am J Speech Lang Pathol 2022 Jun 24:1-16. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

Purpose: Family-centered practice (FCP) is a core component of early intervention (EI) associated with improved child and family outcomes, but little is known about community-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') inclusion of families in EI. Many caregivers of autistic children experience caregiving-related stress, making these intervention principles especially critical to the provision of optimal services. This study aimed to characterize EI SLPs' use of FCP coaching strategies and the quality of caregiver-SLP relationships. Read More

J Speech Lang Hear Res 2022 Jun 24:1-16. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to use speech resynthesis to investigate the effects of changes to individual acoustic features on speech-based gender perception of transmasculine voice samples following the onset of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with exogenous testosterone. We hypothesized that mean fundamental frequency ( ) would have the largest effect on gender perception of any single acoustic feature.

Method: Mean , contour, and formant frequencies were calculated for three pairs of transmasculine speech samples before and after HRT onset. Read More

J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2022 Jan-Dec;10:23247096221094181

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an aberrant communication between the main trunk or branches of carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Most of the cases of CCF occur following head trauma, but congenital and spontaneous cases have been reported. We report an interesting case of bilateral CCF with no history of trauma, thus most likely spontaneous form. Read More

EMBO Rep 2022 Jun 24:e53267. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Synaptic connections are essential to build a functional brain. How synapses are formed during development is a fundamental question in neuroscience. Recent studies provided evidence that the gut plays an important role in neuronal development through processing signals derived from gut microbes or nutrients. Read More

Clin Linguist Phon 2022 Jun 24:1-17. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Language disorders are frequently comorbid with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), a second attention disorder, may potentially explain some of the links between language disorders and ADHD. In this study we examined the psycholinguistic abilities of 207 children (mean age 7;10) with and without clinically significant levels of SCT symptoms to determine the degree to which symptoms of language disorder co-occur in cases of SCT. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2022 Jun 24. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, St. Petersburg, FL.

Caring for children and adolescents with disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis (HAT) has become more specialized and requires a unique skill set that many providers are not able to obtain in standard pediatric hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant fellowship training programs. The influx of numerous therapeutic advances and increasing medical complexity has expanded the need for experienced HAT providers and subspecialty collaboration in the inpatient setting due to the nuances in the management of patients with HAT complications and concerns. While there are data highlighting the benefits of an inpatient hemostasis, thrombosis, and anticoagulation management services in adult hospitals, there are limited pediatric data supporting such programs. Read More

Res Pract Persons Severe Disabl 2020 ;45(2)

Department of Educational Psychology, Counselling, and Special Education, The Pennsylvania State University.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Transition to Literacy (T2L) software features (i.e., dynamic text and speech output upon selection of a graphic symbol) within a grid display in an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) app on the sight word reading skills of five individuals with severe disabilities and complex communication needs. Read More

J Pers Med 2022 Jun 19;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.

As part of the iCARE-PD project, a multinational and multidisciplinary research endeavour to address complex care in Parkinson's disease, a Canadian case study focused on gaining a better understanding of people living with Parkinson's disease (PwP) experiences with health and medical services, particularly their vision for a sustainable, tailored and integrated care delivery network. The multifaceted nature of the condition means that PwP must continuously adapt and adjust to every aspect of their lives, and progressively rely on support from care partners (CP) and various health care professionals (HCP). To envision the integrated care delivery network from the perspective of PwP, the study consisted of designing scenarios for an integrated care delivery network with patients, their CP and their HCP, as well as identifying key requirements for designing an integrated care delivery network. Read More

J Pers Med 2022 Jun 1;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.

Integrated care models may help in designing care for Parkinson's disease (PD) that is more efficient and patient-centered. However, in order to implement such models successfully, it is important to design these models around patients' needs and preferences. Personality traits and coping styles play a well-studied important role in patients' disease perception and their utilization of medical and social services to cope with their disease. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jun 10;23(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive and stereotyped behaviors as well as difficulties with social interaction and communication. According to reports for prevalence rates of ASD, approximately 1~2% of children worldwide have been diagnosed with ASD. Although there are a couple of FDA (Food and Drug Administration)-approved drugs for ASD treatment such as aripiprazole and risperidone, they are efficient for alleviating aggression, hyperactivity, and self-injury but not the core symptoms. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jun 7;23(12). Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 80131 Naples, Italy.

Recent evidence highlights Parkinson's disease (PD) initiation in the gut as the prodromal phase of neurodegeneration. Gut impairment due to microbial dysbiosis could affect PD pathogenesis and progression. Here, we propose a two-hit model of PD through ceftriaxone (CFX)-induced dysbiosis and gut inflammation before the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) intrastriatal injection to mimic dysfunctional gut-associated mechanisms preceding PD onset. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2022 May 30;10(6). Epub 2022 May 30.

School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.

Therapeutic applications of singing (e.g., melodic intonation therapy) for acquired neurogenic communication disorders (ANCD) such as post-stroke aphasia, dysarthria, or neurodegenerative diseases have emerged from innovations by clinical speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Read More

Brain Sci 2022 May 27;12(6). Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

(1) Background: Difficulty hearing in noise is exacerbated in older adults. Older adults are more likely to have audiometric hearing loss, although some individuals with normal pure-tone audiograms also have difficulty perceiving speech in noise. Additional variables also likely account for speech understanding in noise. Read More

Entropy (Basel) 2022 May 28;24(6). Epub 2022 May 28.

Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.

Postural behavior has traditionally been studied using linear assessments of stability (e.g., center of pressure ellipse area). Read More

Biology (Basel) 2022 May 25;11(6). Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the breast cancer treatment landscape. However, ICI-induced systemic inflammatory immune-related adverse events (irAE) remain a major clinical challenge. Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated that a high-salt (HS) diet induces inflammatory activation of CD4+T cells leading to anti-tumor responses. Read More

Cells 2022 Jun 10;11(12). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Departments of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.

Zellweger spectrum disorder (ZSD) is a rare, debilitating genetic disorder of peroxisome biogenesis that affects multiple organ systems and presents with broad clinical heterogeneity. Although severe, intermediate, and mild forms of ZSD have been described, these designations are often arbitrary, presenting difficulty in understanding individual prognosis and treatment effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping review and meta-analysis of existing literature and a medical chart review to determine if characterization of clinical findings can predict severity in ZSD. Read More

Biomolecules 2022 Jun 10;12(6). Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) play a leading role in synaptic communication, are implicated in a variety of neurological processes, and are important targets for the treatment of neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Endogenous lipids and lipophilic compounds are potent modulators of pLGIC function and may help shape synaptic communication. Increasing structural and biophysical data reveal sites for lipid binding to pLGICs. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 Jun 9;9(6). Epub 2022 Jun 9.

Department of Speech and Language Sciences, School of Education, Communication & Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK.

'Dose form' is a construct that has evolved over the last number of years and is central to treating childhood language disorders. In this commentary, we present a framework of dose form that includes techniques, procedures, manner of instruction, and intervention context. We present key findings from a systematic review exploring the impact of intervention dose form on oral language outcomes (specifically morphosyntax and vocabulary learning) in children with DLD. Read More

Children (Basel) 2022 May 27;9(6). Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Humanities & Tourism, Rizhao Polytechnic, Rizhao 276800, China.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in the use of appropriate interactive language (including structural language and pragmatic skills) in social contexts. However, the phenotype and causes of interactive language deficits in children with ASD, in different contexts, are still unclear. In this study, we examined the structural language and pragmatic skills of children with ASD in four contexts: playing, drawing, reading, and free talking. Read More

Sci Rep 2022 Jun 23;12(1):8929. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114-3096, USA.

The current gold standard of clinical hearing assessment includes a pure-tone audiogram combined with a word recognition task. This retrospective study tests the hypothesis that deficits in word recognition that cannot be explained by loss in audibility or cognition may reflect underlying cochlear nerve degeneration (CND). We collected the audiological data of nearly 96,000 ears from patients with normal hearing, conductive hearing loss (CHL) and a variety of sensorineural etiologies including (1) age-related hearing loss (ARHL); (2) neuropathy related to vestibular schwannoma or neurofibromatosis of type 2; (3) Ménière's disease; (4) sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), (5) exposure to ototoxic drugs (carboplatin and/or cisplatin, vancomycin or gentamicin) or (6) noise damage including those with a 4-kHz "noise notch" or reporting occupational or recreational noise exposure. Read More

Soins Gerontol 2022 May-Jun;27(155):38-42. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Services de neurologie et de court séjour gériatrique, centre hospitalier départemental de Vendée, site de La Roche-sur-Yon, boulevard Stéphane-Moreau, 85000 La-Roche-sur-Yon, France.

Aphasia, resulting from a brain lesion, leads to a partial or total loss of language in the elderly. By affecting communication abilities, it has repercussions on the life of the subject and his family. There are two types of aphasia. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022 Jun 23;119(26):e2115190119. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Hearing depends on intricate morphologies and mechanical properties of diverse inner ear cell types. The individual contributions of various inner ear cell types into mechanical properties of the organ of Corti and the mechanisms of their integration are yet largely unknown. Using sub-100-nm spatial resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), we mapped the Young's modulus (stiffness) of the apical surface of the different cells of the freshly dissected P5-P6 cochlear epithelium from wild-type and mice lacking either Trio and F-actin binding protein (TRIOBP) isoforms 4 and 5 or isoform 5 only. Read More

PLoS One 2022 23;17(6):e0270090. Epub 2022 Jun 23.

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

Communication is one of the most important abilities in human society, which makes clarification of brain functions that underlie communication of great importance to cognitive neuroscience. To investigate the rapidly changing cortical-level brain activity underlying communication, a hyperscanning system with both high temporal and spatial resolution is extremely desirable. The modality of magnetoencephalography (MEG) would be ideal, but MEG hyperscanning systems suitable for communication studies remain rare. Read More

Int J Neonatal Screen 2022 May 27;8(2). Epub 2022 May 27.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies have expanded practitioners' utilization of genetic information in a timely and efficient manner for an accurate diagnosis. With an ever-increasing resource of genomic data from progress in the interpretation of genome sequences, clinicians face decisions about how and when genomic information should be presented to families, and at what potential expense. Presently, there is limited knowledge or experience in establishing the value of implementing genome sequencing into newborn screening. Read More

Behav Sci (Basel) 2022 May 31;12(6). Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan.

Esports (electronic sports) programs are a variant of competitive gaming and have expanded worldwide in recent years. The prevalence of problematic gaming and gaming disorders (GD) is predicted to increase in adolescents. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a high rate of digital gaming use, and their characteristics, such as social communication deficits and restricted interests, might contribute to problematic gaming. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2022 6;9:855250. Epub 2022 Jun 6.

School of Communication Sciences & Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Background: Liquid biomarkers have shown increasing utility in the clinical management of airway diseases. Salivary and blood samples are particularly amenable to point-of-care (POC) testing due to simple specimen collection and processing. However, very few POC tests have successfully progressed to clinical application due to the uncertainty and unpredictability surrounding their diagnostic accuracy. Read More

BMJ Open 2022 Jun 22;12(6):e054485. Epub 2022 Jun 22.

Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Introduction: We propose that a dimensional, multilayered perspective is well suited to study maladaptive personality development in youth. Such a perspective can help understand pathways to personality pathology and contribute to its early detection. The research project 'APOLO' (a Dutch language acronym for Adolescents and their Personality Development: a Longitudinal Study) is designed based on McAdams' integrative three-layered model of personality development and assesses the interaction between dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, the narrative identity and functioning. Read More

Cortex 2022 May 31;154:27-45. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada. Electronic address:

Sleep can increase consolidation of new knowledge and skills. It is less clear whether sleep plays a role in other aspects of experience-dependent neuroplasticity, which underlie important human capabilities such as spoken language processing. Theories of sensory learning differ in their predictions; some imply rapid learning at early sensory levels, while other propose a slow, progressive timecourse such that higher-level categorical representations guide immediate, novice learning, while lower-level sensory changes do not emerge until later stages. Read More